隧道掌子面前方低阻夹层的瞬变电磁探测研究
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摘要
实践表明,隧道掌子面前方含水、充泥等不良地质体对隧道施工构成潜在的危险和障碍,严重影响隧道施工速度。由于瞬变电磁法对低阻体反应灵敏,在进行瞬变电磁隧道超前地质预报时,这些含水、充泥等不良地质体通常又可以近似当成一种低阻夹层来处理,因此,利用瞬变电磁法对掌子面前方低阻夹层的探测研究就显得很有意义。采用建立在全空间理论上的瞬变电磁等效导电平面法,利用遗传算法进行计算,并结合视纵向电导及其微分成像对隧道掌子面前方低阻夹层展开相应的正演模拟及应用研究,重点讨论视纵向电导微分成像的电性界面响应特点及其与视电阻率断面等值线联合解释方法,总结出相应的结论和规律,以此来指导瞬变电磁法在隧道内的超前地质预报工作,不断提高瞬变电磁探测的精度及准确度。
Practices show that the unfavorable geological body with water or mud in front of the tunnel face is great dangerous to the tunnel construction.If these unfavorable geologic bodies can not be detected,which will effect the tunnel construction progress;moreover,some engineering accidents and casualties may happen.As the transient electromagnetic method(TEM) is sensitive to the low resistivity body,and the unfavorable geological bodies usually can be equal to a low resistivity interbed,the study of the detection of the low resistivity interbed in front of the tunnel face becomes very meaningful.The TEM-equivalent conductive plane method based on the whole space theory and the apparent longitudinal conductance and its differential coefficient imaging will be used to have a forward modeling and application research on the detection of the low resistivity interbed in front of the tunnel face.Besides,a discussion on the electricity interface response character of the apparent longitudinal conductance is presented with differential coefficient imaging and the interpretation combined with apparent resistivity section contours.At last,some characteristics and laws of the detection are summed up so as to guide the actual TEM tunnel geological forecast and improve TEM detection accuracy and precision.
Practices show that the unfavorable geological body with water or mud in front of the tunnel face is great dangerous to the tunnel construction.If these unfavorable geologic bodies can not be detected,which will effect the tunnel construction progress;moreover,some engineering accidents and casualties may happen.As the transient electromagnetic method(TEM) is sensitive to the low resistivity body,and the unfavorable geological bodies usually can be equal to a low resistivity interbed,the study of the detection of the low resistivity interbed in front of the tunnel face becomes very meaningful.The TEM-equivalent conductive plane method based on the whole space theory and the apparent longitudinal conductance and its differential coefficient imaging will be used to have a forward modeling and application research on the detection of the low resistivity interbed in front of the tunnel face.Besides,a discussion on the electricity interface response character of the apparent longitudinal conductance is presented with differential coefficient imaging and the interpretation combined with apparent resistivity section contours.At last,some characteristics and laws of the detection are summed up so as to guide the actual TEM tunnel geological forecast and improve TEM detection accuracy and precision.
引文
[1]李术才,李树忱,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):217-225.(LI Shucai,LI Shuchen,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Forecast of karst fractured groundwater and defective geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):217-225.(in Chinese))
[2]李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,等.高风险岩溶地区隧道施工地质灾害综合预报预警关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1297-1307.(LI Shucai,XUE Yiguo,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Key technology study of comprehensive prediction and early warning of geological hazards during tunnel construction in high-risk karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1297-1307.(in Chinese))
[3]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004,(1):7-10.(WANG Mengshu.Hydrogeological forecast of tunnel construction in the karst district[J].Railroad Survey,2004,(1):7-10.(in Chinese))
[4]钟世航.TSP作隧道掌子面前方地质预报几例失误原因分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增1):2443-2446.(ZHONG Shihang.Analysis of the failure reasons in survey forward from working face of tunnels by means of TSP[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.1):2443-2446.(in Chinese))
[5]薛翊国,李术才,张庆松,等.TSP超前预报系统探测岩溶隧道的应用研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,21(6):1187-1191.(XUE Yiguo,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Application of TSP advanced prediction to tunnel in karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,21(6):1187-1191.(in Chinese))
[6]刘传孝.探地雷达空洞探测机制研究及应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):238-241.(LIU Chuanxiao.Study of mechanism of cavity detection by GPR and the analysis of its application examples[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):238-241.(in Chinese))
[7]李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002.(LI Xiu.Theory and application of transient electromagnetic sounding[M].Xi′an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[8]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2007.(NIU Zhilian.Theory of time domain electromagnetic[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[9]李貅,郭文波.瞬变电磁法在煤田矿井涌水通道勘察中的应用[J].西安工程学院学报,2000,22(3):35-38.(LI Xiu,GUO Wenbo.Application of TEM to exploration of water gushing channel way in coal field[J].Journal of Xi′an Engineering University,2000,22(3):35-38.(in Chinese))
[10]吴有信.宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道瞬变电磁法勘察效果[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):21-26.(WU Youxin.The transient electromagnetic method investigation application in Yichang-Wanxian railway Maluqing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2007,4(1):21-26.(in Chinese))
[11]锻铮,李天斌,李育枢,等.瞬变电磁法超前地质预报技术在铜锣山隧道中的应用[J].现代隧道技术,2008,45(2):58-62.(DUAN Zheng,LI Tianbin,LI Yushu,et al.Application of transient electromagnetic methods geological forcast technology in Tongluoshan[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2008,58(2):45-62.(in Chinese))
[12]唐新功,胡文宝,严良俊,等.层状地层中三维薄板的瞬变电磁响应[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(5):628-633.(TANG Xingong,HU Wenbao,YAN Liangjun et al.Transient electromagnetic response to a3D thin plate in a layered earth[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):628-633.(in Chinese))
[13]薛国强,邓湘.瞬变电磁法对薄层的探测能力[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):709-713.(XUE Guoqiang,DENG Xiang.Capacity of transient electro-magnetic(TEM)method for detecting thin layer[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):709-713.(in Chinese))
[14]薛国强,李貅.瞬变电磁隧道超前预报成像技术[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):894-900.(XUE Guoqiang,LI Xiu.The technology of TEM tunnel prediction imaging[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(3):894-900.(in Chinese))
[15]石林珂,孙铭心,王广国,等.地球物理遗传反演方法[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.(SHI Linke,SUN Mingxin,WANG Guangguo,et al.Methods of geophysical genetic inversion[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[16]郭纯,刘白宙,白登海.地下全空间瞬变电磁技术在煤矿巷道掘进头的连续跟踪超前探测[J].地震地质,2006,28(3):456-462.(GUO Chun,LIU Baizou,BAI Denghai.Prediction of water disasters ahead of tunneling in coal mine using continuous detection by UWTEM[J].Seismology and Geology,2006,28(3):456-462.(in Chinese))
[17]XIU L,XUE G Q,SONG J P,et al.Application of the adaptive shrinkage genetic algorithm in the feasible region to TEM conductive thin layer inversion[J].Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4):204-211.
[2]李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,等.高风险岩溶地区隧道施工地质灾害综合预报预警关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1297-1307.(LI Shucai,XUE Yiguo,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Key technology study of comprehensive prediction and early warning of geological hazards during tunnel construction in high-risk karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1297-1307.(in Chinese))
[3]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004,(1):7-10.(WANG Mengshu.Hydrogeological forecast of tunnel construction in the karst district[J].Railroad Survey,2004,(1):7-10.(in Chinese))
[4]钟世航.TSP作隧道掌子面前方地质预报几例失误原因分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增1):2443-2446.(ZHONG Shihang.Analysis of the failure reasons in survey forward from working face of tunnels by means of TSP[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.1):2443-2446.(in Chinese))
[5]薛翊国,李术才,张庆松,等.TSP超前预报系统探测岩溶隧道的应用研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,21(6):1187-1191.(XUE Yiguo,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Application of TSP advanced prediction to tunnel in karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,21(6):1187-1191.(in Chinese))
[6]刘传孝.探地雷达空洞探测机制研究及应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):238-241.(LIU Chuanxiao.Study of mechanism of cavity detection by GPR and the analysis of its application examples[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):238-241.(in Chinese))
[7]李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002.(LI Xiu.Theory and application of transient electromagnetic sounding[M].Xi′an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[8]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2007.(NIU Zhilian.Theory of time domain electromagnetic[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[9]李貅,郭文波.瞬变电磁法在煤田矿井涌水通道勘察中的应用[J].西安工程学院学报,2000,22(3):35-38.(LI Xiu,GUO Wenbo.Application of TEM to exploration of water gushing channel way in coal field[J].Journal of Xi′an Engineering University,2000,22(3):35-38.(in Chinese))
[10]吴有信.宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道瞬变电磁法勘察效果[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):21-26.(WU Youxin.The transient electromagnetic method investigation application in Yichang-Wanxian railway Maluqing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2007,4(1):21-26.(in Chinese))
[11]锻铮,李天斌,李育枢,等.瞬变电磁法超前地质预报技术在铜锣山隧道中的应用[J].现代隧道技术,2008,45(2):58-62.(DUAN Zheng,LI Tianbin,LI Yushu,et al.Application of transient electromagnetic methods geological forcast technology in Tongluoshan[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2008,58(2):45-62.(in Chinese))
[12]唐新功,胡文宝,严良俊,等.层状地层中三维薄板的瞬变电磁响应[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(5):628-633.(TANG Xingong,HU Wenbao,YAN Liangjun et al.Transient electromagnetic response to a3D thin plate in a layered earth[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):628-633.(in Chinese))
[13]薛国强,邓湘.瞬变电磁法对薄层的探测能力[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):709-713.(XUE Guoqiang,DENG Xiang.Capacity of transient electro-magnetic(TEM)method for detecting thin layer[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):709-713.(in Chinese))
[14]薛国强,李貅.瞬变电磁隧道超前预报成像技术[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):894-900.(XUE Guoqiang,LI Xiu.The technology of TEM tunnel prediction imaging[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(3):894-900.(in Chinese))
[15]石林珂,孙铭心,王广国,等.地球物理遗传反演方法[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.(SHI Linke,SUN Mingxin,WANG Guangguo,et al.Methods of geophysical genetic inversion[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[16]郭纯,刘白宙,白登海.地下全空间瞬变电磁技术在煤矿巷道掘进头的连续跟踪超前探测[J].地震地质,2006,28(3):456-462.(GUO Chun,LIU Baizou,BAI Denghai.Prediction of water disasters ahead of tunneling in coal mine using continuous detection by UWTEM[J].Seismology and Geology,2006,28(3):456-462.(in Chinese))
[17]XIU L,XUE G Q,SONG J P,et al.Application of the adaptive shrinkage genetic algorithm in the feasible region to TEM conductive thin layer inversion[J].Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4):204-211.
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