帕隆藏布流域堆积体边坡的工程地质特征及稳定性评价
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摘要
位于藏东南的帕隆藏布流域,处在东喜马拉雅构造结的北缘,是新构造强烈隆升区,断层、褶皱等地质构造发育。在青藏高原隆升及气候变化等内外动力作用下,研究区内堆积体分布广泛,具有独特的工程地质特征并成为该区内地质灾害的主要物源。由于河流的下切及川藏公路的修建,形成了许多高陡的堆积体边坡,以冰碛边坡最为典型。由于其特殊的物源特征及形成过程,冰碛物具有粒度分布范围广、粗粒含量多等与其他沉积物不同的粒度特征。冰碛物粒度分布范围广的特征,导致随着研究尺度的不同,其结构特征也不相同,具有明显的尺度效应。冰碛土的力学强度一般强于其他堆积体,但受不同粒径颗粒的含量及分布、形成时代的影响,其力学特征也有所差异。作者对川藏公路沿线部分典型的剖面进行了量测,所量测的剖面虽然只是整个斜坡的一部分,与经验数据相比,仍表现出高陡的特征,而且很多边坡在既高且陡的形态下仍能保持稳定。本文以极限平衡理论为基础,采用多种方法对这类边坡的稳定性进行计算分析,求出边坡的安全系数。考虑各种地震烈度下边坡的稳定性,得出这些边坡的安全系数与地震加速度具有严格的指数相关关系。
The Ranwu to Lulang section of Sichuan-Tibet highway locates in Palong River drainage area,north edge of eastern Himalayan structure junction.The tectonic activities are so strong that a large number of faults and folds are formed in the area.Under coupling of the endogenic and exogenic geological processes,there are many loose Quaternary deposits,and they are the main carrier of most geological hazards.Under the river cutting and construction of Sichuan-Tibet highway,many slopes are formed,especially moraine slopes.The particle size characteristic of moraine is different with other sediments,because of the particles distribution from clay to gravel and more coarse particles.The structure and mechanical features of the slopes are also different with other slopes because of particle size characteristics,and they are varied with the size scale.At the same time,the mechanical feature is affected by content and distribution of the different particles and age of moraine.This paper presents the surveyed results of some typical moraine slopes along the highway.A laser profiler and a total station were used in the topographical survey.It is obvious that the slopes are high and steep,but they are stable.Based on the limit equilibrium theory,themoraine high slopes are analyzed for their stabilities.And Different methods are used to analyze the stability of the slopes in natural state.At last,the stabilities of the slopes are estimated wuth the effect of earthquake.
The Ranwu to Lulang section of Sichuan-Tibet highway locates in Palong River drainage area,north edge of eastern Himalayan structure junction.The tectonic activities are so strong that a large number of faults and folds are formed in the area.Under coupling of the endogenic and exogenic geological processes,there are many loose Quaternary deposits,and they are the main carrier of most geological hazards.Under the river cutting and construction of Sichuan-Tibet highway,many slopes are formed,especially moraine slopes.The particle size characteristic of moraine is different with other sediments,because of the particles distribution from clay to gravel and more coarse particles.The structure and mechanical features of the slopes are also different with other slopes because of particle size characteristics,and they are varied with the size scale.At the same time,the mechanical feature is affected by content and distribution of the different particles and age of moraine.This paper presents the surveyed results of some typical moraine slopes along the highway.A laser profiler and a total station were used in the topographical survey.It is obvious that the slopes are high and steep,but they are stable.Based on the limit equilibrium theory,themoraine high slopes are analyzed for their stabilities.And Different methods are used to analyze the stability of the slopes in natural state.At last,the stabilities of the slopes are estimated wuth the effect of earthquake.
引文
[1]中国科学院-水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,西藏自治区交通科学研究所.川藏公路南线(西藏境内)山地灾害及防治对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,the Chinese Acad-emy of Sciences and Water Conservancy Ministry,Chengdu,Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,Chinese Acade-my of Sciences and Institute of the Traffic Science,the Traffic De-partment of the Tibet Autonomous Region.Mountain hazards andpreventive countermeasures along Sichuan-Tibet Highway(Ti-bet).Beijing:Science Press,1995.
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[3]刘焰,Wolfgang SIEBEL,王猛.东喜马拉雅构造结陆内变形过程的研究[J].地质学报,2006,80(9):1274~1284.Liu Yan,Wolfgang SIEBEL,Wang Meng.Intracontinental de-formed processes of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.Acta Geologi-ca Sinica,2006,80(9):1274~1284.
[4]钟大赉,丁林.东喜马拉雅构造结变形与运动学研究取得重要进展[J].中国科学基金,1996,10(1):52~53.Zhong Dalai,etal.Remarkable progresses in studyon deformat1on andkinematics of the Eastren Himalayan Tectonic Syntaxis.Bulletin of Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China,1996,10(1):52~53.
[5]王二七,B.C.Burchfiel,季建清.喜马拉雅构造结新生代地壳缩短量的估算及其地质依据[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(1):1~9.Wang Erqi,B.C.Burchfiel,Ji Jianqing.Evidence and estimationof cenozoic crustal shortening across the Eastern Himalaya Syntax.Science in China(Series D),2001,31(1):1~9.
[6]韩同林.西藏活动构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.Han Tonglin.Activities construction in Tibet.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1987.
[7]时振梁,环文林,卢寿德,等.中亚、东亚大陆地震活动特征[J].中国科学(B辑),1982,12(9):840~849.Shi Zhenliang,Huan Wenlin,Lu Shoude,etc.Earthquake activi-ty characteristics in Central and East Asia.Science in China(Se-ries B),1982,12(9):840~849.
[8]http://data.earthquake.cn/data/index.jsp?no=11&number=4.
[9]孙凤环,王培清.藏东南地区地热资源浅析.中国农村水利水电(农田水利与小水电),1998,(1):38~40.Sun Fenghuan,et al.Analysis of geothermal resources in SoutheastTibet.China Rural Water and Hydropower,1998,(1):38~40.
[10]佟伟,廖志杰,刘时彬,等.西藏温泉志[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.Tong Wei,Liao Zhijie,Liu Shibin,etc.Tibet Chi Spa.Beijing:Science Press,2000.
[11]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,西藏自治区交通科学研究所.川藏公路典型山地灾害研究[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,the Chinese A-cademy of Sciences and Water Conservancy Ministry,Chengduand Institute of the Traffic Science,the Traffic Department of theTibet Autonomous Region.Astudy of typical mountain hazards a-long Sichuan-Tibet Highway.Chengdu:Chengdu University ofScience and Technology Press,1999.
[12]唐永仪.天山南木扎尔特谷地古沉积物沉积相分析[J].冰川冻土,1980,(增刊):83~86.Tang Yongyi.Analysis of ancient sediments in Zhaerte Valley atSouth of Tianshan.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1980,(Sup):83~86.
[13]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册(第四版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.Editorial Board of《Geological Engineering Manual》.Geologicalengineering manual(Fourth Edition).Beijing:China Architec-ture&Building Press,2006.
[14]油新华.土石混合体的随机结构模型及其应用研究[D].北方交通大学博士学位论文,2001.You Xinhua.Stochastic structural model of the earth-rock ag-gregate and its application.Beijing Jiaotong University,2001.
[15]廖秋林,等.川藏公路102滑坡滑动带力学参数的反分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4119~4123.Liao Qiulin,Yang Zhifa,Shang Yanjun,etc.Back analysis ofslip surface of the 102 landslide on Sichuan-Tibet Highway.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4119~4123.
[16]张萍,田斌.滑坡稳定性评价研究进展[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(3):254~257.Zhang Ping,Tian Bin.Research advance of evaluation of land-slide stability.Journal of China Three Gorges University(NaturalSciences),2004,26(3):254~257.
[17]张春,笪盍.诸极限平衡方法安全系数概率计算与分析.沈阳黄金学院学报,1991,10(1):7~10.Zhang Chun,Da He.Probabilistic calculation and analysis of safetyfactors got from some limited equilibrium analysis methods.Journalof Shenyang Institute of Gold Technology,1991,10(1):7~10.
[18]张明,胡瑞林.金沙江下咱日堆积体的成因和稳定性初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):445~449.Zhang Ming,Hu Ruilin.Preliminary analysis of formation mechanismand stability of an accumulation body at Xiazanri above Liyuan waterhydropower station on Jinsha River.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):445~449.
[2]中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.青藏高原地质构造[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Team for Qinghai-TibetPlateau,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Geological structure ofQinghai-Tibet Plateau.Beijing:Science Press,1982.
[3]刘焰,Wolfgang SIEBEL,王猛.东喜马拉雅构造结陆内变形过程的研究[J].地质学报,2006,80(9):1274~1284.Liu Yan,Wolfgang SIEBEL,Wang Meng.Intracontinental de-formed processes of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.Acta Geologi-ca Sinica,2006,80(9):1274~1284.
[4]钟大赉,丁林.东喜马拉雅构造结变形与运动学研究取得重要进展[J].中国科学基金,1996,10(1):52~53.Zhong Dalai,etal.Remarkable progresses in studyon deformat1on andkinematics of the Eastren Himalayan Tectonic Syntaxis.Bulletin of Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China,1996,10(1):52~53.
[5]王二七,B.C.Burchfiel,季建清.喜马拉雅构造结新生代地壳缩短量的估算及其地质依据[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(1):1~9.Wang Erqi,B.C.Burchfiel,Ji Jianqing.Evidence and estimationof cenozoic crustal shortening across the Eastern Himalaya Syntax.Science in China(Series D),2001,31(1):1~9.
[6]韩同林.西藏活动构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.Han Tonglin.Activities construction in Tibet.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1987.
[7]时振梁,环文林,卢寿德,等.中亚、东亚大陆地震活动特征[J].中国科学(B辑),1982,12(9):840~849.Shi Zhenliang,Huan Wenlin,Lu Shoude,etc.Earthquake activi-ty characteristics in Central and East Asia.Science in China(Se-ries B),1982,12(9):840~849.
[8]http://data.earthquake.cn/data/index.jsp?no=11&number=4.
[9]孙凤环,王培清.藏东南地区地热资源浅析.中国农村水利水电(农田水利与小水电),1998,(1):38~40.Sun Fenghuan,et al.Analysis of geothermal resources in SoutheastTibet.China Rural Water and Hydropower,1998,(1):38~40.
[10]佟伟,廖志杰,刘时彬,等.西藏温泉志[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.Tong Wei,Liao Zhijie,Liu Shibin,etc.Tibet Chi Spa.Beijing:Science Press,2000.
[11]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,西藏自治区交通科学研究所.川藏公路典型山地灾害研究[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,the Chinese A-cademy of Sciences and Water Conservancy Ministry,Chengduand Institute of the Traffic Science,the Traffic Department of theTibet Autonomous Region.Astudy of typical mountain hazards a-long Sichuan-Tibet Highway.Chengdu:Chengdu University ofScience and Technology Press,1999.
[12]唐永仪.天山南木扎尔特谷地古沉积物沉积相分析[J].冰川冻土,1980,(增刊):83~86.Tang Yongyi.Analysis of ancient sediments in Zhaerte Valley atSouth of Tianshan.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1980,(Sup):83~86.
[13]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册(第四版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.Editorial Board of《Geological Engineering Manual》.Geologicalengineering manual(Fourth Edition).Beijing:China Architec-ture&Building Press,2006.
[14]油新华.土石混合体的随机结构模型及其应用研究[D].北方交通大学博士学位论文,2001.You Xinhua.Stochastic structural model of the earth-rock ag-gregate and its application.Beijing Jiaotong University,2001.
[15]廖秋林,等.川藏公路102滑坡滑动带力学参数的反分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4119~4123.Liao Qiulin,Yang Zhifa,Shang Yanjun,etc.Back analysis ofslip surface of the 102 landslide on Sichuan-Tibet Highway.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4119~4123.
[16]张萍,田斌.滑坡稳定性评价研究进展[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(3):254~257.Zhang Ping,Tian Bin.Research advance of evaluation of land-slide stability.Journal of China Three Gorges University(NaturalSciences),2004,26(3):254~257.
[17]张春,笪盍.诸极限平衡方法安全系数概率计算与分析.沈阳黄金学院学报,1991,10(1):7~10.Zhang Chun,Da He.Probabilistic calculation and analysis of safetyfactors got from some limited equilibrium analysis methods.Journalof Shenyang Institute of Gold Technology,1991,10(1):7~10.
[18]张明,胡瑞林.金沙江下咱日堆积体的成因和稳定性初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):445~449.Zhang Ming,Hu Ruilin.Preliminary analysis of formation mechanismand stability of an accumulation body at Xiazanri above Liyuan waterhydropower station on Jinsha River.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):445~449.
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