大型水下盾构隧道结构研究现状与展望
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摘要
随着我国大型水下盾构隧道的日益兴建,一系列结构问题愈发凸显,对结构的安全性提出了挑战,大型水下盾构隧道结构已逐渐成为国内外研究的热点.针对大型水下盾构隧道在设计阶段、施工阶段及长期运营阶段可能存在的结构问题,综述了国内外相关的重要研究,主要包括:隧道横向结构的力学特征与分析方法,纵向结构变形与稳定性,隧道结构及附属结构物的地震响应及抗震与减震措施.总结了近期的研究成果与新进展,包括:整环管片衬砌结构力学特征与分析方法,接头力学性能,隧道结构纵向稳定性,施工期流固耦合效应及上浮机理,施工荷载的影响,火灾的影响与评估,水环境作用下管片衬砌结构的长期耐久性及结构性能评价等.最后,讨论了尚存的问题以及相关结构问题的研究趋势.
With the construction of underwater shield tunnels with large cross-section in China,some structural problems become more prominent,and the structure safety is a new challenge to face.The structure of underwater shield tunnels with large cross-section is becoming a research hotspot.Structural issues of large river-crossing or sea-crossing shield tunnels have inseparable relation to national preparedness and public safety.For the structural issues in design,construction and long-term operation,the recent developments in related fields were reviewed,including the analysis method and mechanical characteristics of segmental lining structures,the longitudinal stability of structure,the seismic behavior and vibration-absorption measures for shield tunnels and their secondary structures.In addition,the recent research results and new progress were summarized,including the analysis method and mechanical characteristics of segmental lining structures,the behavior of joints,the longitudinal stability of structure,the effect of coupling seepage and stress fields,and the upward movement of shield tunnel,the influence of abnormal loads in construction,the impact and evaluation of a fire in a tunnel,and the long-term durability and evaluation of segmental lining structures under a water environment.Moreover,a development tendency of the structural issues and problems to be solved were discussed.
With the construction of underwater shield tunnels with large cross-section in China,some structural problems become more prominent,and the structure safety is a new challenge to face.The structure of underwater shield tunnels with large cross-section is becoming a research hotspot.Structural issues of large river-crossing or sea-crossing shield tunnels have inseparable relation to national preparedness and public safety.For the structural issues in design,construction and long-term operation,the recent developments in related fields were reviewed,including the analysis method and mechanical characteristics of segmental lining structures,the longitudinal stability of structure,the seismic behavior and vibration-absorption measures for shield tunnels and their secondary structures.In addition,the recent research results and new progress were summarized,including the analysis method and mechanical characteristics of segmental lining structures,the behavior of joints,the longitudinal stability of structure,the effect of coupling seepage and stress fields,and the upward movement of shield tunnel,the influence of abnormal loads in construction,the impact and evaluation of a fire in a tunnel,and the long-term durability and evaluation of segmental lining structures under a water environment.Moreover,a development tendency of the structural issues and problems to be solved were discussed.
引文
[1]何川,张建刚,苏宗贤.大断面水下隧道结构力学特性[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:1-3.
[2]入江建二,新野均.シルドトンネルの覆工技術(7)[J].トンネルと地下,1993(3):58-64.
[3]〔日〕土木学会.隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说[M].朱伟,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:36-39.
[4]村上博智,小泉淳.シルドセグメントリングの耐荷機構にっぃて[J].土木學会論文集,1978(150):103-115.
[5]KOIZUMI A.On the design method of the shield tunnellining[J].Memoirs of the School of Science andEngineering,Waseda University,1992(56):125-177.
[6]林光俊.ほぞセグメトの力学特性おょびその合理的製造方法に関すゐ研究[D].東京:早稲田大学大学院理工学研究科,1997.
[7]张厚美,过迟,傅德明.圆形隧道装配式衬砌接头刚度模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):309-313.ZHANG Houmei,GUO Chi,FU Deming.A study onthe stiffness model of circular tunnel prefabricated lining[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):309-313.
[8]小泉淳,村上博智.シルドトンネルの軸方向特性のモデル化について[J].土木学会論文集,1988(394):79-88.
[9]志波由紀夫,川島一彦,加納尚史,など.シルトトンネルの耐震解析に用いる長手方向覆工剛性の評価法[J].土木学会論文集,1988(398):319-327.
[10]川島一彦.地下构造物の耐震设计[M].東京:鹿岛出版会,1994:45-49.
[11]和佐勇次郎,三木克彦,林光俊.二次覆工を有するシ?ルドトンネルの地震動[J].土木学会論文集,1991(436):47-56.
[12]何川.シルドトンネル縦断方向の地震?動に関する研究[D].東京:早稲田大学大学院理工学研究科,1999.
[13]苏宗贤,何川.盾构隧道管片衬砌内力分析的壳-弹簧-接触计算模型及其应用[J].工程力学,2007,24(7):131-136.SU Zongxian,HE Chuan.Shell-spring-contact modelfor shield tunnel segmental lining analysis and itsapplication[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(7):131-136.
[14]苏宗贤,何川.荷载-结构模式的壳-弹簧-接触模型[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(3):288-292.SU Zongxian,HE Chuan.Shell-spring-contact modelfor load and structure interaction[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,2007,42(3):288-292.
[15]张建刚,何川,杨征.武汉长江隧道管片衬砌结构受幅宽影响的力学分布特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):3763-3769.ZHANG Jiangang,HE Chuan,YANG Zheng.Studyon mechanical distribution characteristic of liningstructure influenced by segment width for WuhanYangtze River tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Sup.2):3763-3769.
[16]张建刚.大断面水下盾构隧道的相似模型试验及结构内力分析[D].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2008.
[17]张建刚,何川,杨征.大断面宽幅盾构管片三维内力分布分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2058-2062.ZHANG Jiangang,HE Chuan,YANG Zheng.Analysisof 3D internal forces distribution of wide segment liningfor large-section shield tunnel[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2009,30(7):2058-2062.
[18]何川,封坤,杨雄.南京长江隧道超大断面管片衬砌结构体的相似模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):3763-3769.HE Chuan,FENG Kun,YANG Xiong.Model test oflarge profile segmental lining for Nanjing Changjiangtunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(11):3763-3769.
[19]滝本孝哉,林光俊,藤正幸.シルドトンネル用ライニングの力学実験(その1)実験大リング載荷実験について[J].土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集第3部,1994,49:1330-1331.
[20]王彪,刘祖华,鲁亮.上海崇明越江隧道衬砌整环试验加载方法研究[J].施工技术,2006,35(增刊):52-54.WANG Biao,LIU Zuhua,LU Liang.A loadingmethod of the test for lining whole wreath of ShanghaiChongming Tunnel[J].Construction Technology,2006,35(Sup.):52-54.
[21]苏宗贤.超大断面水下盾构隧道原型结构试验及结构分析模型研究[D].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2008.
[22]朱合华,顾赟,丁文其,等.青草沙水源地原工程输水隧道衬砌管片接头试验[C]∥第五届中日盾构隧道技术交流会论文集.成都:西南交通大学出版社,2009:501-507.
[23]曾东洋.盾构隧道衬砌结构力学行为及施工对环境的影响研究[D].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2005.
[24]许金华,何川,夏炜洋.水下盾构隧道渗流场应力场耦合效应研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3519-3527.XU Jinhua,HE Chuan,XIA Weiyang.Research oncoupling seepage field and stress field analyses ofunderwater shield tunnel[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2009,30(11):3519-3527.
[25]BLOM C B M,VAN DER HORST E J,JOVANOVICP S.Three-dimension structure analyses of the shield-driven“Green Heart”tunnel of high-speed linesouth[J].Tunneling and Underground SpaceTechnology,1999,14(2):217-224.
[26]叶飞.软土盾构隧道施工期上浮机理分析及控制研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2007.
[27]MO H H,CHEN J S.Study on inner force anddislocation of segments caused by shield machineattitude[J].Tunneling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2008,23(3):281-291.
[28]Working Group No.2,International TunnelingAssociation.Guidelines for the design of shield tunnellining[J].Tunneling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2000,15(3):303-331.
[29]叶飞,朱合华,何川.盾构隧道壁后注浆扩散模式及对管片的压力分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1307-1312.YE Fei,ZHU Hehua,HE Chuan.Back-filled groutsdiffusion model and its pressure to segments of shieldtunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1307-1312.
[30]KIRKLAND C J.The fire in the channel tunnel[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,17(2):129-132.
[31]闫治国.隧道衬砌结构火灾高温力学行为及耐火方法研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2007.
[32]工藤泉,郭树棠.耐久性与防蚀性的研究:东京湾越湾公路盾构隧道[J].隧道译丛,1994(10):20-28.
[33]POSTM L,VAN DE LINDE F W J,RADEMARKERE J C.The Westerchelde tunnel-using a sensor-basedsystem for durability monitoring for the tunnellining[J].Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2004,19:325.
[34]伍振志.越江盾构隧道耐久性若干关键问题研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2007.
[35]杨林德,伍振志,时蓓玲,等.开裂及接缝渗漏条件下越江盾构隧道管片混凝土氯离子运移规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1826-1831.YANG Linde,WU Zhenzhi,SHI Beiling,et al.Chloride migration in segment concrete of river-crossingshield tunnels with cracks and joint leakage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1826-1831.
[36]伍振志,杨林德,潘洪科.隧道衬砌混凝土碳化试验及影响因素研究[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(1):72-77.WU Zhenzhi,YANG Linde,PAN Hongke.Researchon carbonation test of tunnel lining concrete and itsinfluence factors[J].China Journal of Highway andTransport,2009,22(1):72-77.
[2]入江建二,新野均.シルドトンネルの覆工技術(7)[J].トンネルと地下,1993(3):58-64.
[3]〔日〕土木学会.隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说[M].朱伟,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:36-39.
[4]村上博智,小泉淳.シルドセグメントリングの耐荷機構にっぃて[J].土木學会論文集,1978(150):103-115.
[5]KOIZUMI A.On the design method of the shield tunnellining[J].Memoirs of the School of Science andEngineering,Waseda University,1992(56):125-177.
[6]林光俊.ほぞセグメトの力学特性おょびその合理的製造方法に関すゐ研究[D].東京:早稲田大学大学院理工学研究科,1997.
[7]张厚美,过迟,傅德明.圆形隧道装配式衬砌接头刚度模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):309-313.ZHANG Houmei,GUO Chi,FU Deming.A study onthe stiffness model of circular tunnel prefabricated lining[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):309-313.
[8]小泉淳,村上博智.シルドトンネルの軸方向特性のモデル化について[J].土木学会論文集,1988(394):79-88.
[9]志波由紀夫,川島一彦,加納尚史,など.シルトトンネルの耐震解析に用いる長手方向覆工剛性の評価法[J].土木学会論文集,1988(398):319-327.
[10]川島一彦.地下构造物の耐震设计[M].東京:鹿岛出版会,1994:45-49.
[11]和佐勇次郎,三木克彦,林光俊.二次覆工を有するシ?ルドトンネルの地震動[J].土木学会論文集,1991(436):47-56.
[12]何川.シルドトンネル縦断方向の地震?動に関する研究[D].東京:早稲田大学大学院理工学研究科,1999.
[13]苏宗贤,何川.盾构隧道管片衬砌内力分析的壳-弹簧-接触计算模型及其应用[J].工程力学,2007,24(7):131-136.SU Zongxian,HE Chuan.Shell-spring-contact modelfor shield tunnel segmental lining analysis and itsapplication[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(7):131-136.
[14]苏宗贤,何川.荷载-结构模式的壳-弹簧-接触模型[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(3):288-292.SU Zongxian,HE Chuan.Shell-spring-contact modelfor load and structure interaction[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,2007,42(3):288-292.
[15]张建刚,何川,杨征.武汉长江隧道管片衬砌结构受幅宽影响的力学分布特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):3763-3769.ZHANG Jiangang,HE Chuan,YANG Zheng.Studyon mechanical distribution characteristic of liningstructure influenced by segment width for WuhanYangtze River tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Sup.2):3763-3769.
[16]张建刚.大断面水下盾构隧道的相似模型试验及结构内力分析[D].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2008.
[17]张建刚,何川,杨征.大断面宽幅盾构管片三维内力分布分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2058-2062.ZHANG Jiangang,HE Chuan,YANG Zheng.Analysisof 3D internal forces distribution of wide segment liningfor large-section shield tunnel[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2009,30(7):2058-2062.
[18]何川,封坤,杨雄.南京长江隧道超大断面管片衬砌结构体的相似模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):3763-3769.HE Chuan,FENG Kun,YANG Xiong.Model test oflarge profile segmental lining for Nanjing Changjiangtunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(11):3763-3769.
[19]滝本孝哉,林光俊,藤正幸.シルドトンネル用ライニングの力学実験(その1)実験大リング載荷実験について[J].土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集第3部,1994,49:1330-1331.
[20]王彪,刘祖华,鲁亮.上海崇明越江隧道衬砌整环试验加载方法研究[J].施工技术,2006,35(增刊):52-54.WANG Biao,LIU Zuhua,LU Liang.A loadingmethod of the test for lining whole wreath of ShanghaiChongming Tunnel[J].Construction Technology,2006,35(Sup.):52-54.
[21]苏宗贤.超大断面水下盾构隧道原型结构试验及结构分析模型研究[D].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2008.
[22]朱合华,顾赟,丁文其,等.青草沙水源地原工程输水隧道衬砌管片接头试验[C]∥第五届中日盾构隧道技术交流会论文集.成都:西南交通大学出版社,2009:501-507.
[23]曾东洋.盾构隧道衬砌结构力学行为及施工对环境的影响研究[D].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2005.
[24]许金华,何川,夏炜洋.水下盾构隧道渗流场应力场耦合效应研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3519-3527.XU Jinhua,HE Chuan,XIA Weiyang.Research oncoupling seepage field and stress field analyses ofunderwater shield tunnel[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2009,30(11):3519-3527.
[25]BLOM C B M,VAN DER HORST E J,JOVANOVICP S.Three-dimension structure analyses of the shield-driven“Green Heart”tunnel of high-speed linesouth[J].Tunneling and Underground SpaceTechnology,1999,14(2):217-224.
[26]叶飞.软土盾构隧道施工期上浮机理分析及控制研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2007.
[27]MO H H,CHEN J S.Study on inner force anddislocation of segments caused by shield machineattitude[J].Tunneling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2008,23(3):281-291.
[28]Working Group No.2,International TunnelingAssociation.Guidelines for the design of shield tunnellining[J].Tunneling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2000,15(3):303-331.
[29]叶飞,朱合华,何川.盾构隧道壁后注浆扩散模式及对管片的压力分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1307-1312.YE Fei,ZHU Hehua,HE Chuan.Back-filled groutsdiffusion model and its pressure to segments of shieldtunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1307-1312.
[30]KIRKLAND C J.The fire in the channel tunnel[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,17(2):129-132.
[31]闫治国.隧道衬砌结构火灾高温力学行为及耐火方法研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2007.
[32]工藤泉,郭树棠.耐久性与防蚀性的研究:东京湾越湾公路盾构隧道[J].隧道译丛,1994(10):20-28.
[33]POSTM L,VAN DE LINDE F W J,RADEMARKERE J C.The Westerchelde tunnel-using a sensor-basedsystem for durability monitoring for the tunnellining[J].Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2004,19:325.
[34]伍振志.越江盾构隧道耐久性若干关键问题研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2007.
[35]杨林德,伍振志,时蓓玲,等.开裂及接缝渗漏条件下越江盾构隧道管片混凝土氯离子运移规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1826-1831.YANG Linde,WU Zhenzhi,SHI Beiling,et al.Chloride migration in segment concrete of river-crossingshield tunnels with cracks and joint leakage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1826-1831.
[36]伍振志,杨林德,潘洪科.隧道衬砌混凝土碳化试验及影响因素研究[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(1):72-77.WU Zhenzhi,YANG Linde,PAN Hongke.Researchon carbonation test of tunnel lining concrete and itsinfluence factors[J].China Journal of Highway andTransport,2009,22(1):72-77.
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