轨道动力学模型与数值方法研究进展
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摘要
随着列车速度的提高和轴重的增加,车辆与轨道之间的相互作用更加激烈。深入开展轮轨动态作用机理研究,对高速重载铁路安全平稳运行具有重要意义。文章回顾了轨道动力学模型的研究进展,重点介绍了五种轨道动力学模型及算法,即车辆-轨道-路基非线性耦合系统交叉迭代算法,新型车辆单元和轨道单元模型,列车轨道系统动态分析的移动单元法,移动荷载作用下轨道动力学分析的多层梁模型,及轨道-路基-大地系统动态响应分析的有限元与边界元耦合法,并讨论了各种方法的优缺点。这些模型和算法是研究轨道动力学问题的重要基础和工具。为了提高计算精度和计算效率,根据分析问题的特点可以选择不同的模型和算法。
With increase of train speeds and axle loads,interactions between the vehicle and the track are being intensified.Studying wheel/rail interaction mechanism thoroughly is very important to safety and stability of high speed and heavy railways in operation.In this paper,a brief literature review is given for the progress of numerical models employed in track dynamics,followed by introductions of five track dynamic models and associated numerical methods,i.e.,crossing and iterative algorithm for non-linear vehicle,track and subgrade coupling system,new types of vehicle element and track element,moving element method for train-track dynamics,multi-layer beam models subjected to moving loads at constant velocity along an infinite track,and dynamic analysis of track,subgrade and soil system by coupling finite elements with boundary elements.Merits and drawbacks for above five approaches are discussed.These models and numerical approaches are important basis and means in analyses of track dynamics.In order to improve computational accuracy and efficiency,suitable approaches should be chosen based on characteristics of the concerned problem.
With increase of train speeds and axle loads,interactions between the vehicle and the track are being intensified.Studying wheel/rail interaction mechanism thoroughly is very important to safety and stability of high speed and heavy railways in operation.In this paper,a brief literature review is given for the progress of numerical models employed in track dynamics,followed by introductions of five track dynamic models and associated numerical methods,i.e.,crossing and iterative algorithm for non-linear vehicle,track and subgrade coupling system,new types of vehicle element and track element,moving element method for train-track dynamics,multi-layer beam models subjected to moving loads at constant velocity along an infinite track,and dynamic analysis of track,subgrade and soil system by coupling finite elements with boundary elements.Merits and drawbacks for above five approaches are discussed.These models and numerical approaches are important basis and means in analyses of track dynamics.In order to improve computational accuracy and efficiency,suitable approaches should be chosen based on characteristics of the concerned problem.
引文
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[17]NIELSEN J C O,IGELAND A.Vertical dynamic interaction between train and track-influence of wheel and track imperfec-tions[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,187(5):825-839.
[18]ZHENG D Y,FAN S C.Instability of vibration of a moving train and rail coupling system[J].Journal of Sound and Vibra-tion,2002,255(2):243-259.
[19]KOH C G,ONG J S Y,CHUAD K H,et al.Moving element method for train-track dynamics[J].Int J Numer Mech Engng,2003,56:1549-1567.
[20]AUERSCH L.Dynamic axle loads on tracks with and without ballast mats:numerical results of three-dimensional vehi-cle-track-soil models[J].Proc IMechE,Part F:J Rail and Rapid Transit,2006,220:169-183.
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[23]ANDERSEN L,JONES C J C.Coupled boundary and finite element analysis of vibration from railway tunnels-a comparisonof two and three-dimensional models[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(3/5):611-625.
[24]THOMAS D.Dynamics of a high-speed rail vehicle negotiating curves at unsteady crosswind[J].Proceedings of the Institu-tion of Mechanical Engineers:Part F,Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2010,224(6):567-579.
[25]GANESH BABU K,SUJATHA C.Track modulus analysis of railway track system using finite element model[J].Journal ofVibration and Control,2010,16(10):1559-1574.
[26]CAI Y,CAO Z,SUN H,et al.Effects of the dynamic wheel-rail interaction on the ground vibration generated by a movingtrain[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2010,47(17):2246-2259.
[27]翟婉明.车辆-轨道垂向系统的统一模型及其耦合动力学原理[J].铁道学报,1992,14(3):10-21.
[28]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1997.
[29]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学研究的新进展[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(4):1-13.
[30]雷晓燕.轮轨相互作用有限元分析[J].铁道学报,1994,16(1):8-17.
[31]雷晓燕.高速列车对道碴的动力影响[J].铁道学报,1997,19(1):4-11.
[32]雷晓燕.轨道动力学理论模型参数研究[J].铁道工程学报,1998(2):26-31.
[33].雷晓燕.铁路轨道结构数值分析方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[34]徐志胜,翟婉明,王开云,等.车辆-轨道系统振动响应分析——Timoshenko梁与Euler梁轨道模型的比较[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):74-79.
[35]徐志胜,翟婉明,王开云.基于Timoshenko梁模型的车辆-轨道耦合振动分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2003,38(1):22-27.
[36]谢伟平,镇斌.移动荷载下Winkler梁稳态动力响应分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(7):61-63.
[37]罗雁云,施董燕,谭晓春.纵向力作用下无缝线路动态特性有限元分析[J].力学季刊,2008,29(2):284-290.
[38]魏庆朝,邓亚士,冯雅薇.直线电机地铁轨道结构振动特性研究[J].铁道建筑,2008(3):84-88.
[39]高亮,陶凯,曲村,等.客运专线桥上无缝道岔空间力学特性的研究[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(1):29-34.
[40]冯青松,雷晓燕,练松良.高速铁路路基-地基系统振动响应分析[J].铁道科学与工程,2010,7(1):1-6.
[41]边学成,陈云敏.列车荷载作用下轨道和地基的动响应分析[J].力学学报,2005,37(4):477-484.
[42]边学成.高速列车运动荷载作用下地基和隧道的动力响应分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[43]边学成,陈云敏.列车移动荷载作用下分层地基响应特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):182-189.
[44]谢伟平,胡建武,徐劲.高速移动荷载作用下的轨道一地基系统的动力响应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):1075-1078.
[45]谢伟平,王国波,于艳丽.移动荷载引起的土变形计算[J].岩土工程学,2004,26(3):318-322.
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