公路桥梁交通荷载研究现状及展望
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摘要
阐述了各国公路交通调查研究进展状况,综述了公路桥梁交通荷载调查分析与仿真模拟研究现状,总结了对桥梁结构分析影响较大的车重、轴重、车速、车距、车道及车辆行驶的横向位置等交通荷载参数的研究现状和目前仍存在的问题;最后对未来公路桥梁交通荷载调查与仿真模拟的研究方向进行了展望。
The research progressing of highway traffic survey at home and abroad was expounded,and the existed research status of investigation statistics and simulation for random traffic loading on the highway bridges was summarized.The detailed review mostly focused on the existed research status of several key parameters influencing bridge structure analysis,such as vehicle weight,axle weight,vehicle speed,vehicle distance,traffic lane and transverse location.Furthermore,the existed problems at present were summed up.Finally,research directions of highway traffic loading investigation and simulation in the future were prospected.
The research progressing of highway traffic survey at home and abroad was expounded,and the existed research status of investigation statistics and simulation for random traffic loading on the highway bridges was summarized.The detailed review mostly focused on the existed research status of several key parameters influencing bridge structure analysis,such as vehicle weight,axle weight,vehicle speed,vehicle distance,traffic lane and transverse location.Furthermore,the existed problems at present were summed up.Finally,research directions of highway traffic loading investigation and simulation in the future were prospected.
引文
[1]王涛.高速公路桥梁交通荷载调查分析及仿真模拟[D].西安:长安大学,2010.WANG Tao.Investigation Statistics and Simulationfor Random Traffic Loading of Expressway Bridge[D].Xi an:Chang an University,2010.
[2]周江评.美国国家公众交通规划基础数据调查及其数据库[J].城市交通,2004,2(4):23-28.ZHOU Jiang-ping.Survey and Datasets of NationwidePublic Transportation Planning Basic Data in U.S.[J].Urban Transport of China,2004,2(4):23-28.
[3]The Maine Department of Transportation.TrafficVolume Counts 2005 Annual Report[R].Augusta:the Maine Department of Transportation,2006.
[4]刘军民.日本的交通调查[J].交通与运输,2000(2):32-34.LIU Jun-min.Traffic Survey of Japan[J].Traffic&Transportation,2000(2):32-34.
[5]中华人民共和国交通部.中德交调技术交流及交调工作座谈会[R].北京:中华人民共和国交通部,2002.Ministry of Communications of the People s Republicof China.Technology Exchange and Work Forum onTraffic Investigation Between China and German[R].Beijing:Ministry of Communications of the People sRepublic of China,2002.
[6]王建军,严宝杰.交通调查与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.WANG Jian-jun,YAN Bao-jie.Traffic Survey andAnalysis[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.
[7]BS 5400-10:1980,Steel,Concrete and CompositeBridges.Code of Practice for Fatigue[S].
[8]童乐为,沈祖炎,陈忠延.城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载谱[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(5):20-27.TONG Le-wei,SHEN Zu-yan,CHEN Zhong-yan.Fa-tigue Load Spectrum for Urban Road Bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1997,30(5):20-27.
[9]NOWAK A S.Live Load Model for Highway Bridges[J].Structural Safety,1993,13(1/2):53-66.
[10]NOWAK A S,NASSIF H,DEFRAIN L.Effect ofTruck Loads on Bridges[J].Journal of TransportationEngineering,1993,119(6):853-867.
[11]NOWAK A S,FERRAND D M.Truck Load Modelsfor Bridges[C]//BLANDFORD G E.Structures2004—Building on the Past:Securing the Future.Nashville:ASCE,2004:1-10.
[12]CREMONA C.Optimal Extrapolation of Traffic LoadEffects[J].Structural Safety,2001,23(1):31-46.
[13]MIAO T J.Bridge Live Load Models with SpecialReference to Hong Kong[D].Hong Kong:The HongKong Polytechnic University,2001.
[14]GINDY M.Development of a Reliability Based Deflec-tion Limit State for Steel Girder Bridges[D].NewBrunswick:The State University of New Jersey,2004.
[15]O CONNOR A,O BRIEN E J.Traffic Load Model-ling and Factors Influencing the Accuracy of PredictedExtremes[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2005,32(1):270-278.
[16]李扬海,鲍卫刚,郭修武,等.公路桥梁结构可靠度与概率极限状态设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.LI Yang-hai,BAO Wei-gang,GUO Xiu-wu,et al.Structural Reliability for Highway Bridges and Prob-ability-based Limit State Design[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,1997.
[17]O CONNOR C,CHAN T H T.Dynamic Wheel Loadsfrom Bridge Strains[J].Journal of Structural Engin-eering,1988,114(8):1703-1723.
[18]CHAN T H T,LAW S S,YUNG T H.An Interpre-tive Method for Moving Force Identification[J].Jour-nal of Sound and Vibration,1999,219(3):503-524.
[19]LAW S S,CHAN T H T.Moving Force Identifica-tion:a Time Domain Method[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,1997,201(1):1-22.
[20]LAW S S,CHAN T H T,ZENG Q H.Moving ForceIdentification:a Frequency and Time Domains Analy-sis[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurementand Control,1999,12(3):394-401.
[21]LIN Y H,TRETHEWEY M W.Finite ElementAnalysis of Elastic Beams Subjected to Moving Dy-namic Loads[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1990,136(2):323-342.
[22]袁向荣,卜建清,满红高,等.移动荷载识别的函数逼近法[J].振动与冲击,2000,19(1):58-60,70.YUAN Xiang-rong,BU Jian-qing,MAN Hong-gao,et al.Function Approaching Method in Moving LoadIdentification[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2000,19(1):58-60,70.
[23]FU G K,HAG-ELSAFI O.Vehicular Overloads:LoadModel,Bridge Safety,and Permit Checking[J].Jour-nal of Bridge Engineering,2000,5(1):49-57.
[24]梅刚,秦权,林道锦.公路桥梁车辆荷载的双峰分布概率模型[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2003,43(10):1394-1396,1404.MEI Gang,QIN Quan,LIN Dao-jin.Bi-modal Prob-abilistic Model of Highway and Bridge Vehicle Loads[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science andTechnology,2003,43(10):1394-1396,1404.
[25]郭彤,李爱群,赵大亮.用于公路桥梁可靠性评估的车辆荷载多峰分布概率模型[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(5):763-766.GUO Tong,LI Ai-qun,ZHAO Da-liang.Multiple-peaked Probabilistic Vehicle Load Model for HighwayBridge Reliability Assessment[J].Journal of South-east University:Natural Science Edition,2008,38(5):763-766.
[26]铁摩辛柯S.工程中的振动问题[M].胡人礼,译.北京:人民铁道出版社,1978.TIMOSHENKO S.Vibration Problems in Engineer-ing[M].Translated by HU Ren-li.Beijing:ChinaRailway Publishing House,1978.
[27]何度心.列车动载[J].地震工程与工程振动,1988,8(4):78-98.HE Du-xin.Dynamic Loading of Driving Train onBridges[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,1988,8(4):78-98.
[28]WAARTS P H,VROUWENVELDER A A.Descrip-tion of Vehicular Load on Bridge[R].New York:TNO,1991.
[29]周小?.三塔悬索桥中塔鞍座主缆抗滑安全概率评价[D].上海:同济大学,2008.ZHOU Xiao-yi.Probability Assessment for Slip Re-sistance of Main Cables on Middle Tower Saddles fora Three-tower Suspension Bridge[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.
[30]韩万水,陈艾荣.随机车流下的风-汽车-桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(9):97-102.HAN Wan-shui,CHEN Ai-rong.Three-dimensionalCoupling Vibration of Wind-vehicle-bridge SystemsUnder Random Traffic Flow[J].China Civil Engin-eering Journal,2008,41(9):97-102.
[31]罗霞,杜进有,陈应文.混合车流交通流特性分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2000,35(3):297-300.LUO Xia,DU Jin-you,CHEN Ying-wen.Analyses onMulti-traffic Flow s Characteristics[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,2000,35(3):297-300.
[32]罗霞,杜进有,霍娅敏.车头间距分布规律的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2001,36(2):113-116.LUO Xia,DU Jin-you,HUO Ya-min.Study on theDistribution Patterns of Time Headway of Vehicles[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2001,36(2):113-116.
[33]方健红,方旭华.用VB实现车流运行系统的仿真[J].浙江交通职业技术学院学报,2004,5(1):20-23.FANG Jian-hong,FANG Xu-hua.The Simulation ofVehicles Circulation System by Visual Basic[J].Jour-nal of Zhejiang Vocational and Technical Institute ofTransportation,2004,5(1):20-23.
[34]王硕.桥梁运营荷载状况研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.WANG Shuo.Study on Load Condition for In-serviceBridges[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
[35]冯兆祥,张磊,吴冲.泰州长江大桥钢塔疲劳计算随机车辆荷载模拟[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(12):127-131.FENG Zhao-xiang,ZHANG Lei,WU Chong.Simula-tion of Random Vehicle Load for Fatigue Calculationof Steel Pylon of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research andDevelopment,2008,25(12):127-131.
[36]黄仰贤.路面分析与设计[M].余定选,齐诚,译.北京:人民交通出版社,1998.HUANG Yang-xian.Pavement Analysis and Design[M].Translated by YU Ding-xuan,QI Cheng.Bei-jing:China Communications Press,1998.
[37]邓学钧,黄晓明.路面设计原理与方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.DENG Xue-jun,HUANG Xiao-ming.Principles andMethods of Pavement Design[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2001.
[38]GETACHEW A.Traffic Load Effects on Bridges:Statistical Analysis of Collected and Monte CarloSimulated Vehicle Data[D].Stockholm:StockholmUniversity,2003.
[39]黄立葵,贾璐,万剑平,等.高速公路车辆横向分布特征[J].中南公路工程,2005,30(1):73-76.HUANG Li-kui,JIA Lu,WAN Jian-ping,et al.Tra-verse Distribution Characteristics of Vehicles on Free-ways[J].Central South Highway Engineering,2005,30(1):73-76.
[40]周志坚,徐行军.不同功能城市道路的车辆横向分布特征[J].交通标准化,2008(8):150-153.ZHOU Zhi-jian,XU Xing-jun.Transverse Distribu-tion Characteristics of Vehicles in Different FunctionUrban Road[J].Communications Standardization,2008(8):150-153.
[41]王春生.铆接钢桥剩余寿命与使用安全评估[D].上海:同济大学,2003.WANG Chun-sheng.Assessment of Remaining Fa-tigue Life and Service Safety for Riveted Steel Bridges[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2003.
[42]刘华,叶见曙,俞博,等.桥梁荷载横向分布系数计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2009,9(1):62-66.LIU Hua,YE Jian-shu,YU Bo,et al.CalculationMethod of Transversal Distribution Factor for BridgeLoad[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engin-eering,2009,9(1):62-66.
[43]王达,刘扬,黄平明.随机车流作用下双曲拱桥车-桥耦合振动研究[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(6):67-73.WANG Da,LIU Yang,HUANG Ping-ming.Researchon Vehicle-bridge Coupled Vibration for Two-wayCurved Arch Bridge Under Random Traffic Flow[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(6):67-73.
[44]袁明,余钱华,颜东煌.基于车-桥系统耦合振动理论的大跨PC连续刚构桥冲击系数研究[J].中国公路学报,2008,21(1):72-76,120.YUAN Ming,YU Qian-hua,YAN Dong-huang.Re-search on Impact Coefficient for PC Continuous RigidFrame Bridges with Long-span Under Theory of Ve-hicle-bridge System Coupling Vibration[J].ChinaJournal of Highway and Transport,2008,21(1):72-76,120.
[45]任伟平,李小珍,李俊,等.公轨两用钢桁桥轨道横梁与整体节点连接头的疲劳荷载[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(1):79-84.REN Wei-ping,LI Xiao-zhen,LI Jun,et al.FatigueLoad of Welded Connections Between Rail AcrossBeams and Integral Joints of Combined Steel TrussBridges[J].China Journal of Highway and Trans-port,2007,20(1):79-84.
[2]周江评.美国国家公众交通规划基础数据调查及其数据库[J].城市交通,2004,2(4):23-28.ZHOU Jiang-ping.Survey and Datasets of NationwidePublic Transportation Planning Basic Data in U.S.[J].Urban Transport of China,2004,2(4):23-28.
[3]The Maine Department of Transportation.TrafficVolume Counts 2005 Annual Report[R].Augusta:the Maine Department of Transportation,2006.
[4]刘军民.日本的交通调查[J].交通与运输,2000(2):32-34.LIU Jun-min.Traffic Survey of Japan[J].Traffic&Transportation,2000(2):32-34.
[5]中华人民共和国交通部.中德交调技术交流及交调工作座谈会[R].北京:中华人民共和国交通部,2002.Ministry of Communications of the People s Republicof China.Technology Exchange and Work Forum onTraffic Investigation Between China and German[R].Beijing:Ministry of Communications of the People sRepublic of China,2002.
[6]王建军,严宝杰.交通调查与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.WANG Jian-jun,YAN Bao-jie.Traffic Survey andAnalysis[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.
[7]BS 5400-10:1980,Steel,Concrete and CompositeBridges.Code of Practice for Fatigue[S].
[8]童乐为,沈祖炎,陈忠延.城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载谱[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(5):20-27.TONG Le-wei,SHEN Zu-yan,CHEN Zhong-yan.Fa-tigue Load Spectrum for Urban Road Bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1997,30(5):20-27.
[9]NOWAK A S.Live Load Model for Highway Bridges[J].Structural Safety,1993,13(1/2):53-66.
[10]NOWAK A S,NASSIF H,DEFRAIN L.Effect ofTruck Loads on Bridges[J].Journal of TransportationEngineering,1993,119(6):853-867.
[11]NOWAK A S,FERRAND D M.Truck Load Modelsfor Bridges[C]//BLANDFORD G E.Structures2004—Building on the Past:Securing the Future.Nashville:ASCE,2004:1-10.
[12]CREMONA C.Optimal Extrapolation of Traffic LoadEffects[J].Structural Safety,2001,23(1):31-46.
[13]MIAO T J.Bridge Live Load Models with SpecialReference to Hong Kong[D].Hong Kong:The HongKong Polytechnic University,2001.
[14]GINDY M.Development of a Reliability Based Deflec-tion Limit State for Steel Girder Bridges[D].NewBrunswick:The State University of New Jersey,2004.
[15]O CONNOR A,O BRIEN E J.Traffic Load Model-ling and Factors Influencing the Accuracy of PredictedExtremes[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2005,32(1):270-278.
[16]李扬海,鲍卫刚,郭修武,等.公路桥梁结构可靠度与概率极限状态设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.LI Yang-hai,BAO Wei-gang,GUO Xiu-wu,et al.Structural Reliability for Highway Bridges and Prob-ability-based Limit State Design[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,1997.
[17]O CONNOR C,CHAN T H T.Dynamic Wheel Loadsfrom Bridge Strains[J].Journal of Structural Engin-eering,1988,114(8):1703-1723.
[18]CHAN T H T,LAW S S,YUNG T H.An Interpre-tive Method for Moving Force Identification[J].Jour-nal of Sound and Vibration,1999,219(3):503-524.
[19]LAW S S,CHAN T H T.Moving Force Identifica-tion:a Time Domain Method[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,1997,201(1):1-22.
[20]LAW S S,CHAN T H T,ZENG Q H.Moving ForceIdentification:a Frequency and Time Domains Analy-sis[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurementand Control,1999,12(3):394-401.
[21]LIN Y H,TRETHEWEY M W.Finite ElementAnalysis of Elastic Beams Subjected to Moving Dy-namic Loads[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1990,136(2):323-342.
[22]袁向荣,卜建清,满红高,等.移动荷载识别的函数逼近法[J].振动与冲击,2000,19(1):58-60,70.YUAN Xiang-rong,BU Jian-qing,MAN Hong-gao,et al.Function Approaching Method in Moving LoadIdentification[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2000,19(1):58-60,70.
[23]FU G K,HAG-ELSAFI O.Vehicular Overloads:LoadModel,Bridge Safety,and Permit Checking[J].Jour-nal of Bridge Engineering,2000,5(1):49-57.
[24]梅刚,秦权,林道锦.公路桥梁车辆荷载的双峰分布概率模型[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2003,43(10):1394-1396,1404.MEI Gang,QIN Quan,LIN Dao-jin.Bi-modal Prob-abilistic Model of Highway and Bridge Vehicle Loads[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science andTechnology,2003,43(10):1394-1396,1404.
[25]郭彤,李爱群,赵大亮.用于公路桥梁可靠性评估的车辆荷载多峰分布概率模型[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(5):763-766.GUO Tong,LI Ai-qun,ZHAO Da-liang.Multiple-peaked Probabilistic Vehicle Load Model for HighwayBridge Reliability Assessment[J].Journal of South-east University:Natural Science Edition,2008,38(5):763-766.
[26]铁摩辛柯S.工程中的振动问题[M].胡人礼,译.北京:人民铁道出版社,1978.TIMOSHENKO S.Vibration Problems in Engineer-ing[M].Translated by HU Ren-li.Beijing:ChinaRailway Publishing House,1978.
[27]何度心.列车动载[J].地震工程与工程振动,1988,8(4):78-98.HE Du-xin.Dynamic Loading of Driving Train onBridges[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,1988,8(4):78-98.
[28]WAARTS P H,VROUWENVELDER A A.Descrip-tion of Vehicular Load on Bridge[R].New York:TNO,1991.
[29]周小?.三塔悬索桥中塔鞍座主缆抗滑安全概率评价[D].上海:同济大学,2008.ZHOU Xiao-yi.Probability Assessment for Slip Re-sistance of Main Cables on Middle Tower Saddles fora Three-tower Suspension Bridge[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.
[30]韩万水,陈艾荣.随机车流下的风-汽车-桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(9):97-102.HAN Wan-shui,CHEN Ai-rong.Three-dimensionalCoupling Vibration of Wind-vehicle-bridge SystemsUnder Random Traffic Flow[J].China Civil Engin-eering Journal,2008,41(9):97-102.
[31]罗霞,杜进有,陈应文.混合车流交通流特性分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2000,35(3):297-300.LUO Xia,DU Jin-you,CHEN Ying-wen.Analyses onMulti-traffic Flow s Characteristics[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,2000,35(3):297-300.
[32]罗霞,杜进有,霍娅敏.车头间距分布规律的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2001,36(2):113-116.LUO Xia,DU Jin-you,HUO Ya-min.Study on theDistribution Patterns of Time Headway of Vehicles[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2001,36(2):113-116.
[33]方健红,方旭华.用VB实现车流运行系统的仿真[J].浙江交通职业技术学院学报,2004,5(1):20-23.FANG Jian-hong,FANG Xu-hua.The Simulation ofVehicles Circulation System by Visual Basic[J].Jour-nal of Zhejiang Vocational and Technical Institute ofTransportation,2004,5(1):20-23.
[34]王硕.桥梁运营荷载状况研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.WANG Shuo.Study on Load Condition for In-serviceBridges[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
[35]冯兆祥,张磊,吴冲.泰州长江大桥钢塔疲劳计算随机车辆荷载模拟[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(12):127-131.FENG Zhao-xiang,ZHANG Lei,WU Chong.Simula-tion of Random Vehicle Load for Fatigue Calculationof Steel Pylon of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research andDevelopment,2008,25(12):127-131.
[36]黄仰贤.路面分析与设计[M].余定选,齐诚,译.北京:人民交通出版社,1998.HUANG Yang-xian.Pavement Analysis and Design[M].Translated by YU Ding-xuan,QI Cheng.Bei-jing:China Communications Press,1998.
[37]邓学钧,黄晓明.路面设计原理与方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.DENG Xue-jun,HUANG Xiao-ming.Principles andMethods of Pavement Design[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2001.
[38]GETACHEW A.Traffic Load Effects on Bridges:Statistical Analysis of Collected and Monte CarloSimulated Vehicle Data[D].Stockholm:StockholmUniversity,2003.
[39]黄立葵,贾璐,万剑平,等.高速公路车辆横向分布特征[J].中南公路工程,2005,30(1):73-76.HUANG Li-kui,JIA Lu,WAN Jian-ping,et al.Tra-verse Distribution Characteristics of Vehicles on Free-ways[J].Central South Highway Engineering,2005,30(1):73-76.
[40]周志坚,徐行军.不同功能城市道路的车辆横向分布特征[J].交通标准化,2008(8):150-153.ZHOU Zhi-jian,XU Xing-jun.Transverse Distribu-tion Characteristics of Vehicles in Different FunctionUrban Road[J].Communications Standardization,2008(8):150-153.
[41]王春生.铆接钢桥剩余寿命与使用安全评估[D].上海:同济大学,2003.WANG Chun-sheng.Assessment of Remaining Fa-tigue Life and Service Safety for Riveted Steel Bridges[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2003.
[42]刘华,叶见曙,俞博,等.桥梁荷载横向分布系数计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2009,9(1):62-66.LIU Hua,YE Jian-shu,YU Bo,et al.CalculationMethod of Transversal Distribution Factor for BridgeLoad[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engin-eering,2009,9(1):62-66.
[43]王达,刘扬,黄平明.随机车流作用下双曲拱桥车-桥耦合振动研究[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(6):67-73.WANG Da,LIU Yang,HUANG Ping-ming.Researchon Vehicle-bridge Coupled Vibration for Two-wayCurved Arch Bridge Under Random Traffic Flow[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(6):67-73.
[44]袁明,余钱华,颜东煌.基于车-桥系统耦合振动理论的大跨PC连续刚构桥冲击系数研究[J].中国公路学报,2008,21(1):72-76,120.YUAN Ming,YU Qian-hua,YAN Dong-huang.Re-search on Impact Coefficient for PC Continuous RigidFrame Bridges with Long-span Under Theory of Ve-hicle-bridge System Coupling Vibration[J].ChinaJournal of Highway and Transport,2008,21(1):72-76,120.
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