大型桥梁成本控制与全寿命周期成本分析
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摘要
工程成本控制的目标是合理地确定成本并进行有效的控制,以提高投资效益。桥梁全寿命周期成本包括整个寿命期内用于桥梁规划、研究、设计、试验、施工、养护、检测、维修、管理、拆除处理等支付的费用。我国现阶段工程成本管理只注重施工过程中的成本控制,忽视投资决策阶段、设计阶段的成本控制,成本管理的各阶段相互脱节,资料收集整理制度不完善。企业缺乏有效的成本管理体制。建议采用BOT(build-operate-transfer)模式,使企业主动按照全寿命周期成本进行管理和控制。以港珠澳大桥全寿命周期成本分析为例,说明:营运期成本在大型桥梁工程全寿命周期成本中所占比重较大,建议在桥梁投资决策和方案设计中,综合考虑桥梁全寿命周期成本。
The aim of engineering cost control is to rationally determine and effectively control the cost so that the investment benefit can be significantly enhanced.The life cycle cost of a bridge covers the cost for bridge planning,research,design,testing,construction,maintenance,inspection,rehabilitation,management and demolishing within the whole life period of the bridge.In the present engineering cost management in China,the cost control in the construction process is always stressed while the cost control at the investment decision-making and design stages is ignored,the cost management form stage to stage is not mutually connected,the systems of the related data collection are not perfect and many enterprises are even void of the effective cost management mechanisms.It is therefore proposed that the mode of BOT(build-operate-transfer) should be adopted and the enterprises should be urged to actively manage and control their cost in accordance with the life cycle cost.By way of example of the life cycle cost analysis of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge,it is illustrated herewith that the cost of a major bridge at operation stage accounts for a large portion of the life cycle cost and it is further proposed that the life cycle cost of the bridge should be comprehensively considered as well in the investment decision-making and conceptual design stages.
The aim of engineering cost control is to rationally determine and effectively control the cost so that the investment benefit can be significantly enhanced.The life cycle cost of a bridge covers the cost for bridge planning,research,design,testing,construction,maintenance,inspection,rehabilitation,management and demolishing within the whole life period of the bridge.In the present engineering cost management in China,the cost control in the construction process is always stressed while the cost control at the investment decision-making and design stages is ignored,the cost management form stage to stage is not mutually connected,the systems of the related data collection are not perfect and many enterprises are even void of the effective cost management mechanisms.It is therefore proposed that the mode of BOT(build-operate-transfer) should be adopted and the enterprises should be urged to actively manage and control their cost in accordance with the life cycle cost.By way of example of the life cycle cost analysis of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge,it is illustrated herewith that the cost of a major bridge at operation stage accounts for a large portion of the life cycle cost and it is further proposed that the life cycle cost of the bridge should be comprehensively considered as well in the investment decision-making and conceptual design stages.
引文
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[2]吴海军,陈艾荣.桥梁结构耐久性设计方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(3):57-61.(WU Hai-jun,CHEN Ai-rong.Study of DurabilityDesign Method for Bridge Structures[J].China Jour-nal of Highway and Transport,2004,17(3):57-61.in Chinese)
[3]沈达峰.桥梁寿命周期成本分析初探[J].苏州城建环保学院学报,1997,10(4):12-16.(SHEN Da-feng.Preliminary Study of Bridge Life Cy-cle Cost Analysis[J].Journal of Suzhou Institute ofUrban Construction and Environmental Protection,1997,10(4):12-16.in Chinese)
[4]陈艳艳,王光远.桥梁抗震加固经济可行性评估[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(1):18-22.(CHEN Yan-yan,WANG Guang-yuan.EconomicFeasibility Analyses of Bridge Aseismic Strengthening[J].World Earth Quake Engineering,2002,18(1):18-22.in Chinese)
[5]王福敏,吕庆丰,宋琼瑶.结合桥梁寿命期成本论武隆乌江二桥旧桥改造方案的决策[J].公路交通技术,2005,22(1):84-88.(WANG Fu-min,LU Qing-feng,SONG Qiong-yao.Discussion on Selection and Decision of Old Bridge Re-building Schemes for Wulong No.2 Wu River BridgeAccording to Cost During Service Life of Bridges[J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2005,22(1):84-88.in Chinese)
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