全垫升式气垫船破冰过程的数值模拟
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摘要
气垫船破冰是指采用大吨位气垫船以临界航速在冰面上航行进行破冰,是一种较新的内河破冰方法,可应用于黄河凌汛灾害的防治领域。对浅水厚冰层条件下气垫船破冰过程进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明:临界航速下,气垫船始终位于船首波峰后方,对所兴起的船波起持续的推波作用,在冰面上逐渐兴起幅值较大的船波。冰层在船尾波谷处最先产生纵向裂缝并向前后延伸,向前延伸至船首波峰处时引起冰层横向破裂并扩展,完成一个破冰周期。船身后方的裂缝沿气垫船轴线方向呈*号形状,不同破冰周期的横向裂缝交叉后,冰层破裂成三角形的碎冰片。气垫船破冰的不同工作航次应尽量沿同一方向平行进行,使不同航次的裂缝进一步交叉,将冰层破裂成尺度更小的碎冰片。
A large floating ice sheet can be broken into small slabs with a heavy air cushion vehicle(ACV) traveling on it at a critical speed.Ice-breaking with ACV is a new ice-breaking method in in-land river,it has an important application in prevention of ice jam flood in Yellow River.Here,the ice-breaking process of an ACV was numerically simulated under conditions of shallow water and a thick ice sheet.The simulation results showed that an ACV traveling at a critical speed always chases after the wave crest ahead of it and pushes the waves;thus,the amplitude of the wave around ACV gradually increases due to the continuous push of ACV;initial crack of ice sheet appears at wave trough near the stern of ACV and extends along the axis of ACV in both forward and backward directions;lateral crack at the wave crest ahead of ACV is arisen when the initial crack extends forward to wave crest;an ice-breaking period is finished by ACV accordingly;the cracks behind ACV were shaped as an asterisk symbol along the sailing direction of ACV;the ice sheet breaks into triangular slabs when lateral cracks of different ice-breaking periods intersect with each other;ACV should sail in the same direction parallelly in order to cross the cracks of different ACV voyages and break the ice sheet further.
A large floating ice sheet can be broken into small slabs with a heavy air cushion vehicle(ACV) traveling on it at a critical speed.Ice-breaking with ACV is a new ice-breaking method in in-land river,it has an important application in prevention of ice jam flood in Yellow River.Here,the ice-breaking process of an ACV was numerically simulated under conditions of shallow water and a thick ice sheet.The simulation results showed that an ACV traveling at a critical speed always chases after the wave crest ahead of it and pushes the waves;thus,the amplitude of the wave around ACV gradually increases due to the continuous push of ACV;initial crack of ice sheet appears at wave trough near the stern of ACV and extends along the axis of ACV in both forward and backward directions;lateral crack at the wave crest ahead of ACV is arisen when the initial crack extends forward to wave crest;an ice-breaking period is finished by ACV accordingly;the cracks behind ACV were shaped as an asterisk symbol along the sailing direction of ACV;the ice sheet breaks into triangular slabs when lateral cracks of different ice-breaking periods intersect with each other;ACV should sail in the same direction parallelly in order to cross the cracks of different ACV voyages and break the ice sheet further.
引文
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[17]马万珍,佟铮,王宁.冰介质爆破特性实验研究[J].工程爆破,2003,9(3):12-14.MA Wan-zhen,TONG Zheng,WANG Ning.Experimental study on blasting characteristics of ice medium[J].Engineering Blasting,2003,9(3):12-14.
[2]Mellor.Icebreaking concepts[R].1980,AD-A082175/1.
[3]Buck j,Pritchett C W.Air cushion vehicle(ACV)icebreaker test and evaluation program[R].Volume1.Executive Summary,1980,AD-A077291/3.
[4]Buck j,Pritchett C W.Air cushion vehicle(ACV)icebreaker test and evaluation program[R].Volume2.Operational and Engineering Analysis,1980,AD-A077 449/7.
[5]Milinazzo F,Shinbrot M,Evans N W.A mathematical analysis of the steady response of floating ice to the uniform motion of a rectangular load[J].J.Fluid Mech.1995,287:173-197.
[6]Kozin V M,Milovanova A V.The wave resistance of amphibian aircushion vehicles in broken ice[J].Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,1996,37(5):634-637.
[7]Kozin V M,Pogerelova A V.Effect of a shock pulse on a floating ice sheet[J].Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2004,45(6):794-798.
[8]Kozin V M,Zhestkaya V D.Numerical solution of the problem of the effect of a shock pulse on an ice sheet[J].Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2008,49(2):285-290.
[9]Zhestkaya V D,Kozin V M.Stress-deformed state of a semi-infinite ice sheet under the action of a moving load[J].Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,1994,35(5):745-749.
[10]Miles J,Sneyd A D.The response of a floating ice sheet to an accelerating line load[J].J.Fluid Mech,2003,497:435-439.
[11]Wang K,Hosking R J,Milinazzo F.Time-dependent response of a floating viscoelastic plate to an impulsively started moving load[J].J.Fluid Mech,2004,521:295-317.
[12]Takizawa T.Deflection of a floating sea ice sheet induced by a moving load[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,1985,11:171-180.
[13]Squire V A,Robinson W H,Moore S.Dynamic strain response of lake and sea ice to moving loads[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,1985,11:123-139.
[14]陈克,姚俊,张辽远.动载状态下冰层振动分析及数值算法研究[J].沈阳理工大学学报,2010,29(2):1-3.CHEN Ke,YAO Jun,ZHANG Liao-yuan.Numerical solution and vibration analysis of an ice sheet under dynamic load[J].Journal of Shenyang Ligong University,2010,29(2):1-3.
[15]蔡之瑞,孙柏涛,郭世荣,等.冰荷载的试验研究和计算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(4):49-56.CAI Zhi-rue,SUN Bai-tao,GUO Shi-rong,et al.Experimental research on ice load and its calculation method[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,17(4):49-56.
[16]王志兴,陈刚.冰凌灾害研究的一个重要课题-冰荷载计算分析与研究[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(2):191-194.WANG Zhi-xing,CHEN Gang.An important topic on icicle hazard:research and calculation of ice load[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(2):191-194.
[17]马万珍,佟铮,王宁.冰介质爆破特性实验研究[J].工程爆破,2003,9(3):12-14.MA Wan-zhen,TONG Zheng,WANG Ning.Experimental study on blasting characteristics of ice medium[J].Engineering Blasting,2003,9(3):12-14.
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