近年国内桥梁倒塌事故原因分析
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摘要
自2000年以来,国内媒体公开报道的我国非地震引起桥梁倒塌事故共85起。论文对事故的原因进行分析,并按照桥梁建造、服役过程对倒塌原因进行分类,提出预防倒塌事故发生的对策。事故分析表明,桥梁倒塌原因可分为设计施工不合理、撞桥和超载、自然灾害、加固拆除不合理、桥梁病害、人为活动等六类。除地震外,设计施工不合理所引起的桥梁倒塌事故数目最大。而事故的发生大多是多种原因综合作用的结果。根据原因的分析结论,提出了深入进行科学研究、建立完善的安全保障体系、加大桥梁维护管理力度等预防桥梁倒塌事故发生的对策。
Bridge collapse accidents since 2000 were investigated.Totally,there are 85 bridge collapse accidents which reported by media in China publicly,not including the earthquake cause ones.The causes of accidents were analyzed and classified in accordance with the bridge construction,service process.Countermeasures to prevent the collapse of the accident were proposed.Based on the statistics,the causes can be classified 6 types as unreasonable design and construction,bridge collision and overload,natural disasters,unreasonable strengthening and demolition,bridge diseases,and human activities.Except earthquake cause,the accidents caused by unreasonable design and construction are most.And one bridge collapse accident is caused by various reasons.The countermeasures are suggested as doing more mechanism research,establishing a good security system,and improving the bridge maintenance and management.
Bridge collapse accidents since 2000 were investigated.Totally,there are 85 bridge collapse accidents which reported by media in China publicly,not including the earthquake cause ones.The causes of accidents were analyzed and classified in accordance with the bridge construction,service process.Countermeasures to prevent the collapse of the accident were proposed.Based on the statistics,the causes can be classified 6 types as unreasonable design and construction,bridge collision and overload,natural disasters,unreasonable strengthening and demolition,bridge diseases,and human activities.Except earthquake cause,the accidents caused by unreasonable design and construction are most.And one bridge collapse accident is caused by various reasons.The countermeasures are suggested as doing more mechanism research,establishing a good security system,and improving the bridge maintenance and management.
引文
[1]胡汉舟,叶梅新.桥梁事故及经验教训[J.]桥梁建设,2002(3):71-75(Hu Hanzhou,Ye Meixin.Bridge accidentsand lessons[J].Bridge Construction,2002(3):71-75(inChinese))
[2]叶梅新,黄琼.钢结构事故研究[J.]长沙铁道学院学报,2002,20(4):6-10(Ye Meixin,Huang Qiong.Studyof steel structure accidents[J.]Journal of Changsha RailwayUniversity,2002,20(4):6-10(in Chinese))
[3]严国敏.韩国圣水大桥的倒塌[J.]国外桥梁,1996(4):47-50
[4]陈开利.帕劳共和国的桥梁倒塌事故[J].国外公路,1998,18(3):31-33
[5]徐洪涛,郭国忠,蒲焕玲,等.我国近年来桥梁事故发生的原因与教训[J.]中国安全科学学报,2007,17(11):90-95(Xu Hongtao,Guo Guozhong,Pu Huanlin,etal.Causes and lessons of bridge accidents in China inresent years[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007,17(11):90-95(in Chinese))
[6]赵劲松.桥-船碰撞与南京长江大桥的防碰问题[J.]大连海运学院学报,1992,18(1):77-81(Zhao Jingsong.Ship-Bridge collisions and the problem of anti collision ofships with the Nanjing Yangzi Bridge[J.]Journal of DalianMaritime University,1992,18(1):77-81(in Chinese))
[7]李鸿晶,陆鸣,温增平,等.汶川地震桥梁震害的特征[J.]南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):24-29(Li Hongjing,Lu Ming,Wen Zengping,et al.Characteristics of bridge damages in Wenchuan earthquake[J.]Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:NaturalScience Edition,2009,31(1):24-29(in Chinese))
[8]陈刚.混凝土桥梁的病害处理[J.]铁道工程学报,2006(5):70-72(Chen Gang.Disposal of diseased concretebridge[J.]Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2006(5):70-72(in Chinese))
[9]刘自明,王邦楣.既有桥检测评估的若干要点[J.]桥梁建设,2002(3):1-6(Liu Ziming,Wang Bangmei.Somesubstances of the existing bridge detection and evaluation[J].Bridge Construction,2002(3):1-6(in Chinese))
[10]郑荣跃,简小生,俞凯磊,等.基于事件树分析法的大跨斜拉桥施工事故分析[J.]工程力学,2008,25(增I):203-208(Zheng Rongyue,Jian Xiaosheng,Yu Kailei,et al.Failure assessment of large span cable-stayed-bridge accidentduring construction based on the eta[J.]EngineeringMechanics,2008,25(SI):203-208(in Chinese))
[11]张宇峰,徐宏,倪一清.大跨度桥梁结构健康监测及安全评价系统研究与应用进展[J.]公路,2005(11):22-26(Zhan Yufeng,Xu Hong,NiYiqing.Research and applicationof long-span bridge health monitoring and safety evaluationsystem[J.]Highway,2005(11):22-26(in Chinese))
[2]叶梅新,黄琼.钢结构事故研究[J.]长沙铁道学院学报,2002,20(4):6-10(Ye Meixin,Huang Qiong.Studyof steel structure accidents[J.]Journal of Changsha RailwayUniversity,2002,20(4):6-10(in Chinese))
[3]严国敏.韩国圣水大桥的倒塌[J.]国外桥梁,1996(4):47-50
[4]陈开利.帕劳共和国的桥梁倒塌事故[J].国外公路,1998,18(3):31-33
[5]徐洪涛,郭国忠,蒲焕玲,等.我国近年来桥梁事故发生的原因与教训[J.]中国安全科学学报,2007,17(11):90-95(Xu Hongtao,Guo Guozhong,Pu Huanlin,etal.Causes and lessons of bridge accidents in China inresent years[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007,17(11):90-95(in Chinese))
[6]赵劲松.桥-船碰撞与南京长江大桥的防碰问题[J.]大连海运学院学报,1992,18(1):77-81(Zhao Jingsong.Ship-Bridge collisions and the problem of anti collision ofships with the Nanjing Yangzi Bridge[J.]Journal of DalianMaritime University,1992,18(1):77-81(in Chinese))
[7]李鸿晶,陆鸣,温增平,等.汶川地震桥梁震害的特征[J.]南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):24-29(Li Hongjing,Lu Ming,Wen Zengping,et al.Characteristics of bridge damages in Wenchuan earthquake[J.]Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:NaturalScience Edition,2009,31(1):24-29(in Chinese))
[8]陈刚.混凝土桥梁的病害处理[J.]铁道工程学报,2006(5):70-72(Chen Gang.Disposal of diseased concretebridge[J.]Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2006(5):70-72(in Chinese))
[9]刘自明,王邦楣.既有桥检测评估的若干要点[J.]桥梁建设,2002(3):1-6(Liu Ziming,Wang Bangmei.Somesubstances of the existing bridge detection and evaluation[J].Bridge Construction,2002(3):1-6(in Chinese))
[10]郑荣跃,简小生,俞凯磊,等.基于事件树分析法的大跨斜拉桥施工事故分析[J.]工程力学,2008,25(增I):203-208(Zheng Rongyue,Jian Xiaosheng,Yu Kailei,et al.Failure assessment of large span cable-stayed-bridge accidentduring construction based on the eta[J.]EngineeringMechanics,2008,25(SI):203-208(in Chinese))
[11]张宇峰,徐宏,倪一清.大跨度桥梁结构健康监测及安全评价系统研究与应用进展[J.]公路,2005(11):22-26(Zhan Yufeng,Xu Hong,NiYiqing.Research and applicationof long-span bridge health monitoring and safety evaluationsystem[J.]Highway,2005(11):22-26(in Chinese))
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