雁门关隧道大变形突泥段地质结构与力学分析
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摘要
雁门关隧道位于走滑构造控制的恒山变质岩地区,在施工过程中经常遇到大变形、突泥等问题。通过对该隧道施工灾害典型段(DK118+30.0～DK118+200.0段)的走滑偏压特征分析、偏压数值模拟以及应力和变形收敛监测等发现:(1)研究段穿越小尺度的走滑断层;(2)围岩级别差异是深埋隧道偏压的主导因素,偏压对围岩的下沉收敛影响显著甚至起控制作用;(3)隧道大变形突泥段的围岩破坏机制是层间剪切和挤压破碎。研究认为,在构造复杂的变质岩地区进行隧道等地下工程设计施工时,要充分考虑围岩所受应力情况和岩性差异等因素,灵活变更施工技术。
Yanmenguan tunnel is located in the Hengshan metamorphic area,which is controlled by strike-slip structures.During construction,large deformation and sudden mud bursting often happened,especial in the section of DK118+30.0–DK118+200.0.Based on analyses and numerical simulations of bias pressure feature of strike-slip faults,and monitoring of stress and deformation,it is found that:(1) The section of DK118+30.0– DK118+200.0 is controlled by the strike-slip structures.(2) The dominant factor for bias pressure of deep tunnel is the difference of surrounding rock class,and the bias pressure affects the subsidence of surrounding rocks obviously.(3) The failure mechanism of surrounding rocks of Yanmenguan tunnel is interlayer shear and compression.It is suggested that the stress of surrounding rocks and the difference in rock properties should be considered during design and construction of tunnels in metamorphic area,and construction technologies should be accordingly changed.
Yanmenguan tunnel is located in the Hengshan metamorphic area,which is controlled by strike-slip structures.During construction,large deformation and sudden mud bursting often happened,especial in the section of DK118+30.0–DK118+200.0.Based on analyses and numerical simulations of bias pressure feature of strike-slip faults,and monitoring of stress and deformation,it is found that:(1) The section of DK118+30.0– DK118+200.0 is controlled by the strike-slip structures.(2) The dominant factor for bias pressure of deep tunnel is the difference of surrounding rock class,and the bias pressure affects the subsidence of surrounding rocks obviously.(3) The failure mechanism of surrounding rocks of Yanmenguan tunnel is interlayer shear and compression.It is suggested that the stress of surrounding rocks and the difference in rock properties should be considered during design and construction of tunnels in metamorphic area,and construction technologies should be accordingly changed.
引文
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[2]雷军,张金柱,林传年.乌鞘岭特长隧道复杂地质条件下断层带应力及变形现场监测分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(5):1367–1 371.(LEI Jun,ZHANG Jinzhu,LIN Chuannian.Analysis of stressand deformation site-monitoring in fault zone of Wushaoling tunnelunder complex geological conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(5):1 367–1 371.(in Chinese))
[3]赵旭峰.挤压性围岩隧道施工时空效应及其大变形控制研究[博士学位论文][D].上海:同济大学,2007.(ZHAO Xufeng.The temporaland spatial effect in construction and control of large deformation oftunnels in squeezing ground[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Shanghai:TongjiUniversity,2007.(in Chinese))
[4]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所.雁门关隧道工程地质条件综合评价研究报告[R].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2010.(Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Evaluation of engineering geological conditions for Yanmenguantunnel[R].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,ChineseAcademy of Sciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[5]铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司.雁门关隧道工程地质勘察报告[R].天津:铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司,2007.(The3rd Railway Survey and Design Institute Group Corporation.Reporton engineering geological investigation of Yanmenguan tunnel[R].Tianjin:The 3rd Railway Survey and Design Institute GroupCorporation,2007.(in Chinese))
[6]侯康明,袁道阳,孟万辉.走滑断裂黏滑、蠕滑作用形成的地质地貌特征[J].地震地质,1995,17(5):253–258.(HOU Kangming,YUAN Daoyang,MENG Wanhui.Geological and geomorphologicalfeatures generated by stick-slip and creep along strike-slip fault[J].Seismology and Geology,1995,17(5):253–258.(in Chinese))
[7]刘小军,张永兴.地形因素及围岩类别对偏压隧道的影响效应分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,42(2):205–210.(LIU Xiaojun,ZHANG Yongxing.Analysis of unsymmetricallyloaded tunnel according to topographic factors and classification ofthe surrounding rocks[J].Journal of Xi an University of Architectureand Technology:Natural Science,2010,42(2):205–210.(inChinese))
[8]中国人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50218—94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB 50218—94Standard for engineering classification of rock masses[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[9]李世煇.隧道支护设计新论——典型类比分析法的应用和理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:21–35.(LI Shihui.Anew concept of tunnelsupport design:applications and theories of typical comparativeanalysis methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:21–35.(in Chinese))
[10]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc..FLAC3D(fast Lagrangian analysis ofcontinua in 3 dimensions)users manual(ver.2.10)[R].Minneapolis,USA:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,1997.
[11]林达明,尚彦军,吴锋波,等.基于矿物结构与钻探的花岗岩地质强度指标研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):761–768.(LIN Daming,SHANG Yanjun,WU Fengbo,et al.Studyof geological strength index for granite based on mineral structure anddrilling and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2011,30(4):761–768.(in Chinese))
[12]AYDAN O,ULUSAY R,KAWAMOTO T.Assessment of rock massstrength for underground excavations[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(3/4):18.e1–18.e17.
[13]尚彦军,史永跃,曾庆利,等.昆明上公山隧道复杂地质条件下TBM卡机及护盾变形问题分析和对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3 858–3 863.(SHANG Yanjun,SHI Yongyue,ZENGQingli,et al.TBM jamming and deformation in complicated geologicalconditions and engineering measures[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(21):3 858–3 863.(inChinese))
[14]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].2版.北京:地质出版社,1989:207–220.(XU Kaili,ZHU Zhicheng.Structural geology[M].2nd ed.Beijng:Geological Publishing House,1989:207–220.(in Chinese))
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