小间距隧道爆破动力特性试验研究
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摘要
分岔隧道是一种新型隧道结构形式。以漆树槽分岔隧道为工程背景,进行了掘进爆破的围岩震动效应试验,通过不同掏槽结构下爆破震动作用隧道围岩衬砌质点振动速度的频谱分析与质点振动速度幅值的分布情况分析,对小间距公路隧道混凝土衬砌及其围岩在爆破地震波作用下的力学特征进行论述,重点研究了小间距隧道中隔墙及爆破掌子面的震动特性及变化规律。试验与分析结果表明,(1)中墙迎爆侧为振速峰值区,以水平径向振速最大,且沿着中墙走向呈现规律性变化;(2)掏槽孔爆破产生的地震效应最为强烈,其震动强度是扩槽眼和周边眼的2倍左右;(3)衬砌振速主振频率主要分布在低频段,以20～95Hz为集中频段,高频地震波衰减极快;(4)同一测试断面中最大振速峰值出现在拱顶和边墙中部位置的概率最大,且大小比较接近,爆破掌子面附近的振速不适合萨道夫斯基预测公式,受爆破夹制及自由面的影响较大。
Bifurcation tunnel is one of the new types tunnels.Taking the project of Qishucao bifurcation as the background,the field experiments of vibration effects of rock masses in tunneling blasting have been done.Based on the measurement of waveforms of the vibration velocity in different distances away from the tunneling blasting sources in the working face of adjacent tunnel,blasting vibration analysis of concrete lining tunnel is described by analyzing the peak particle velocity and its main frequency,especially for the blasting dynamic characteristics of mid-board and its vibration velocity variation.The results of the tests and analysis show that:(1) the near-blast side of old tunnel is the strongest vibration zone and the radial vibration is the highest which has a regular varying character along the mid-board;(2) the seismic effect of cutting hole blasting is the most intensive and its intensity is about two times greater than that of the other two blast-holes blasting;(3) the main vibration frequency of concrete lining is mostly low frequency from 20 Hz to 95 Hz,the higher frequency is absorbed quickly.(4) the peak vibration velocity always appears at the vault or in the middle of the mid-board in the same testing cross-section of the old tunnel;the Sadoy ’s formula is not reasonable for the vibration prediction of particle vibration near the blasting face.In light of construction characteristics of the adjacent blasting,the control measures of blasting vibration are proposed;the presented research achievements have better applied to practical project;and satisfactory results are obtained.
Bifurcation tunnel is one of the new types tunnels.Taking the project of Qishucao bifurcation as the background,the field experiments of vibration effects of rock masses in tunneling blasting have been done.Based on the measurement of waveforms of the vibration velocity in different distances away from the tunneling blasting sources in the working face of adjacent tunnel,blasting vibration analysis of concrete lining tunnel is described by analyzing the peak particle velocity and its main frequency,especially for the blasting dynamic characteristics of mid-board and its vibration velocity variation.The results of the tests and analysis show that:(1) the near-blast side of old tunnel is the strongest vibration zone and the radial vibration is the highest which has a regular varying character along the mid-board;(2) the seismic effect of cutting hole blasting is the most intensive and its intensity is about two times greater than that of the other two blast-holes blasting;(3) the main vibration frequency of concrete lining is mostly low frequency from 20 Hz to 95 Hz,the higher frequency is absorbed quickly.(4) the peak vibration velocity always appears at the vault or in the middle of the mid-board in the same testing cross-section of the old tunnel;the Sadoy ’s formula is not reasonable for the vibration prediction of particle vibration near the blasting face.In light of construction characteristics of the adjacent blasting,the control measures of blasting vibration are proposed;the presented research achievements have better applied to practical project;and satisfactory results are obtained.
引文
[1]湖北沪蓉西高速公路建设指挥部.分岔隧道设计施工关键技术研究阶段工作报告[R].湖北:恩施,2005.
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[3]吴永忠.相思岭M型双洞连拱公路隧道施工技术[J].北京公路,2000,(4):26-30.WU Yong-zhong.Construction technology of XiangsilingM-shaped twin-arched tunnel[J].Beijing Highway,2000,(4):26-30.
[4]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.小间距隧道施工性态监测与稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增):4158-4163.LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Rock stability analysis and site monitoring of mechanical behavior for excavation of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Supp.):4158-4163.
[5]杨宏波,施建,曾恕辉.双跨连拱隧道的中隔墙施工[J].铁道建筑,2002,(4):11-14.YANG Hong-bo,SHI Jian,ZENG Shu-hui.Construction of middle wall of twin-arch tunnels[J].Railway Construction Technology,2002,(4):11-14.
[6]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.浅埋大跨隧道现场试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3565-3571.LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.In-situ testing study on shallow-buried large-span tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3563-3571.
[7]周玉宏,赵燕明,程崇国.偏压连拱隧道施工过程的优化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):679-683.ZHOU Yu-hong,CHENG Chong-guo.Optimum analysis of the construction process for joint arch tunnels in partial pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):679-683.
[8]张宏伟.双连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水治理技术浅谈[J].隧道建设,2002,22(2):17-18.ZHANG Hong-wei.Elementary introduction to the technology of leakage curing of middle wall intwin-arch tunnels[J].Tunnel Construction,2002,22(2):17-18.
[9]谭忠盛,杨小林,王梦恕.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):281-285.TAN Zhong-shen,YANG Xiao-lin,WANG Meng-shu.Effect of blasting in double line tunnel on existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):281-285.
[10]姚勇,何川,晏启详,等.董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增2):501-506.YAO Yong,HE Chuan,YAN Qi-xiang,et al.Numerical simulation of blasting control for small clear distance zone of Dongjiashan tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp.2):501-506.
[11]谢全敏,夏元友,李新平.龙滩水电站蠕变边坡的爆破振动控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,20003,22(11):1929-1930.XIE Jin-min,XIA Yuan-you,LI Xin-ping.Study of blasting vibration control of creep mass slope of Longtan Hydropower Stating[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1929-1930.
[12]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4158-4163.ZHANG Ji-chun,CAO Xiao-jun,ZHENG Shuang-ying,et al.Experimental study of vibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4158-4163.
[13]阳生权,刘宝琛.小线间距施工隧道爆破地震影响下既有围岩线形动力分析[J].工程爆破,1998,4(1):1-6.YANG Sheng-quan,LIU Bao-chen.Liner dynamic analysis of the wall rock of exiting tunnel affected by blasting vibration of new tunnel with little spacing[J].Engineering Blasting,1998,4(1):1-6.
[14]SHARMA J.Blasting induced vibration monitoring[J].The Indian Mining&Engineering Journal,1998,37(11):36.
[15]SISKIND E D.Frequency analysis and use of response spectra for blast vibration assessments in mining[C]//Proceedings of the22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique(Volume II).New Jersey USA:[s.n.],1996:176-183.
[16]The Commission on Test Methods.Suggested method for blast vibration monitoring[J].International Jounal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1992,29(2):143-156.
[17]阳生权,刘宝琛.小线间距平行隧道爆破震动加速度测试[J].爆破器材,1999,28(6):1-4.YANG Sheng-quan,LIU Bao-chen.Acceleration velocity monitoring of blasting vibration in little spacing tunnels construction[J].Explosive Materials,1999,28(6):1-4.
[2]刘洪洲,黄伦海.连拱隧道设计施工技术研究现状[J].西部探矿工程,2001,13(1):54-55.LIU Hong-zhou,HUANG Lun-hai.Overview of design and construction of tunnel with multiple arch[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2001,13(1):54-55.
[3]吴永忠.相思岭M型双洞连拱公路隧道施工技术[J].北京公路,2000,(4):26-30.WU Yong-zhong.Construction technology of XiangsilingM-shaped twin-arched tunnel[J].Beijing Highway,2000,(4):26-30.
[4]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.小间距隧道施工性态监测与稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增):4158-4163.LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Rock stability analysis and site monitoring of mechanical behavior for excavation of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Supp.):4158-4163.
[5]杨宏波,施建,曾恕辉.双跨连拱隧道的中隔墙施工[J].铁道建筑,2002,(4):11-14.YANG Hong-bo,SHI Jian,ZENG Shu-hui.Construction of middle wall of twin-arch tunnels[J].Railway Construction Technology,2002,(4):11-14.
[6]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.浅埋大跨隧道现场试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3565-3571.LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.In-situ testing study on shallow-buried large-span tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3563-3571.
[7]周玉宏,赵燕明,程崇国.偏压连拱隧道施工过程的优化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):679-683.ZHOU Yu-hong,CHENG Chong-guo.Optimum analysis of the construction process for joint arch tunnels in partial pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):679-683.
[8]张宏伟.双连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水治理技术浅谈[J].隧道建设,2002,22(2):17-18.ZHANG Hong-wei.Elementary introduction to the technology of leakage curing of middle wall intwin-arch tunnels[J].Tunnel Construction,2002,22(2):17-18.
[9]谭忠盛,杨小林,王梦恕.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):281-285.TAN Zhong-shen,YANG Xiao-lin,WANG Meng-shu.Effect of blasting in double line tunnel on existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):281-285.
[10]姚勇,何川,晏启详,等.董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增2):501-506.YAO Yong,HE Chuan,YAN Qi-xiang,et al.Numerical simulation of blasting control for small clear distance zone of Dongjiashan tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp.2):501-506.
[11]谢全敏,夏元友,李新平.龙滩水电站蠕变边坡的爆破振动控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,20003,22(11):1929-1930.XIE Jin-min,XIA Yuan-you,LI Xin-ping.Study of blasting vibration control of creep mass slope of Longtan Hydropower Stating[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1929-1930.
[12]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4158-4163.ZHANG Ji-chun,CAO Xiao-jun,ZHENG Shuang-ying,et al.Experimental study of vibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4158-4163.
[13]阳生权,刘宝琛.小线间距施工隧道爆破地震影响下既有围岩线形动力分析[J].工程爆破,1998,4(1):1-6.YANG Sheng-quan,LIU Bao-chen.Liner dynamic analysis of the wall rock of exiting tunnel affected by blasting vibration of new tunnel with little spacing[J].Engineering Blasting,1998,4(1):1-6.
[14]SHARMA J.Blasting induced vibration monitoring[J].The Indian Mining&Engineering Journal,1998,37(11):36.
[15]SISKIND E D.Frequency analysis and use of response spectra for blast vibration assessments in mining[C]//Proceedings of the22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique(Volume II).New Jersey USA:[s.n.],1996:176-183.
[16]The Commission on Test Methods.Suggested method for blast vibration monitoring[J].International Jounal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1992,29(2):143-156.
[17]阳生权,刘宝琛.小线间距平行隧道爆破震动加速度测试[J].爆破器材,1999,28(6):1-4.YANG Sheng-quan,LIU Bao-chen.Acceleration velocity monitoring of blasting vibration in little spacing tunnels construction[J].Explosive Materials,1999,28(6):1-4.
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