隐块体在连拱隧道工程中引起的灾害
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摘要
通过对正建和营运连拱隧道的调研,发现许多连拱隧道二衬有裂缝,并且裂缝漏水,有的渗漏很严重,这样既对连拱隧道的营运带来了困难,又损害了隧道的美观,通过对关键块体的力学研究和对某已完工还未营运连拱隧道二衬裂缝处进行拱顶沉降和水平收敛的监测,可知裂缝和渗漏发生的原因是:这种关键块体的变形和位移的周期比较长,隧道开挖是没有办法发现的,由于块体在施工过程中破坏自然平衡状态,经过一段时间的自稳而破坏了防水板和二衬,给连拱隧道带来了相应的病害.本文称这种块体为隐关键块体,也提出了相应的处理措施.
Investigation to multi-arch tunnels in operation and under construction has found that many multi-arch tunnels have lining cracks and water leakage, and some are very serious. They bring difficulty for operation of the tunnels and damage their appearance. In this work, we have conducted mechanical study for the key blocks and treatment to the crack on the vault lining in a multi-arck tunnel that is completed but not put into operation. We found that the reasous for crack and leakage are deformation of the key blocks and long-period displacement, which cannot be detected by tunnel excavation. Because the block destroyed natural state of equilibrium during construction, the water proof board and lining were damaged after a period of self-stability recovery, so that causing hazards in the tunnel. We call this block the hidden key block and suggest the corresponding measures.
Investigation to multi-arch tunnels in operation and under construction has found that many multi-arch tunnels have lining cracks and water leakage, and some are very serious. They bring difficulty for operation of the tunnels and damage their appearance. In this work, we have conducted mechanical study for the key blocks and treatment to the crack on the vault lining in a multi-arck tunnel that is completed but not put into operation. We found that the reasous for crack and leakage are deformation of the key blocks and long-period displacement, which cannot be detected by tunnel excavation. Because the block destroyed natural state of equilibrium during construction, the water proof board and lining were damaged after a period of self-stability recovery, so that causing hazards in the tunnel. We call this block the hidden key block and suggest the corresponding measures.
引文
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[17] 彭丽敏,刘小兵.交通隧道工程[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2003． Peng L M, Liu X B. Traffic tunnel project(in Chinese) [M].Changsha : Central South University Press, 2003．
[2] 程辉,底青云,李帝铨.频率信号激励下岩石电性参数研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,23(3) :918～925． Cheng H, Di Q Y, Li D Q. Frequency signal incentive electrical parameters of rock under study [J]. Geophysics Progress, 2010,23 (3) :918～925．
[3] 孙淑琴,赵义平,林君,等.用地面核磁共振方法评估含水层涌水量的实例[J].地球物理学进展,2009,23(4) :1317～1321． Sun S Q, Zhao Y P, Lin J, et al. With the nuclear magnetic resonance method evaluate aquifer waterinflow of examples [J]. J. Geophysics Progress, 2009,23(4) :1317～1321．
[4] 王齐仁,杨天春.隧道地质灾害超前预报的地震反射法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :643～649． Wang Q R, Yang T C. The seismic reflection method predicting tunnel geological hazards [J]. Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2) :643～649．
[5] 肖宽怀,刘浩,孙宇,等.地震CT勘探在昆石公路隧道病害诊断中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3) :472～476． Xiao K H, Liu H, Sun Y, et al. Seismic tomography used to examine geological hazarding the tunnels of Kunming-Shilin highway [J]. Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3) :472～476．
[6] 刘新荣,祝云华,陈金华,等.高压富水区隧道超前地质预报应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1304～1309． Liu X R, Zhu Y H, Chen J H, et al. Research on the application of advanced geological prediction to the high pressure and rich water in tunnels [J]. Progress In Geophysics,2008,23(4) :1304～1309．
[7] 怀超.关键块体理论在高速公路连拱隧道围岩稳定性分析中的应用[D].西安长安大学,2005． Huai C. Application of block theory in the analysis of surrounding rock mass stability in arch-tunnel of expressway master's thesis[D]. Xi'an Chang'an University, 2005．
[8] 陈乃明,刘宝深.块体理论的发展[J].矿冶工程,1993,13(4) :15～18． Chen N M, Liu B S. Block development of the theory [J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering (in Chinese), 1993,13 (4) : 15～18．
[9] 盛谦,黄正加,邬爱清.三峡工程地下厂房随机块体稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6) :747～749． Sheng Q, Huang Z J, Wu A Q. Three Gorges underground power house random block stability analysis [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese), 2002,23(6) : 747～749．
[10] 许强,黄润秋,能攀,等.边坡岩体块体稳定性分析系统的开发与研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(4) :408～413． Xu Q,Huang R Q,Ju N P, et al. Development and study of stability analysis system of slope blocks [J]. Journal of Engineering Geology (in Chinese), 2001, 9(4) :408～413．
[11] 谢哗,刘军,李仲伞,等.在大型地下开挖中围岩块体稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2) . Xie Y, Liu J, Li Z K, et at. Stability analyses of block in surrounding rock mass of large underground excavate [J]. Chinese Journal of Pock Mechanics and Engineering (in Chinese), 2006, 25(2) :306～311．
[12] 张子新,孙钧.块体理论赤平解析法及其在硐室稳定分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12) :1756～1760． Zhang Z X, Sun J. Stereo analytic method for block theory and its application in stability analysis of a cave [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (in Chinese), 2002, 21(12) :1756～1760．
[13] Un wedge User's guide 3D visualization of potentially unstable in the surrounding underground excavation and calculation of factors of safety and support requirements for thesewedges, 1992～ 1999 roc science.
[14] Kuszmaul J S, Goodman R E. An analytical model for estimating key block sizes in excavation jointed rock masses [A]. In: Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses [C]. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1995,19～26．
[15] 姚振凯,黄运平,彭立敏.公路连拱隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005,6． Yao Z K, Huang Y P, Peng L M. Highway multi-arch tunnel engineering (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: People's Communications Press, 2005,6．
[16] 李治国,张玉军.衬砌开裂隧道的稳定性分析及治理技术[J].现代隧道技术,2004,(1) :26～31． Li Z G, Zhang Y J. Lining the tunnel cracking Stability Analysis and Control Technology (in Chinese) [J]. Modern Tunneling Technology, 2004, (1) :26 ～31．
[17] 彭丽敏,刘小兵.交通隧道工程[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2003． Peng L M, Liu X B. Traffic tunnel project(in Chinese) [M].Changsha : Central South University Press, 2003．
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