地面城市轨道交通环境振动源的反演
摘要
地面城轨列车运行引起周边场地环境振动.针对振动源难以直接量测的困境,本文借助工程地震学的反演方法研究轮-轨不平顺的动力激励源.将地表振动的列车-轨道-三维场地耦合动力分析与遗传算法结合,通过待反演量解空间的设置、反演问题目标函数的建立、反问题求解的遗传策略设计等步骤构建了轮-轨不平顺振源函数和轨道结构参数的联合反演方案.依据实际观测数据反演了北京城轨13号线的激励功率谱,结果显示:振源函数在1.2m以上的波长范围反映了轨道不平顺性,在1.2m以下的波长范围表达了车轮的几何与弹性不圆顺.本文强调指出,城轨车速较低,这个短波长段恰恰对应环境振动的主要频带.以轨道谱表达轨道交通环境振动源,1.2m以下短波长的不平顺会被低估,严重影响环境振动主要频率成分的估计.相对轨道谱只反映轨道的平顺状况,轮-轨谱既反映轨道不平顺因素,又包含车轮不圆顺状况,更适合作为城轨交通的振源函数.同时也表明,用地表振动实测数据反演振动源,是定量揭示轮-轨组合不平顺的有效途径.
引文
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21Zheng X,Tao X X,Wang F T.Virtual inversion of vibration source on surface of single soil layer overlaid on elastic half-space.In:Proc 4th ISEV,2009.532–537
22陶夏新,师黎静.利用地脉动台阵观测推断场地速度结构的虚拟反演.见:《新世纪地震工程与防灾减灾——庆贺胡聿贤院士八十寿辰》论文集.北京:地震出版社,2002.443–452
2Gupta S,Liu W F,Degrande G,et al.Prediction of vibrations induced by underground railway traffic in Beijing.J Sound Vib,2008,310:608–630
3Bata M.Effects on buildings of vibrations caused by traffic.Building Sci,1971,6:221–246
4夏禾,曹艳梅.轨道交通引起的环境振动问题.铁道科学与工程学报,2004,1:44–51
5Sheng X,Jones C J C,Thompson D J.A comparison of a theoretical model for quasi-statically and dynamically induced environmental vibration from trains with measurements.J Sound Vib,2003,267:621–635
6Sheng X,Jones C J C,Thompson D J.A theoretical model for ground vibration from trains generated by vertical track irregularities.J Sound Vib,2004,262:937–965
7Lombaert G,Degrande G,Kogut J,et al.The experimental validation of a numerical model for the prediction of railway induced vibrations.J Sound Vib,2006,297:512–535
8Galvin P,Francois S,Schevenels M,et al.A2.5D coupled FE-BE model for the prediction of railway induced vibrations.Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,2010,30:1500–1512
9Lombaert G,Degrande G.Ground-borne vibration due to static and dynamic axle loads of Intercity and high-speed trains.J Sound Vib,2009,319:1036–1066
10Sheng X,Jones C J C,Thompson D J.Prediction of ground vibration from trains using the wavenumber finite and boundary element methods.J Sound Vib,2006,293:575–586
11Dings P C,Dittrich M G.Roughness on Dutch railway wheels and rails.J Sound Vib,1996,193:103–112
12罗林,张格明,吴旺青,等.轮轨系统轨道平顺状态的控制.北京:中国铁道出版社,2006.1–11
13夏禾,张楠.车辆与结构动力相互作用.第二版.北京:科学出版社,2005.93–97
14翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学.第三版.北京:科学出版社,2007.88–91
15王福彤,陶夏新,郑鑫,等.交通环境振动测试中本底振动去除的功率谱修正法.振动与冲击,2011,30:137–141
16王福彤,陶夏新,崔高航,等.地面城轨交通近轨道区域自由地表振动实测研究.振动与冲击,2011,30:129–132
17Sheng X,Jones C J C,Petyt M.Ground vibration generated by a load moving along a railway track.J Sound Vib,1999,228:129–156
18Krishnakumar K.Micro-genetic algorithms for stationary non-stationary function optimization.In:Intelligent Control and Adaptive Systems SPIE Proceedings,1989,1196:289–296
19郑鑫,陶夏新,王福彤.轮轨撞击振源参数的虚拟反演.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42:1232–1234
20Tao X X,Wang F T,Zheng X,et al.Validation of an inversion scheme for source of ground vibration near to urban railway.In:Proc4th ISEV,2009.79–84
21Zheng X,Tao X X,Wang F T.Virtual inversion of vibration source on surface of single soil layer overlaid on elastic half-space.In:Proc 4th ISEV,2009.532–537
22陶夏新,师黎静.利用地脉动台阵观测推断场地速度结构的虚拟反演.见:《新世纪地震工程与防灾减灾——庆贺胡聿贤院士八十寿辰》论文集.北京:地震出版社,2002.443–452
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