燃气管道地震紧急处置装置设计和示范应用
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摘要
震后火灾是破坏性地震发生后城市面对的主要危害之一。对于城市中燃气管网,建立地震紧急处置系统尤为重要。在日本、美国和我国的台湾地区,均因城市天然气管网建立了紧急处置系统而取得了减轻地震次生火灾的实效。我国是多地震的国家,随着管道燃气的日益普及,地震紧急处置设施非常重要。本文采用美国Northridge2000小型地震燃气阀,结合所设计的一种燃气管道地震紧急处置装置,在昆明市区,分别用于4户民居小管径燃气管道和一个大管径燃气管道,开展燃气管道的地震紧急处置示范应用。进行的人工触发试验显示,紧急处置装置响应与预期的一致,但还需实际地震的检验。本文介绍了燃气管道地震紧急处置的设计和示范应用情况,并对我国开展相关工作需要解决的问题进行了讨论。
Post-earthquake fire is one of the major hazards faced by a city after the devastating earthquake.For the city gas pipeline network,it is especially important to establish an earthquake emergency handling system.Emergency handling systems for urban gas pipe network in Japan,the United States and China's Taiwan region have reduced the effectiveness of the earthquake fire.With the growing popularity of the gas pipeline,it is also very important to apply the earthquake emergency handling facilities in China that is also an earthquake prone zone.In this article,the Northridge2000,a small earthquake gas valves made in U.S.A,and a gas pipeline earthquake emergency handling device designed by us are applied,respectively,on small diameter gas pipeline of the four houses and a large diameter gas pipeline in Kunming to demonstrate earthquake emergency handling of gas pipeline.Some artificial triggering tests have been carried out and showed that the response of the emergency handling device is consistent with the expectation,but the inspection of the actual earthquake is needed to confirm the performance of devices.This article describes the design and demonstration application of a gas pipeline earthquake emergency handling,and discusses some problems needed to be resolved in China to carry out related work.
Post-earthquake fire is one of the major hazards faced by a city after the devastating earthquake.For the city gas pipeline network,it is especially important to establish an earthquake emergency handling system.Emergency handling systems for urban gas pipe network in Japan,the United States and China's Taiwan region have reduced the effectiveness of the earthquake fire.With the growing popularity of the gas pipeline,it is also very important to apply the earthquake emergency handling facilities in China that is also an earthquake prone zone.In this article,the Northridge2000,a small earthquake gas valves made in U.S.A,and a gas pipeline earthquake emergency handling device designed by us are applied,respectively,on small diameter gas pipeline of the four houses and a large diameter gas pipeline in Kunming to demonstrate earthquake emergency handling of gas pipeline.Some artificial triggering tests have been carried out and showed that the response of the emergency handling device is consistent with the expectation,but the inspection of the actual earthquake is needed to confirm the performance of devices.This article describes the design and demonstration application of a gas pipeline earthquake emergency handling,and discusses some problems needed to be resolved in China to carry out related work.
引文
郭恩栋、李山有、赵振东等,2005.燃气供应网络地震紧急处置系统初探,世界地震工程,21(2),44～47。
孟于飞、郭恩栋、刘红丽,2010,城市燃气管网的地震紧急处置系统研究,灾害学,25(增刊),223～226,235。
杨学山、刘华泰、杨立志,2009,一种自动地震煤气关闭阀门的设计,灾害学,24(3),121～123。
中国地震局,2008,中国地震烈度表(GB/T17742—2008),北京:标准出版社。
Anderson S J,1998,The kobe earthquake of1995.http://warnercnr.colostate.edu/avprojects/98proj/world_volc/web_docs/kobe.html.
ASCE-25Task Committee on Earthquake Safety Issues for Gas Systems,2002,Improving natural gas safety in earthquakes,published by California Seismic Safety Commission,Report SSC-02-03.
Boore D M,Joyner W B,Fumal T E,1997,Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak accelerations fromWestern North American Earthquakes:A Summary of Recent Work,Seism Res Lett,68,128～153.
Kurzman D,2001,Disaster!The great San Francisco earthquake and fire of1906.New York:William Morrow.
Honegger,D G,1991,Evaluation of automatic earthquake shutoff valve performance and recommendations for future U.S.Standards.3rd U.S.National Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,August,22～23.
James C D,2002,The1923great Kanto earthquake and fire.http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf.
Jones E C,1906,The story of the restoration of the gas supply in San Francisco after the fire,in Proceedings of the FourteenthAnnual Convention of the Pacific Coast Gas Association,San Francisco,350～364.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company,1994,Capabilities of gas valves for seismic safety,in minutes of the workshop on seismic safetyof natural gas systems,California Seismic Safety Commission and the Public Utilities Commission's Utilities Safety Branch,LosAngeles.
Shimizu Y,Koganemaru K,Yamazaki F,et al,2000a,Seismic motion observed in taipei basin by New SI sensors and ItsImplication to seismic zoning.Proceedings of the6th International Conference on Seismic Zonation,497～502.
Shimizu Y,Watanabe A,Koganemaru K,et al,2000b,Super high-density realtime disaster mitigation system,12th WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering.
Shimizu Y,Yamazaki F,Isoyama R,et al,2004,Development of realtime disaster mitigation system for urban gas supply network.13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Paper No.157.2.
孟于飞、郭恩栋、刘红丽,2010,城市燃气管网的地震紧急处置系统研究,灾害学,25(增刊),223～226,235。
杨学山、刘华泰、杨立志,2009,一种自动地震煤气关闭阀门的设计,灾害学,24(3),121～123。
中国地震局,2008,中国地震烈度表(GB/T17742—2008),北京:标准出版社。
Anderson S J,1998,The kobe earthquake of1995.http://warnercnr.colostate.edu/avprojects/98proj/world_volc/web_docs/kobe.html.
ASCE-25Task Committee on Earthquake Safety Issues for Gas Systems,2002,Improving natural gas safety in earthquakes,published by California Seismic Safety Commission,Report SSC-02-03.
Boore D M,Joyner W B,Fumal T E,1997,Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak accelerations fromWestern North American Earthquakes:A Summary of Recent Work,Seism Res Lett,68,128～153.
Kurzman D,2001,Disaster!The great San Francisco earthquake and fire of1906.New York:William Morrow.
Honegger,D G,1991,Evaluation of automatic earthquake shutoff valve performance and recommendations for future U.S.Standards.3rd U.S.National Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,August,22～23.
James C D,2002,The1923great Kanto earthquake and fire.http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf.
Jones E C,1906,The story of the restoration of the gas supply in San Francisco after the fire,in Proceedings of the FourteenthAnnual Convention of the Pacific Coast Gas Association,San Francisco,350～364.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company,1994,Capabilities of gas valves for seismic safety,in minutes of the workshop on seismic safetyof natural gas systems,California Seismic Safety Commission and the Public Utilities Commission's Utilities Safety Branch,LosAngeles.
Shimizu Y,Koganemaru K,Yamazaki F,et al,2000a,Seismic motion observed in taipei basin by New SI sensors and ItsImplication to seismic zoning.Proceedings of the6th International Conference on Seismic Zonation,497～502.
Shimizu Y,Watanabe A,Koganemaru K,et al,2000b,Super high-density realtime disaster mitigation system,12th WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering.
Shimizu Y,Yamazaki F,Isoyama R,et al,2004,Development of realtime disaster mitigation system for urban gas supply network.13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Paper No.157.2.
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