基于层次分析法的隧道综合地质预报优化
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摘要
隧道综合地质预报是解决隧道施工期地质问题、降低施工风险的一项重要技术手段。鉴于目前综合预报多为简单的数量上的综合,为更加有效地利用综合预报技术,首先归纳地质分析辨识常见不良地质体的方法,通过地质分析法初步判定隧道掌子面前方可能存在的地质异常,并结合层次分析法的基本思路,将影响预报手段的指标量化,即赋予预报方法权重,建立二级综合评价指标体系,研究不同预报方法对特定工程地质条件的适用性,以选择几种最优预报方法。主要研究结论如下:利用地质分析法定性、层次分析法定量的方法优选预报手段,减少了综合超前地质预报中物探手段选择的随意性,并据此建立综合预报体系。最后将该体系应用于紫荆山隧道F2断层的预报中,成功预报了ZK221+960处地下暗河,避免了施工事故的发生,取得了一定的经济效益,证明了通过层次分析法来优化综合预报方法的可行性。
As an important technological measure,comprehensive prediction in geology can solve many engineering geological problems and reduce the risk of construction in tunneling.But present comprehensive prediction is simply focused on quantity.In order to make comprehensive prediction more effective,a method to identify common adverse geological body is generalized by geo-analysis.Geological defect that may exist in front of face is preliminary determined by this method.Based on the principles of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),factors that effect prediction measures are quantified,and the weight is given to each of them.Then two levels comprehensive appraisal index system are established.All of them is to research the suitability of different prediction methods in a particular engineering geological condition,and to optimize the best ones.The main results are as fallows.Prediction methods are optimized by geo-analysis method and AHP,which are used for qualitative and quantitative respectively.Arbitrary of choosing geophysical exploration measures is eliminated in the comprehensive prediction.The comprehensive forecast technical system is established.Aiming at the F2 Fault of Zijinshan Tunnel,a karst river is predicted successfully at ZK221+960 by using this system.It's verified that the AHP based comprehensive prediction is practicality and feasibility.
As an important technological measure,comprehensive prediction in geology can solve many engineering geological problems and reduce the risk of construction in tunneling.But present comprehensive prediction is simply focused on quantity.In order to make comprehensive prediction more effective,a method to identify common adverse geological body is generalized by geo-analysis.Geological defect that may exist in front of face is preliminary determined by this method.Based on the principles of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),factors that effect prediction measures are quantified,and the weight is given to each of them.Then two levels comprehensive appraisal index system are established.All of them is to research the suitability of different prediction methods in a particular engineering geological condition,and to optimize the best ones.The main results are as fallows.Prediction methods are optimized by geo-analysis method and AHP,which are used for qualitative and quantitative respectively.Arbitrary of choosing geophysical exploration measures is eliminated in the comprehensive prediction.The comprehensive forecast technical system is established.Aiming at the F2 Fault of Zijinshan Tunnel,a karst river is predicted successfully at ZK221+960 by using this system.It's verified that the AHP based comprehensive prediction is practicality and feasibility.
引文
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[10]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘察,2004,(1):7~9,18.Wang Mengshu.Hydrologic and geological forecast of tunnel con-struction in the karst district.Railway Investigation and Survey-ing,2004,(1):7~9,18.
[11]朱劲,李天斌,李永林,等.Beam超前地质预报技术在铜锣山隧道中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(2):258~262.Zhu Jin,Li Tianbin,Li Yonglin,et al.Application of an electricalmethod“BEAM”for advanced geological exploration to tunnelingin Tongluowan Mountains for Dian-Lin highway.Journal of Engi-neering Geology,2007,15(2):258~262.
[12]丁恩保,凌荣华,马继平.隧道工程地质预报方法探讨[J].工程地质学报,1995,1(3):28~34.Ding Enbao,Ling Ronghua,Ma Jiping.Discussion on tunnel engi-neering geological prediction methods.Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,1995,1(3):28~34.
[13]许建聪,王余富.水下隧道裂隙围岩渗流控制因素敏感性层次分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6):1719~1725.Xu Jiancong,Wang Yufu.Analytic hierarchy process of factor sen-sitivity on seepage control of underwater tunnel fissured surround-ing rock.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(6):1719~1725.
[2]李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,等.高风险岩溶地区隧道施工地质灾害综合预报预警关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1297~1307.Li Shucai,Xue Yiguo,Zhang Qingsong,et al.Key technology studyon comprehensive prediction and early-warning of geological haz-ards during tunnel construction in high-risk karst areas.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1297~1307.
[3]刘斌,李术才,李树忱,等.隧道含水构造直流电阻率法超前探测研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3093~3101.Liu Bin,Li Shucai,Li Shuchen,et al.Study of advanced detectionof water-bearing geological structures with Dc resistivity method.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3093~3101.
[4]张庆松,李术才,孙克国,等.公路隧道超前地质预报应用现状与技术分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):766~771.Zhang Qingsong,Li Shucai,Sun Keguo,et al.Analysis and presentstate of advanced geological forecast technology of highway tunnel.Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(4):766~771.
[5]原小帅,张庆松,许振浩,等.TSP超前地质预报异常地震波信号[J].山东大学学报:工学版,2009,39(4):53~56.Yuan Xiaoshuai,Zhang Qingsong,Xu Zhenhao,et al.Abnormalseismic signals in the Tsp advanced geological prediction.Journalof Shandong University:Engineering Science,2009,39(4):53~56.
[6]曲海锋,刘志刚,朱合华.隧道信息化施工中综合超前地质预报技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1246~1251.Qu Haifeng,Liu Zhigang,Zhu Hehua.Technique of synthetic geo-logic prediction ahead in tunnel informational construction.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1246~1251.
[7]张晓.齐岳山隧道岩溶超前预报及综合集成系统研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2008.Zhang Xiao.The advanced forecast of karst and the research of in-tegrated system in Qiyueshan tunnel[M.S.D][D].Beijing:Bei-jing Jiaotong University,2008.
[8]李天斌,孟陆波,朱劲,等.隧道超前地质预报综合分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2429~2436.Li Tianbin,Meng Lubo,Zhu Jin,et al.Comprehensive analysismethod for advanced forecast of geology in tunnels.Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2429~2436.
[9]Andisheh Alimoradi,Ali Moradzadeh,Reza Naderi,Mojtaba ZadSalehi and Afshin Etemadi.Prediction of geological hazardouszones in front of a tunnel face using TSP-203and artificial neuralnetworks.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(6):711~717.
[10]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘察,2004,(1):7~9,18.Wang Mengshu.Hydrologic and geological forecast of tunnel con-struction in the karst district.Railway Investigation and Survey-ing,2004,(1):7~9,18.
[11]朱劲,李天斌,李永林,等.Beam超前地质预报技术在铜锣山隧道中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(2):258~262.Zhu Jin,Li Tianbin,Li Yonglin,et al.Application of an electricalmethod“BEAM”for advanced geological exploration to tunnelingin Tongluowan Mountains for Dian-Lin highway.Journal of Engi-neering Geology,2007,15(2):258~262.
[12]丁恩保,凌荣华,马继平.隧道工程地质预报方法探讨[J].工程地质学报,1995,1(3):28~34.Ding Enbao,Ling Ronghua,Ma Jiping.Discussion on tunnel engi-neering geological prediction methods.Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,1995,1(3):28~34.
[13]许建聪,王余富.水下隧道裂隙围岩渗流控制因素敏感性层次分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6):1719~1725.Xu Jiancong,Wang Yufu.Analytic hierarchy process of factor sen-sitivity on seepage control of underwater tunnel fissured surround-ing rock.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(6):1719~1725.
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