基于风险动态评估与控制的岩溶隧道施工许可机制
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摘要
翻坝高速鸡公岭隧道穿过寒武系石龙洞组强岩溶含水层,地下水位高于隧道底板约150~200 m,施工中极易发生大型突水突泥灾害。为控制施工风险,研究了隧址区岩溶发育特征,突水突泥风险孕险环境、致险因子、动态管理与控制方法,建立了基于综合赋权专家评分法的初步评估、二次评估与动态评估模型,首次提出并成功实施了一种基于隧道施工风险动态评估的风险控制新机制:施工许可机制。该机制不仅可在岩溶隧道施工风险控制过程中应用,对于其他类型隧道与工程施工风险控制亦有借鉴意义,已成功应用于翻坝高速鸡公岭隧道突水突泥施工风险控制,并开始应用于宜巴高速隧道施工中,岩溶、软岩大变形、塌方等灾害风险控制。
Jigongling Tunnel of Fanba Expressway passes through strong karst aquifer of Cambrian Shilongdong Fm,and water table is about 150~200 m above the tunnel floor.Large-scale water inrush and mud irruption are easy to happen.In order to control construction hazards,the karst development characteristics of the tunnel site are studied.The risk surroundings,factors and dynamic management for water inrush and mud irruption of the karst tunnel are analyzed.Preliminary,secondary and dynamic risk assessment models based on the comprehensive weights and the expert scoring method are established.A new management mechanism of construction risk,which is a kind of construction permit mechanism based on risk assessment of water or mud inrush,is developed and successfully carried out for the first time.This mechanism not only can be used for the risk management of karst tunnels,but also for other kinds of engineering constructions.It is successfully applied in the karst risk management of Jigongling Tunnel on the line of Fanba Expressway,and it is being employed to manage the construction risk of karst,and the large deformation of soft rock and collapse in Yichang-Badong Expressway.
Jigongling Tunnel of Fanba Expressway passes through strong karst aquifer of Cambrian Shilongdong Fm,and water table is about 150~200 m above the tunnel floor.Large-scale water inrush and mud irruption are easy to happen.In order to control construction hazards,the karst development characteristics of the tunnel site are studied.The risk surroundings,factors and dynamic management for water inrush and mud irruption of the karst tunnel are analyzed.Preliminary,secondary and dynamic risk assessment models based on the comprehensive weights and the expert scoring method are established.A new management mechanism of construction risk,which is a kind of construction permit mechanism based on risk assessment of water or mud inrush,is developed and successfully carried out for the first time.This mechanism not only can be used for the risk management of karst tunnels,but also for other kinds of engineering constructions.It is successfully applied in the karst risk management of Jigongling Tunnel on the line of Fanba Expressway,and it is being employed to manage the construction risk of karst,and the large deformation of soft rock and collapse in Yichang-Badong Expressway.
引文
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[21]陈红江,李夕兵,刘爱华,等.煤层底板突水量的距离判别分析预测方法[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(4):487-491.(CHEN Hong-jiang,LI Xi-bing,LIU Ai-hua,et al.Forecastmethod of water inrush quantity from coal floor based ondistance discriminant analysis theory[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,2009,34(4):487-491.(in Chinese))
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[24]郭陕云.关于隧道及地下工程建设风险管理的实施意见[J].现代隧道技术,2007,44(6):1-4,9.(GUO Shan-yun.On the implementation of risk management in tunneling andunderground works[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2007,44(6):1-4,9.(in Chinese))
[25]许振浩,李术才,李利平,等.基于层次分析法的岩溶隧道突水突泥风险评估[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1757-1766.(XU Zhen-hao,LI Shu-cai,LI Li-ping,et al.Riskassessment of water or mud inrush of karst tunnels based onanalytic hierarchy process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1757-1766.(in Chinese))
[26]陈龙,黄宏伟.上中路隧道工程风险管理的实践[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006(1):65-69,73.(CHEN Long,HUANG Hong-wei.The practice of risk management inShangzhong Road Tunnel engineering[J].Chinese Journal ofUnderground Space and Engineering,2006(1):65-69,73.(in Chinese))
[27]黄宏伟.隧道及地下工程建设中的风险管理研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006(1):13-20.(HUANGHong-wei.State-of-the-art of the research on riskmanagement in construction of tunnel and undergroundworks[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space andEngineering,2006(1):13-20.(in Chinese))
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[29]许振浩,李术才,张庆松,等.TSP超前地质预报地震波反射特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):640-644.(XU Zhen-hao,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Reflection characteristic of seismic wave in TSP advancegeological prediction[J].Chinese Journal of UndergroundSpace and Engineering,2008,4(4):640-644.(in Chinese))
[30]许振浩,李术才,张庆松,等.组合爆破法TSP超前地质预报研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2009,39(4):45-49,68.(XU Zhen-hao,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Studies on combined blasting method of the TSP advancedgeological prediction[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2009,39(4):45-49,68.(inChinese))
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[2]李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,等.高风险岩溶地区隧道施工地质灾害综合预报预警关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(7):1297-1307.(LI Shu-cai,XUE Yi-guo,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Key technology study oncomprehensive prediction and early-warning of geologicalhazards during tunnel construction in high-risk karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(7):1297-1307.(in Chinese))
[3]ZHANG Jin-cai.Investigations of water inrushes from aquifersunder coal seam[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2005,42:350-360.
[4]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.(YANG Tian-hong,TANG Chun-an,TAN Hong-zhi,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rockmass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecastof groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.(inChinese))
[5]李利平,李术才,张庆松.岩溶地区隧道裂隙水突出力学机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):523-528.(LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song.Study of mechanism ofwater inrush induced by hydraulic fracturing in kasttunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(2):523-528.(in Chinese))
[6]李利平.高风险岩溶隧道突水灾变演化机理及其应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2009.(LI Li-ping.Study oncatastrophe evolution mechanism of karst water inrush and itsengineering application of high risk karst tunnel[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2009.(in Chinese))
[7]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004(1):7-9,18.(WANG Meng-shu.Hydrologicand geological forecast of tunnel construction in the karstdistrict[J].Railroad Survey,2004(1):7-9,18.(in Chinese))
[8]钱七虎,戎晓力.中国地下工程安全风险管理的现状、问题及相关建议[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):649-655.(QIAN Qi-hu,RONG Xiao-li.State issues and relevantrecommendations for security risk management of China’sunderground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4):649-655.(inChinese))
[9]EINSTEIN H H.Risk and risk analysis in rock engineering[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1996,11(2):141-155.
[10]HEINZ DUDDECK.Challenges to tunnelling engineers[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1996,11(1):5-10.
[11]MERAD M M,VERDEL T,ROY B,et al.Use ofmulti-criteria decision-aids for risk zoning and managementof large area subjected to mining-induced hazards[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19:125-138.
[12]S EN Degn Eskesen,PER Tengborg,J GEN Kampmann,etal.Guidelines for tunnelling risk management:InternationalTunnelling Association,Working Group No.2[J].Tunnellingand Underground Space Technology,2004,19:217-237.
[13]路美丽,刘维宁,罗富荣,等.隧道与地下工程风险评估方法研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(4):462-469.(LU Mei-li,LIU Wei-ning,LUO Fu-rong,et al.Review onrisk assessment methods for tunnelling and undergroundprojects[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(4):462-469.(in Chinese))
[14]陈龙,黄宏伟.岩石隧道工程风险浅析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):110-115.(CHEN Long,HUANGHong-wei.Risk analysis of rock tunnel engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):110-115.(in Chinese))
[15]陈洁金,周峰,阳军生,等.山岭隧道塌方风险模糊层次分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(8):2365-2370.(CHENJie-jin,ZHOU Feng,YANG Jun-sheng,et al.Fuzzy analytichierarchy process for risk evaluation of collapse duringconstruction of mountain tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3622-3626.(in Chinese))
[16]李钊.隧道坍方突发事件风险原因统计及范例推理[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2009,6(4):54-58.(LI Zhao.Statistics of tunnel collapse accidents and its assessmentbased on case reasoning[J].Journal of Railway Science andEngineering,2009,6(4):54-58.(in Chinese))
[17]张顶立,李兵,房倩,等.基于风险系数的海底隧道纵断面确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):9-19.(ZHANG Ding-li,LI Bing,FANG Qian,et al.Methodfor determining longitudinal section of subsea tunnel basedon risk coefficient[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(1):9-19.(in Chinese))
[18]闫玉茹,黄宏伟,胡群芳,等.大连湾海底隧道钻爆法施工风险评估研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):3616-3623.(YAN Yu-ru,HUANG Hong-wei,HUQun-fang,et al.Risk assessment on drill and blasting methodof Dalian bay subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S2):3616-3623.(inChinese))
[19]沈荣喜,吴秀仪,刘长武,等.海底隧道施工过程中突水风险研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008,32(3):385-388.(SHEN Rong-xi,WU Xiu-yi,LIUChang-wu,et al.Research of water inrush on subsea tunnelconstruction[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science&Engineering),2008,32(3):385-388.(in Chinese))
[20]刘伟韬,张文泉,李加祥.用层次分析-模糊评判进行底板突水安全性评价[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(3):278-282.(LIU Wei-tao,ZHANG Wen-quan,LI Jia-xiang.Anevaluation of the safety of floorwater irruption using analytichierarchy process and fuzzy synthesis methods[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2000,25(3):278-282.(in Chinese))
[21]陈红江,李夕兵,刘爱华,等.煤层底板突水量的距离判别分析预测方法[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(4):487-491.(CHEN Hong-jiang,LI Xi-bing,LIU Ai-hua,et al.Forecastmethod of water inrush quantity from coal floor based ondistance discriminant analysis theory[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,2009,34(4):487-491.(in Chinese))
[22]王连国,宋扬.煤层底板突水组合人工神经网络预测[J].岩土工程学报,2001,7(4):502-505.(WANG Lian-guo,SONG Yang.Combined ANN forecast of water-inrush fromcoal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,7(4):502-505.(in Chinese))
[23]贾超,张强勇,张宁,等.盐岩地下储气库风险分级机制初探[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3622-3626.(JIAChao,ZHANG Qiang-yong,ZHANG Ning,et al.Preliminaryresearch of risk classification for underground salt rock gasstorage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3622-3626.(in Chinese))
[24]郭陕云.关于隧道及地下工程建设风险管理的实施意见[J].现代隧道技术,2007,44(6):1-4,9.(GUO Shan-yun.On the implementation of risk management in tunneling andunderground works[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2007,44(6):1-4,9.(in Chinese))
[25]许振浩,李术才,李利平,等.基于层次分析法的岩溶隧道突水突泥风险评估[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1757-1766.(XU Zhen-hao,LI Shu-cai,LI Li-ping,et al.Riskassessment of water or mud inrush of karst tunnels based onanalytic hierarchy process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1757-1766.(in Chinese))
[26]陈龙,黄宏伟.上中路隧道工程风险管理的实践[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006(1):65-69,73.(CHEN Long,HUANG Hong-wei.The practice of risk management inShangzhong Road Tunnel engineering[J].Chinese Journal ofUnderground Space and Engineering,2006(1):65-69,73.(in Chinese))
[27]黄宏伟.隧道及地下工程建设中的风险管理研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006(1):13-20.(HUANGHong-wei.State-of-the-art of the research on riskmanagement in construction of tunnel and undergroundworks[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space andEngineering,2006(1):13-20.(in Chinese))
[28]建质[2007]254号地铁及地下工程建设风险管理指南[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.(Construction Quality[2007]No.254 Guideline of risk management forconstruction of subway and underground works[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[29]许振浩,李术才,张庆松,等.TSP超前地质预报地震波反射特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):640-644.(XU Zhen-hao,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Reflection characteristic of seismic wave in TSP advancegeological prediction[J].Chinese Journal of UndergroundSpace and Engineering,2008,4(4):640-644.(in Chinese))
[30]许振浩,李术才,张庆松,等.组合爆破法TSP超前地质预报研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2009,39(4):45-49,68.(XU Zhen-hao,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Studies on combined blasting method of the TSP advancedgeological prediction[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2009,39(4):45-49,68.(inChinese))
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