危岩落石防治技术体系及其特点
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摘要
危岩落石灾害是我国3大地质灾害之一,其防治技术包括主动和被动防治技术两大类。主动防治技术适用于勘察确定的、大型的危岩体治理,主动防治技术类型中建议优先采用支撑技术,谨慎采用清除措施。被动防治技术适用于危岩带,或线状工程受危岩落石灾害威胁下的防护。其优点是可以全面有效保护落石灾害威胁对象,但限于被动防护系统的拦截能力,通常用来拦截小型落石。被动防护系统的有效设置有赖于落石运动行为预测的可靠程度,如运动路径、弹跳高度、运动速度、动能等参数的获取。拦石网、半刚性拦石墙避免了传统刚性拦石墙的一些缺点,是较好的被动拦截措施。对于具体的危岩防治工程,主被动防治技术结合使用是较好的防治思路。
Rockfall is one of China's three major geological hazards.Its mitigation techniques can be divided into active and passive mitigation techniques.The active techniques is suitable for large-scale rockfall which is well investigated.And it is recommended that priority can be given to support technique and be careful to adopt removal measures.The passive mitigation techniques is suitable for the protection of thread-like project threatened by rockfall hazards.Its advantage is the technique can fully and effectively intercept the moving rockfall.But subject to restrictions its interception capability,the passive mitigation techniques is often used to intercept rockfall which size is below a few cubic meters.The effecitive design of passive mitigation techniques depends on the reliability of calculation results of rockfall motion parameters,such as the movement path,jumping height,velocity,kinetic parameters.The rockfall restraining nets and semi-rigid rockfall retaining wall,avoiding some shortcomings for traditional rigid rockfall retaining wall,are better measures for passive mitigation.For specific rockfall mitigation project,combination use of active and passive mitigation techniques is worthy of recommendation.
Rockfall is one of China's three major geological hazards.Its mitigation techniques can be divided into active and passive mitigation techniques.The active techniques is suitable for large-scale rockfall which is well investigated.And it is recommended that priority can be given to support technique and be careful to adopt removal measures.The passive mitigation techniques is suitable for the protection of thread-like project threatened by rockfall hazards.Its advantage is the technique can fully and effectively intercept the moving rockfall.But subject to restrictions its interception capability,the passive mitigation techniques is often used to intercept rockfall which size is below a few cubic meters.The effecitive design of passive mitigation techniques depends on the reliability of calculation results of rockfall motion parameters,such as the movement path,jumping height,velocity,kinetic parameters.The rockfall restraining nets and semi-rigid rockfall retaining wall,avoiding some shortcomings for traditional rigid rockfall retaining wall,are better measures for passive mitigation.For specific rockfall mitigation project,combination use of active and passive mitigation techniques is worthy of recommendation.
引文
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[12]唐红梅.危岩拦石墙计算方法研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(3):12-15.
[13]Azzoni A,Barbera G L,Zaninetti A.Analysis andprediction of rockfalls using a mathematical model[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Science,1995,32(7):709-724.
[14]阳友奎,等.坡面地质灾害柔性防护的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:56-110.
[2]陈洪凯,等.危岩防治原理[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:23-50.
[3]曾廉.崩塌与防治[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1990:23-50.
[4]陈洪凯,等.危岩支撑和支撑-锚固技术计算方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(3):383-388.
[5]陈洪凯,唐红梅,胡明.危岩锚固计算方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1321-1327.
[6]Chau K T,Wong R H C,Wu J J.Coefficient of Res-titution and Rotational motions of Rockfall Impacts[J].International Journal of rock mechanics and min-ing sciences,2002,39:69-77.
[7]F Nicot,B Cambou,G Mazzoleni.Design of rockfallrestraining nets from a discrete element modeling[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2001,34(2):99-118.
[8]叶四桥.隧道洞口段落石灾害研究与防治[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2008:159-171.
[9]叶四桥,唐红梅,祝辉.基于落石运动特性分析的拦石网设计理念[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):566-571.
[10]Spang R M.Rockfall Barriers-Design and Practisein Europe[G]//Proc.One Day Seminar on Planning,Design and Implementation of Debris Flow and Rock-fall Hazards Mitigation Measures,Hong Kong,1998:91-98.
[11]叶四桥,陈洪凯,唐红梅.基于落石计算的半刚性拦石墙设计[J].中国铁道科学,2008,29(2):17-22.
[12]唐红梅.危岩拦石墙计算方法研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(3):12-15.
[13]Azzoni A,Barbera G L,Zaninetti A.Analysis andprediction of rockfalls using a mathematical model[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Science,1995,32(7):709-724.
[14]阳友奎,等.坡面地质灾害柔性防护的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:56-110.
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