隧道爆破振动影响因素的灰色关联分析
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摘要
为优化隧道爆破方案,降低爆破振动危害,采用灰色关联分析法(GRA)对爆破振动的影响因素进行分析。首先确定振动速度、主振频率和振动持续时间作为系统特征变量,确定总药量、最大段药量、掏槽孔最大段药量、雷管段数、爆心距、最小延期间隔时间、临空面数等作为相关因素变量;再结合厦门某隧道爆破实测数据,进行灰色关联计算;然后对计算结果进行排序和优势分析,得到爆破振动影响因素的主次顺序,其中准优因素为爆心距,可控准优因素为雷管段数和掏槽眼最大段药量;最后对隧道爆破参数进行优化,测点爆破振速由1.2 cm/s减小到0.74 cm/s,降振率达38.3%。结果表明,采用GRA确定爆破振动主要影响因素,为有效控制爆破振动提供理论依据。
In order to optimize the tunnel blasting program and reduce blast vibration damage,GRA method is used to analyze the blasting vibration factors.Firstly,the vibration velocity,main vibration frequency and vibration duration were selected as system characteristic variables.And the total explosive charge,the maximal segment charge,the maximal segment charge in cut hole,segment number,blast center distance,minimum delay interval time and free face number were selected as the related factor variables.Secondly,the grey relation calculation was done on the basis of a measured tunnel blasting data in Xiamen.By sorting and advantage analysis of the results,the order of the influence factors was got.The quasi-optimal fact was blast center distance and the controlled quasi-optimal facts were segment number and maximal segment charge in cut hole and ally.Finally the parameters of the tunnel blasting were optimized,the blasting velocity of measuring point was reduced from 1.2 cm/s to 0.74 cm/s,the lower vibration rate was 38.3%.The results show that the main factors affecting blasting vibration can be determined by GRA,which provides a theoretical basis for controlling the blasting vibration effectively.
In order to optimize the tunnel blasting program and reduce blast vibration damage,GRA method is used to analyze the blasting vibration factors.Firstly,the vibration velocity,main vibration frequency and vibration duration were selected as system characteristic variables.And the total explosive charge,the maximal segment charge,the maximal segment charge in cut hole,segment number,blast center distance,minimum delay interval time and free face number were selected as the related factor variables.Secondly,the grey relation calculation was done on the basis of a measured tunnel blasting data in Xiamen.By sorting and advantage analysis of the results,the order of the influence factors was got.The quasi-optimal fact was blast center distance and the controlled quasi-optimal facts were segment number and maximal segment charge in cut hole and ally.Finally the parameters of the tunnel blasting were optimized,the blasting velocity of measuring point was reduced from 1.2 cm/s to 0.74 cm/s,the lower vibration rate was 38.3%.The results show that the main factors affecting blasting vibration can be determined by GRA,which provides a theoretical basis for controlling the blasting vibration effectively.
引文
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[12]GB6722—2003.爆破安全规程[S].GB6722—2003.Rules of Explosion Safety[S].
[13]张奇,白春华,刘庆明.爆炸地振波频谱特性研究[J].北京理工大学报,1999,25(6):306-308.ZHANG Qi,BAI Chun-hua,LIU Qing-ming,Frequency spectrum characteristics of explosion earthquake wave[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,1999,25(6):306-308.
[14]李孝林.频率在爆破振害中的作用及其影响因素分析[J].工程爆破,2001,12(9):15-18.LI Xiao-lin.Role of frequency in harm of blasting vibration and analysis on its influence factors[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,12(9):15-18.
[15]迟明杰,赵成刚,杨小林,等.岩溶区隧道爆破开挖地震危害控制的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(9):68-71.CHI Ming-jie,ZHAO Cheng-gang,YANG Xiao-lin,et al.Study on controlling vibration hazard of tunnel cave blasting inKarst area[J].China Safety Science Journal,2004,14(9):68-71.
[16]许名标,彭德红.小湾边坡爆破开挖降震措施探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(10):4-8.XU Ming-biao,PENG De-hong.Discussion on measures for reducing blast vibration in Xiaowan slope excavation[J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(10):4-8.
[2]张华其,张松新,周华杰,等.爆破振动对周边建筑物的影响[J].爆破,2007,24(2):98-101.ZHANG Hua-qi,ZHANG Song-xin,ZHOU Hua-jie,et al.Influence of blasting vibration on nearby buildings[J].Blasting,2007,24(2):98-101.
[3]张光州,王德胜,丁剑锋.运用MATLAB对爆破震动数据的回归分析[J].山西建筑,2005(16):102-103.ZHANG Guang-zhou,WANG De-sheng,DING Jian-feng.The regressional analysis of blast vibration based onMATLAB[J].Shanxi Architecture,2005(16):102-103.
[4]许名标,彭德红,陈宝心.层次分析法在爆破方案优化选择中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004(4):118-120.XU Ming-biao,PENG De-hong,CHEN Bao-xin.Application of AHP in optimization choice of blasting program[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2004(4):118-120.
[5]贾俊平.统计学[M].北京:人民大学出版社,2008.JIA Jun-ping.Statistics[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2008.
[6]邓聚龙.灰理论基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.DENG Ju-long.Grey System Theory[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2002.
[7]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.DENG Ju-long.Basic Method of Grey System[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2005.
[8]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕,等.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.LIU Si-feng,DANG Yao-guo,FANG Zhi-geng,et al.Grey System Theory and Its Application[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2010.
[9]张继春,钮强,徐小荷.用灰关联分析方法确定影响岩体爆破质量的主要因素[J].爆破与冲击,1993,13(3):212-218.ZHANG Ji-chun,NIU Qiang,XU Xiao-he.Determination of principal factors affecting the quality of rock blasting withgrey correlation analysis[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1993,13(3):212-218.
[10]范孝锋,周传波,陈国平.爆破震动影响因素的灰关联分析[J].爆破,2005,22(2):100-103,105.FAN Xiao-feng,ZHOU Chuan-bo,CHEN Guo-ping.The influential factors of blasting vibration by grey correlation analy-sis[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):100-103,105.
[11]沈蔚,徐全军,黄文华,等.用灰关联分析法确定爆破震动参数的主要影响因素[J].工程爆破,2000,6(4):6-8,13.SHEN Wei,XU Quan-jun,HUANG Wen-hua,et al.Determination of main influencing factors on blasting vibrationparameters with grey correlation analysis[J].Engineering Blasting,2000,6(4):6-8,13.
[12]GB6722—2003.爆破安全规程[S].GB6722—2003.Rules of Explosion Safety[S].
[13]张奇,白春华,刘庆明.爆炸地振波频谱特性研究[J].北京理工大学报,1999,25(6):306-308.ZHANG Qi,BAI Chun-hua,LIU Qing-ming,Frequency spectrum characteristics of explosion earthquake wave[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,1999,25(6):306-308.
[14]李孝林.频率在爆破振害中的作用及其影响因素分析[J].工程爆破,2001,12(9):15-18.LI Xiao-lin.Role of frequency in harm of blasting vibration and analysis on its influence factors[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,12(9):15-18.
[15]迟明杰,赵成刚,杨小林,等.岩溶区隧道爆破开挖地震危害控制的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(9):68-71.CHI Ming-jie,ZHAO Cheng-gang,YANG Xiao-lin,et al.Study on controlling vibration hazard of tunnel cave blasting inKarst area[J].China Safety Science Journal,2004,14(9):68-71.
[16]许名标,彭德红.小湾边坡爆破开挖降震措施探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(10):4-8.XU Ming-biao,PENG De-hong.Discussion on measures for reducing blast vibration in Xiaowan slope excavation[J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(10):4-8.
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