共和隧道页岩饱水软化试验研究
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摘要
渝湘高速公路共和隧道地质条件十分复杂,隧道施工遇到很大困难,隧道开挖后初期支护多处纵向开裂。隧道开裂段围岩为页岩,现场实际监测资料表明页岩层理、节理发育,易风化,亲水性较强,有水软化倾向。页岩的这些性质对隧道初期支护结构的效果及隧道长期稳定可靠性具有重要影响。针对这一施工难题,先进行页岩基本力学试验,获得页岩基本力学参数;然后采用声波探测与单轴抗压试验相结合的方法进行页岩的饱水软化试验,得到页岩动弹模量及强度的饱水软化方程。试验结果表明共和隧道页岩弹性模量及强度均较低;弹性模量和强度随饱水时间的增加而逐渐减小,服从负指数函数变化规律,饱水软化方程能很好的反应页岩的实际饱水软化规律;用声波探测和单轴抗压试验相结合的方法进行页岩饱水软化试验,可以大量减少岩石试样的数量,同时可以提高试验精度。试验成果为共和隧道高地应力大变形破坏段的初期支护结构重新设计及隧道衬砌结构的长期可靠性分析提供基本参数。
The geological condition of Gonghe tunnel of Chongqing—Changsha highway is very complex.There are many difficulties when the tunnel is being constructed.There are many vertical cracks in the primary support after the tunnel is excavated.The surrounding rock of the cracking position is shale,which is easily weathered,and strong hydrophilic and water-softening have identified beddings and joints.All these characteristics have an important impact on the primary support and the long-term stability of the tunnel.At first,the basic mechanical parameters of the shale are gotten from the basic mechanical test of the shale.And then,the water-saturated softening experiment of the shale is carried out with the combination of sound wave test and uniaxial compression test,and the water-saturated softening equations of the shale are obtained.The test results show that both strength and elastic mould are low;the strength and elastic modulus will be lower in the process of water-saturated time,which meets the rule of a negative exponential function,and can agree well the actual water-saturated softening rule of the shale.The combination of sound wave test and uniaxial compression test can significantly reduce theneed of rock samples,and also can improve test accuracy.The research achievements provide the basic parameters for re-designing the primary support structure and analyzing the long-term stability of the tunnel lining structure.
The geological condition of Gonghe tunnel of Chongqing—Changsha highway is very complex.There are many difficulties when the tunnel is being constructed.There are many vertical cracks in the primary support after the tunnel is excavated.The surrounding rock of the cracking position is shale,which is easily weathered,and strong hydrophilic and water-softening have identified beddings and joints.All these characteristics have an important impact on the primary support and the long-term stability of the tunnel.At first,the basic mechanical parameters of the shale are gotten from the basic mechanical test of the shale.And then,the water-saturated softening experiment of the shale is carried out with the combination of sound wave test and uniaxial compression test,and the water-saturated softening equations of the shale are obtained.The test results show that both strength and elastic mould are low;the strength and elastic modulus will be lower in the process of water-saturated time,which meets the rule of a negative exponential function,and can agree well the actual water-saturated softening rule of the shale.The combination of sound wave test and uniaxial compression test can significantly reduce theneed of rock samples,and also can improve test accuracy.The research achievements provide the basic parameters for re-designing the primary support structure and analyzing the long-term stability of the tunnel lining structure.
引文
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[10]邓继新,史謌,刘瑞珣.泥岩、页岩声速各向异性及其影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):862-868.(DENG Jixin,SHI Ge,LIU Ruixun.Analysis of the velocity anisotropy and its affection factors in shale and mudstone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):862-868.(in Chinese))
[2]郭富利,张顶立,苏洁,等.地下水和围压对软岩力学性质影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2324-2332.(GUO Fuli,ZHANG Dingli,SU Jie,et al.Experimental study of influences of groundwater and confining pressure on mechanical behaviors of soft rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(11):2324-2332.(in Chinese))
[3]杨春和,冒海军,王学潮,等.板岩遇水软化的微观结构及力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(12):2090-2098.(YANG Chunhe,MAO Haijun,WANG Xuechao,et al.Study on variation of microstructure and mechanical properties of water-weakening slates[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(12):2090-2098.(in Chinese))
[4]HADIZADEH J.Water-weakening of sandstone and quartzite deformed at various stress and strain rates[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci,1991,28(5):431-439.
[5]黄宏伟,车平.泥岩遇水软化微观机制研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(7):866-870.(HUANG Hongwei,CHE Ping,Research on micro-mechanism of softening and argillitization of mudstone[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2007,35(7):866-870.(in Chinese))
[6]周翠英,谭祥韶,邓毅梅,等.特殊软岩软化的微观机制研究[J].岩石力学与工作学报,2005,24(3):394-400.(ZHOU Cuiying,TAN Xiangshao,DENG Yimei,et al.Research on softening micro-mechanism of special soft rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):394-400.(in Chinese))
[7]汤连生,王思敬.岩石水化学损伤的机制及量化方法探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):314-319.(TANG Liansheng,WANG Sijing.Analysis of mechanism and quantitative methods of chemical damage in water-rock interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):314-319.(in Chinese))
[8]闫长斌,徐国元,杨飞.爆破动荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应声波测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):88-93.(YAN Changbin,XU Guoyuan,YANG Fei.Measurement of sound waves to study cumulative damage effect on surrounding rock under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):88-93.(in Chinese))
[9]刘斌,王宝善,席道瑛,等.水饱和裂纹对地壳岩样中地震波速及各向异性的影响[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5):702-710.(LIU Bin,WANG Baoshan,XI Daoyin,et al.The effects of water saturated cracks on seismic velocity and anisotropy in crustal rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(5):702-710.(in Chinese))
[10]邓继新,史謌,刘瑞珣.泥岩、页岩声速各向异性及其影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):862-868.(DENG Jixin,SHI Ge,LIU Ruixun.Analysis of the velocity anisotropy and its affection factors in shale and mudstone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):862-868.(in Chinese))
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