国内外铁路货车端墙侧压力标准研究与发展(2)
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摘要
在铁路货车设计中,确定散粒货物对货车端墙和侧墙的侧压力,一直是颇有争议的关键难题之一。如果对端墙的侧压力值及其分布规律认识不清,可能会将端墙设计载荷取得过小,导致因强度不足而影响到货物运输的安全。研究端墙的散粒货物侧压力值及其分布规律,可明确端墙设计载荷,提高货车运用可靠性,尤其在目前货车朝着重载提速方向发展的过程中具有重要的现实意义。在系统介绍俄罗斯、北美、澳大利亚、日本铁路货车侧压力标准研究的情况和演变发展,并总结各阶段货车侧压力相关技术规范特点的基础上,对比分析我国与国外的现行标准的差异,总结侧压力研究规律与趋势,为我国铁路货车侧压力标准研究与修订提供指导和依据。
In the design of railway freight cars,it is always one of the major controversial and difficult topics how to decide the sidewise pressure on the end walls and lateral walls by the bulk goods.If the value of the sidewise pressure on the end walls and the distribution laws of the pressure are not clearly grasped,the load capacity of the end walls might be designed at a too low level and then the safety of freight transport might be influenced due to the insufficient strength of the end walls.By studying the value of the sidewise pressure on the end walls and the distribution laws,the load capacity of the end walls can be clearly defined,and then the reliability of the freight cars can also be improved,especially during the course of developing towards heavy haul,speeding up,it has very important realistic significance.After systematically introducing the researches and evolutions of the standards on the sidewise pressure of railway freight cars in Russia,North America,Australia,Japan,and on the basis of summarizing the feathers of the technical regulations in each of the development stages,the author compares and analyzes the differences in the current domestic and foreign standards,summarizes the regular pattern and trend of the researches,and gives directions and basis for the research and modification of the standards of sidewise pressure on the end walls of China railway freight cars.
In the design of railway freight cars,it is always one of the major controversial and difficult topics how to decide the sidewise pressure on the end walls and lateral walls by the bulk goods.If the value of the sidewise pressure on the end walls and the distribution laws of the pressure are not clearly grasped,the load capacity of the end walls might be designed at a too low level and then the safety of freight transport might be influenced due to the insufficient strength of the end walls.By studying the value of the sidewise pressure on the end walls and the distribution laws,the load capacity of the end walls can be clearly defined,and then the reliability of the freight cars can also be improved,especially during the course of developing towards heavy haul,speeding up,it has very important realistic significance.After systematically introducing the researches and evolutions of the standards on the sidewise pressure of railway freight cars in Russia,North America,Australia,Japan,and on the basis of summarizing the feathers of the technical regulations in each of the development stages,the author compares and analyzes the differences in the current domestic and foreign standards,summarizes the regular pattern and trend of the researches,and gives directions and basis for the research and modification of the standards of sidewise pressure on the end walls of China railway freight cars.
引文
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[2]顾蔚慈.挡土墙土压力计算[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2001.
[3]曹振民.挡土墙填土曲线破裂面的主动土压力分析[J].中国公路学报,1995(8):7-13.
[4]蒋纯秋.挡土墙上土压力非线性分布解[J].土木工程学报,1964(1):56-65.
[5]王寿长.散粒货物对车辆端、侧墙侧压力计算的讨论[J].铁道车辆,2001,39(1):17-22.
[6]王寿长.散粒货物对车辆端、侧墙侧压力计算的探讨[J].铁道车辆,1991,29(7):33-38.
[7]苏联铁路车辆计算和设计规范及试验方法和技术条件[Z].铁道科学研究院译.北京:铁道部科学研究院,1990.
[8]国家车辆制造科学研究院.交通部1520mm轨距铁路(非自行)车辆计算和设计规范[Z].全俄铁路运输科学研究院,1996.
[9]Пашарин С.И. Расчетная нагрузка боковых стоек кузова полувагона[J].Вестник ВНИИЖТ,1990(1):44-46.
[10]美国铁道协会.AAR M-1001货车设计制造规范[S].
[11]铁道部标准计量研究所,铁道部四方车辆研究所.敞车冲击试验报告[R].1978.
[12]铁道部四方车辆研究所.载重75t敞车冲击试验报告[R].1985.
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