基于全寿命周期成本分析的桥梁设计研究综述
|
摘要
为系统阐述全寿命周期成本分析的桥梁设计的研究现状,介绍了全寿命周期成本分析的研究背景、基本概念和原理,综述了寿命周期成本分析方法在桥梁结构全寿命设计方案决策的研究现状、关键技术和使用前景。总结国外全寿命周期成本基本理论体系,对全寿命周期成本模型和框架的研究进行了介绍,将两种最具代表性的模型进行了对比。归纳了近年国内桥梁全寿命周期成本的构成以及计算方法的研究概况,指出寿命周期成本主要由管理单位成本、用户成本和社会成本组成,分析了计算成本各组成部分中的困难,总结目前基于全寿命周期成本的桥梁设计中存在的问题。为基于全寿命周期成本的桥梁全寿命设计、维护、投资方案决策以及桥梁管理系统开发提供必要的研究背景。
In order to systematically expound the research situation of bridge design based on concept of life cycle cost(LCC) analysis,the research background,basic concept and principle of LCC analysis were introduced.The research status,the appropriate key technologies,and the prospects of LCC analysis for bridge design were illustrated.The study of basic theoretical system of LCC on board was summarized.The models of LCC and the study of framework were showed.The two most representative models were compared.The composition and calculation method of the bridge life cycle cost(BLCC) at home were introduced as well.LCC consists of per-unit cost of management,cost of users and social cost.The difficulties and obstacles encountered in calculation of the components were analyzed,and the existing problems in bridge design based on LCC were summarized.The study presented a necessary background for bridge design,maintenance,investment decision-making and the development of bridge management system based on LCC.
In order to systematically expound the research situation of bridge design based on concept of life cycle cost(LCC) analysis,the research background,basic concept and principle of LCC analysis were introduced.The research status,the appropriate key technologies,and the prospects of LCC analysis for bridge design were illustrated.The study of basic theoretical system of LCC on board was summarized.The models of LCC and the study of framework were showed.The two most representative models were compared.The composition and calculation method of the bridge life cycle cost(BLCC) at home were introduced as well.LCC consists of per-unit cost of management,cost of users and social cost.The difficulties and obstacles encountered in calculation of the components were analyzed,and the existing problems in bridge design based on LCC were summarized.The study presented a necessary background for bridge design,maintenance,investment decision-making and the development of bridge management system based on LCC.
引文
[1]SARJA A.Integrated Life Cycle Design of Structures[M].London and New York:Spon Press,2002:1-139.
[2]邵旭东,彭建新,晏班夫.桥梁全寿命设计方法框架性研究[J].公路,2006(1):44-49.SHAO Xudong PENG Jianxin YAN Banfu.FrameworkResearch on Design Method for Bridge Life Cycle[J].Highway,2006(1):44-49.
[3]张爱林.基于功能可靠度的结构全寿命设计理论研究综述[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(3):55-58.ZHANG Ailin.Reviews for the Research of PerformanceReliability-based Design Theory for the Whole ServiceLife of Structures[J].Journal of Beijing PolytechnicUniversity,2000 26(3):55-58.
[4]陈艾荣,马军海.桥梁全寿命设计方法及关键科学问题[C]//2005年全国公路科技青年论坛论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2005:168-184.CHEN Airong,MA Junhai.Design of the whole LifeBridge and the key scientific issues[C]//NationalYouth Forum on Sicence and Technology ProceedingsHighway,Beijing:China Communications Press,2005:168-184.
[5]叶文亚,李国平,范立础,等.预应力混凝土桥梁全寿命设计研究现状和展望[C]//上海市公路学会第7届年会学术论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2005:166-170.YE Wenya,LI Guooping,FAN Lichu,et al.The Sattusand Prospeets of Life Cycle Desigen of PrestressedConcrete Bridge[C]//The Senenth Anual Conference ofthe Shanghai Institue of Papers Set Road.Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2005:166-170.
[6]KONG J S,FRANGOPOL D M.Prediction of Reliabilityand Cost Profiles of Deteriorating Bridges under Time-andperformance-controlled Maintenance[J].Journal ofStructure Engineering,2004,130(12):1865-1874.
[7]JAWAD D.Life Cycle Cost Optimization for InfrastructureFacilities[D].NewJersey,USA:State University of NewJersey,2003.
[8]吴海军,陈艾荣.寿命周期成本分析方法在桥梁工程中的应用[J].公路,2004(12):33-38.WU Haijun;CHENAirong.Application of Life Cycle CostAnalysis Method to Bridge Structures[J].Highway,2004(12):33-38.
[9]FHWA.Life Cycle Cost Analysis Primer Office of AssetManagement,FHWA-IF-02-047[R].Washington,D.C.:FHWA,2002:608-618.
[10]FRANGOPOL D M,LIN K Y.Life-cycle Cost Design ofDeteriorating Structures[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,1997,123(10):139-140.
[11]FRANGOPOL D M.Life-cycle Cost Analysis for Bridge[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1999,66(6):210-236.
[12]FRANGOPOL D M,KONG J S.Evaluation of ExpectedLife-cycle Maintenance Cost of Deteriorating Structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2003,129(5):682-691.
[13]LIU Min,FRANGOPOL D M.Optimal BridgeMaintenance Planning Based on Probabilistic PerformancePrediction[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(7):991-1002.
[14]NOORTWIJK J M V,FRANGOPOL D M.TwoProbabilistic Life-cycle Maintenance Models forDeteriorating Civil Infrastructures[J].EngineeringMechanics,2004,19(4):345-359.
[15]KONG J S,FRANGOPOL D M.Probabilistic Optimizationof Aging Structures Considering Maintenance and FailureCosts[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,131(4):600-616.
[16]LIU Min,FRANGOPOL D M.Multiobjective MaintenancePlanning Optimization for Deteriorating Bridges ConsideringCondition,Safety,and Life-cycle Cost[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,2005,131(5):833-842.
[17]LIU Min,FRANGOPOL D M.Optimizing Bridge NetworkMaintenance Management under Uncertainty withConflicting Criteria:Life-cycle Maintenance,Failure,andUser Costs[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2006,132(11):1835-1845.
[18]OKASHA N M,FRANGOPOL D M.Lifetime-orientedMulti-objective Optimization of Structural MaintenanceConsidering System Reliability,Redundancy and Life-cycle Cost Using GA[J].Structural Safety,2009,31(6):460-474.
[19]Guide for Mechanistic-empirical Design[R].Washington,D.C.:NCHRP,2004.
[20]SINGH D,TIONG R L K.Development of Life CycleCosting Framework for Highway Bridges in Myanmar[J].International Journal of Project Management,2005(23):37-44.
[21]ORSHAN O.Life Cycle Cost:A Tool for ComparingBuilding Alternative[J].Journal of strueture Safety,1999,21(4):357-372.
[22]ASKO S.Integrated Life Cycle Design of Structures[M].London and New York:Spon Press,2002.
[23]KONG J S,FRANGOPOL D M.Life-cycle Reliability-based Maintenance Cost Optimization of DeterioratingStructures with Emphasis on Bridges[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,2003,129(6):818-828.
[24]KONG J S,FRANGOPOLD M.Cost-reliability Interactionin Life-cycle Cost Optimization of Deteriorating Structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(11):1704-1712.
[25]MORI Y,ELLINGWOOD R.Maintaining Reliability ofConcrete Structures.II:Optimum Inspection/Repair[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1994,120(3):846-862.
[26]CADY P D.Inflation and Highway Economics Analysis[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,1983,109(5):631-639.
[27]WENY K.Minimum Lifecycle Cost Design under MultipleHazards[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2001:223-231.
[28]VAN NOORTWIJK J M.Explicit Formulas for theVariance of Discounted Life-cycle Cost[J].ReliabilityEngineering&System Safety,2003,80(2):185-195.
[29]FRANGOPOL D M,KONG J S,GHARAIBEH E S.Reliability-based Life-cycle Management of HighwayBridges[J].Journal Computing in Civil Engineering,ASCE,2001,15(1):27-34.
[30]CHANDLER R F.Life-cycle Cost Model for Evaluating theSustainability of Bridge Decks[R].Ann Arbor,Michigan:University of Michigan,2004.
[31]王增忠.基于混凝土耐久性的建筑工程项目全寿命经济分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.WANG Zengzhong.Life-cycle Cost Analysis forConstruction Engineering Project Based on Durability ofConcrete[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
[32]郭卓明,胡勃,袁万城,范立础.桥梁抗震安全设防及重要性的效益-成本分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(2):155-159.GUO Zhuoming,HU Bo,YUAN Wancheng,et al.Benefit-cost Analysis of Aseismic Safety and Importance ofBridges[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural ScienceEdition,1999,27(2):155-159.
[33]陈艳艳,王光远.桥梁抗震加固经济可行性评估[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(1):18-22.CHEN Yanyan,WANG Guangyuan.Economic FeasibilityAnalyses of Bridge Aseismic Strengthening[J].WorldInformation on Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(1):18-22.
[34]黄侨,杨大伟,杨明.预应力混凝土桥梁的全寿命设计理念研究[C]//中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程分会2004年全国桥梁学术会议论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2004:922-925.HUANG Qiao,YANG Dawei,YANG Ming.Research onLife-cycle Cost Design Ideas for Prestressed ConcreteBridges[C]//Branch of Bridge and Structure,Societyof Highway of China.Proceedings of 2004 AcademicConference on Bridge,Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2004:922-925
[35]王福敏,吕庆丰,宋琼瑶.结合桥梁寿命周期成本论武隆乌江二桥旧桥改造方案的决策[J].公路交通技术,2005(1):84-86.WANG Fumin;L暤Qingfeng;SONG Qiongyao.Discussionon Selection and Decision of Old Bridge RebuildingSchemes for Wulong No.2 Wu River Bridge according toCost during Service Life of Bridges[J].Technocogy ofHighway and Transport,2005(1):84-86.
[36]刘小虎.桥梁加固方案选择及资金分配策略[D].大连:大连理工大学.2005.LIU Xiaohu.Selection of Bridges Strengthening Measuresand Funds Allocation Strategy[D].Dalian:DalianUniversity of Technology,2005.
[37]张克波,朱建华.基于价值工程与变权综合评价的服役桥梁维修加固方案决策[J].中外公路,2006,26(1):121-124.ZHANG Kebo,ZHU Jianhua.Strengthening Plan ofExisting Bridge Based the Value Engineering and SyntheticAssessment with Variable Weights[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2006,26(1):121-124.
[38]徐岳,武同乐.桥梁加固工程生命周期成本横向对比分析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2004,24(31):30-34.XU Yue;WU Tongle.Comparative Analysis of Life-cycleCost for Bridges Strengthening[J].Journal of Chang anUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2004,24(31):30-34.
[39]陈艾荣,马军海.基于全寿命的混凝土连续梁桥使用寿命研究[C]//第17届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2006:709-716.CHEN Airong,MA Junhai.Research on Life of thePrestressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridges Based onLife Cycle Analysis[C]//The 17th Proceedings of theNational Workshop on Bridge.Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2006:709-716.
[40]徐国平,刘明虎,耿爽.桥梁工程全寿命设计方法[J].公路,2007(10):1-4.XU Guoping,LIU Minghu,GEN Shuang.Life-cycle CostDesign for Bridge Engineering[J].Highway,2007(10):1-4.
[41]萧赓,景春光,宋新安.基于调查统计分析的干线公路荷载对桥梁全寿命成本的影响研究响研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(11):56-60XIAO Geng,JING Chunguang,SONG Xinan.Effect ofTraffic Load of Arterial Highway on Bridge Life Cycle CostBased on Traffic Survey[J].Journal of Highway andTransportation Research and Development.2010,27(11):56-60.
[42]高玲玲.桥梁全寿命周期成本分析[D].北京:北京工业大学,2008.GAO Lingling.Life-cycle Cost Analysis of Bridge[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2008.
[43]钟卿.基于全寿命周期成本的桥梁设计理论研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006.ZHONG Qing.Research on Bridge Design Based on Life-cycle Cost Analysis[D].Changsha:HunanUniversity,2006
[44]吴海军,陈艾荣.桥梁结构耐久性设计方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(3):57-61.WU Haijun;CHEN Airong.Study of Durability DesignMethod for Bridge Structures[J].China Journal ofHighway and Transport,2004,17(3):57-61.
[45]叶建仁.混凝土简支梁桥全寿命周期成本及计算模型研究[D].福州:福州大学,2010.YE Jianren.The Study on Life Cycle Cost(LCC)andCalculation Model of Simply Supported Concrete Bridges[D].Fuzhou:Fuzhou University.2010.
[46]马军海,陈艾荣,贺君.桥梁全寿命设计总体框架研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(8):1003-1007.MA Junhai,CHEN Airong,HE Jun.General Frameworkof Bridge Whole Life Design[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2007,35(8):1003-1007.
[47]STERZIN E D.Modeling Influencing Factors in aMicroscopic Traffic Simulator[D].Cambridge,USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2004.
[48]SCHORCH G T,FREUND U,SALZWEDEL H,et al.AHierarchical Object-oriented Global Traffic Model forSimulation of Mobile Satellite Communication Networks[C]//IEEE International Conference on Personal WirelessCommunications.Bombay,Indien:IEEE,1997:288-292.
[49]臧志刚,陆锋,李海峰,等.7种微观交通仿真系统的性能评价与比较研究[J].交通与计算机,2007,25(1):66-70.ZANG Zhigang,LU Feng,LI Haifeng,et al.Performance Evaluation and Comparison of SevenMicroscopic Transportation Simulation Systems[J].Computer and Communications,2007,25(1):66-70.
[2]邵旭东,彭建新,晏班夫.桥梁全寿命设计方法框架性研究[J].公路,2006(1):44-49.SHAO Xudong PENG Jianxin YAN Banfu.FrameworkResearch on Design Method for Bridge Life Cycle[J].Highway,2006(1):44-49.
[3]张爱林.基于功能可靠度的结构全寿命设计理论研究综述[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(3):55-58.ZHANG Ailin.Reviews for the Research of PerformanceReliability-based Design Theory for the Whole ServiceLife of Structures[J].Journal of Beijing PolytechnicUniversity,2000 26(3):55-58.
[4]陈艾荣,马军海.桥梁全寿命设计方法及关键科学问题[C]//2005年全国公路科技青年论坛论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2005:168-184.CHEN Airong,MA Junhai.Design of the whole LifeBridge and the key scientific issues[C]//NationalYouth Forum on Sicence and Technology ProceedingsHighway,Beijing:China Communications Press,2005:168-184.
[5]叶文亚,李国平,范立础,等.预应力混凝土桥梁全寿命设计研究现状和展望[C]//上海市公路学会第7届年会学术论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2005:166-170.YE Wenya,LI Guooping,FAN Lichu,et al.The Sattusand Prospeets of Life Cycle Desigen of PrestressedConcrete Bridge[C]//The Senenth Anual Conference ofthe Shanghai Institue of Papers Set Road.Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2005:166-170.
[6]KONG J S,FRANGOPOL D M.Prediction of Reliabilityand Cost Profiles of Deteriorating Bridges under Time-andperformance-controlled Maintenance[J].Journal ofStructure Engineering,2004,130(12):1865-1874.
[7]JAWAD D.Life Cycle Cost Optimization for InfrastructureFacilities[D].NewJersey,USA:State University of NewJersey,2003.
[8]吴海军,陈艾荣.寿命周期成本分析方法在桥梁工程中的应用[J].公路,2004(12):33-38.WU Haijun;CHENAirong.Application of Life Cycle CostAnalysis Method to Bridge Structures[J].Highway,2004(12):33-38.
[9]FHWA.Life Cycle Cost Analysis Primer Office of AssetManagement,FHWA-IF-02-047[R].Washington,D.C.:FHWA,2002:608-618.
[10]FRANGOPOL D M,LIN K Y.Life-cycle Cost Design ofDeteriorating Structures[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,1997,123(10):139-140.
[11]FRANGOPOL D M.Life-cycle Cost Analysis for Bridge[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1999,66(6):210-236.
[12]FRANGOPOL D M,KONG J S.Evaluation of ExpectedLife-cycle Maintenance Cost of Deteriorating Structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2003,129(5):682-691.
[13]LIU Min,FRANGOPOL D M.Optimal BridgeMaintenance Planning Based on Probabilistic PerformancePrediction[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(7):991-1002.
[14]NOORTWIJK J M V,FRANGOPOL D M.TwoProbabilistic Life-cycle Maintenance Models forDeteriorating Civil Infrastructures[J].EngineeringMechanics,2004,19(4):345-359.
[15]KONG J S,FRANGOPOL D M.Probabilistic Optimizationof Aging Structures Considering Maintenance and FailureCosts[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,131(4):600-616.
[16]LIU Min,FRANGOPOL D M.Multiobjective MaintenancePlanning Optimization for Deteriorating Bridges ConsideringCondition,Safety,and Life-cycle Cost[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,2005,131(5):833-842.
[17]LIU Min,FRANGOPOL D M.Optimizing Bridge NetworkMaintenance Management under Uncertainty withConflicting Criteria:Life-cycle Maintenance,Failure,andUser Costs[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2006,132(11):1835-1845.
[18]OKASHA N M,FRANGOPOL D M.Lifetime-orientedMulti-objective Optimization of Structural MaintenanceConsidering System Reliability,Redundancy and Life-cycle Cost Using GA[J].Structural Safety,2009,31(6):460-474.
[19]Guide for Mechanistic-empirical Design[R].Washington,D.C.:NCHRP,2004.
[20]SINGH D,TIONG R L K.Development of Life CycleCosting Framework for Highway Bridges in Myanmar[J].International Journal of Project Management,2005(23):37-44.
[21]ORSHAN O.Life Cycle Cost:A Tool for ComparingBuilding Alternative[J].Journal of strueture Safety,1999,21(4):357-372.
[22]ASKO S.Integrated Life Cycle Design of Structures[M].London and New York:Spon Press,2002.
[23]KONG J S,FRANGOPOL D M.Life-cycle Reliability-based Maintenance Cost Optimization of DeterioratingStructures with Emphasis on Bridges[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,2003,129(6):818-828.
[24]KONG J S,FRANGOPOLD M.Cost-reliability Interactionin Life-cycle Cost Optimization of Deteriorating Structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(11):1704-1712.
[25]MORI Y,ELLINGWOOD R.Maintaining Reliability ofConcrete Structures.II:Optimum Inspection/Repair[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1994,120(3):846-862.
[26]CADY P D.Inflation and Highway Economics Analysis[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,1983,109(5):631-639.
[27]WENY K.Minimum Lifecycle Cost Design under MultipleHazards[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2001:223-231.
[28]VAN NOORTWIJK J M.Explicit Formulas for theVariance of Discounted Life-cycle Cost[J].ReliabilityEngineering&System Safety,2003,80(2):185-195.
[29]FRANGOPOL D M,KONG J S,GHARAIBEH E S.Reliability-based Life-cycle Management of HighwayBridges[J].Journal Computing in Civil Engineering,ASCE,2001,15(1):27-34.
[30]CHANDLER R F.Life-cycle Cost Model for Evaluating theSustainability of Bridge Decks[R].Ann Arbor,Michigan:University of Michigan,2004.
[31]王增忠.基于混凝土耐久性的建筑工程项目全寿命经济分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.WANG Zengzhong.Life-cycle Cost Analysis forConstruction Engineering Project Based on Durability ofConcrete[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
[32]郭卓明,胡勃,袁万城,范立础.桥梁抗震安全设防及重要性的效益-成本分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(2):155-159.GUO Zhuoming,HU Bo,YUAN Wancheng,et al.Benefit-cost Analysis of Aseismic Safety and Importance ofBridges[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural ScienceEdition,1999,27(2):155-159.
[33]陈艳艳,王光远.桥梁抗震加固经济可行性评估[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(1):18-22.CHEN Yanyan,WANG Guangyuan.Economic FeasibilityAnalyses of Bridge Aseismic Strengthening[J].WorldInformation on Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(1):18-22.
[34]黄侨,杨大伟,杨明.预应力混凝土桥梁的全寿命设计理念研究[C]//中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程分会2004年全国桥梁学术会议论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2004:922-925.HUANG Qiao,YANG Dawei,YANG Ming.Research onLife-cycle Cost Design Ideas for Prestressed ConcreteBridges[C]//Branch of Bridge and Structure,Societyof Highway of China.Proceedings of 2004 AcademicConference on Bridge,Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2004:922-925
[35]王福敏,吕庆丰,宋琼瑶.结合桥梁寿命周期成本论武隆乌江二桥旧桥改造方案的决策[J].公路交通技术,2005(1):84-86.WANG Fumin;L暤Qingfeng;SONG Qiongyao.Discussionon Selection and Decision of Old Bridge RebuildingSchemes for Wulong No.2 Wu River Bridge according toCost during Service Life of Bridges[J].Technocogy ofHighway and Transport,2005(1):84-86.
[36]刘小虎.桥梁加固方案选择及资金分配策略[D].大连:大连理工大学.2005.LIU Xiaohu.Selection of Bridges Strengthening Measuresand Funds Allocation Strategy[D].Dalian:DalianUniversity of Technology,2005.
[37]张克波,朱建华.基于价值工程与变权综合评价的服役桥梁维修加固方案决策[J].中外公路,2006,26(1):121-124.ZHANG Kebo,ZHU Jianhua.Strengthening Plan ofExisting Bridge Based the Value Engineering and SyntheticAssessment with Variable Weights[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2006,26(1):121-124.
[38]徐岳,武同乐.桥梁加固工程生命周期成本横向对比分析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2004,24(31):30-34.XU Yue;WU Tongle.Comparative Analysis of Life-cycleCost for Bridges Strengthening[J].Journal of Chang anUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2004,24(31):30-34.
[39]陈艾荣,马军海.基于全寿命的混凝土连续梁桥使用寿命研究[C]//第17届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2006:709-716.CHEN Airong,MA Junhai.Research on Life of thePrestressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridges Based onLife Cycle Analysis[C]//The 17th Proceedings of theNational Workshop on Bridge.Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2006:709-716.
[40]徐国平,刘明虎,耿爽.桥梁工程全寿命设计方法[J].公路,2007(10):1-4.XU Guoping,LIU Minghu,GEN Shuang.Life-cycle CostDesign for Bridge Engineering[J].Highway,2007(10):1-4.
[41]萧赓,景春光,宋新安.基于调查统计分析的干线公路荷载对桥梁全寿命成本的影响研究响研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(11):56-60XIAO Geng,JING Chunguang,SONG Xinan.Effect ofTraffic Load of Arterial Highway on Bridge Life Cycle CostBased on Traffic Survey[J].Journal of Highway andTransportation Research and Development.2010,27(11):56-60.
[42]高玲玲.桥梁全寿命周期成本分析[D].北京:北京工业大学,2008.GAO Lingling.Life-cycle Cost Analysis of Bridge[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2008.
[43]钟卿.基于全寿命周期成本的桥梁设计理论研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006.ZHONG Qing.Research on Bridge Design Based on Life-cycle Cost Analysis[D].Changsha:HunanUniversity,2006
[44]吴海军,陈艾荣.桥梁结构耐久性设计方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(3):57-61.WU Haijun;CHEN Airong.Study of Durability DesignMethod for Bridge Structures[J].China Journal ofHighway and Transport,2004,17(3):57-61.
[45]叶建仁.混凝土简支梁桥全寿命周期成本及计算模型研究[D].福州:福州大学,2010.YE Jianren.The Study on Life Cycle Cost(LCC)andCalculation Model of Simply Supported Concrete Bridges[D].Fuzhou:Fuzhou University.2010.
[46]马军海,陈艾荣,贺君.桥梁全寿命设计总体框架研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(8):1003-1007.MA Junhai,CHEN Airong,HE Jun.General Frameworkof Bridge Whole Life Design[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2007,35(8):1003-1007.
[47]STERZIN E D.Modeling Influencing Factors in aMicroscopic Traffic Simulator[D].Cambridge,USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2004.
[48]SCHORCH G T,FREUND U,SALZWEDEL H,et al.AHierarchical Object-oriented Global Traffic Model forSimulation of Mobile Satellite Communication Networks[C]//IEEE International Conference on Personal WirelessCommunications.Bombay,Indien:IEEE,1997:288-292.
[49]臧志刚,陆锋,李海峰,等.7种微观交通仿真系统的性能评价与比较研究[J].交通与计算机,2007,25(1):66-70.ZANG Zhigang,LU Feng,LI Haifeng,et al.Performance Evaluation and Comparison of SevenMicroscopic Transportation Simulation Systems[J].Computer and Communications,2007,25(1):66-70.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心