软弱围岩隧道抗震设防措施
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摘要
隧道的抗震设防一直只注重结构的强度,而忽视了结构的变形能力和软弱围岩的抗震能力。对软弱围岩隧道震害机理和抗震设防措施的分析表明:锚杆(锚管)和围岩注浆加固措施能提高软弱围岩的抗震性;合理的结构刚度、高性能的建筑材料和高阻尼结构能改善衬砌结构适应地震位移的能力;减震层、抗震缝和预留错台能减轻震害影响。
It is always the case that seismic fortification of tunnel designs emphasizes the structural strength and ignores the structural deformation ability and aseismatic capacity of soft rock masses.This analysis of the mechanism of earthquake damage to tunnels in soft surrounding rock and aseismic fortification measures show that: reinforcement by anchor bolts(anchor-tubes) and rock mass grouting can improve the aseismic capability of the soft rock mass;reasonable structural rigidity,high-performance materials and high-damping structures can improve the ability of the lining structure to adapt to the displacement caused by earthquakes;and the seismic-reducing layer,aseismatic joint and reserved stagger-step can reduce the impact of earthquake damage.
It is always the case that seismic fortification of tunnel designs emphasizes the structural strength and ignores the structural deformation ability and aseismatic capacity of soft rock masses.This analysis of the mechanism of earthquake damage to tunnels in soft surrounding rock and aseismic fortification measures show that: reinforcement by anchor bolts(anchor-tubes) and rock mass grouting can improve the aseismic capability of the soft rock mass;reasonable structural rigidity,high-performance materials and high-damping structures can improve the ability of the lining structure to adapt to the displacement caused by earthquakes;and the seismic-reducing layer,aseismatic joint and reserved stagger-step can reduce the impact of earthquake damage.
引文
[1]钱七虎,何川,晏启祥.隧道工程动力响应特性与汶川地震隧道震害分析及启示[C].中国岩石力学与工程学会.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,2009,608-618 Qian Qihu,He Chuan,Yan Qixiang.Analysis of Characteristics of Tunnel Dynamic Response and Tunnel Damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake[C].Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Investigation and Analysis of Engineering Dam-ages in the Wenchuan Earthquake.Beijing:Science Press,2009,608-618
[2]陈贵红,李海清,钟勇,李泳伸.国道213线都江堰至汶川段隧道震害调查与分析[J].西南公路,2008,(4):801-807 Chen Guihong,Li Haiqing,Zhong Yong,Li Yongshen.Investigation and Analysis on Tunnel Earthquake Damage of the Section from Dujiangyan to Wenchuan on No.213National Highway[J].Southwest Highway,2008,(4):801-807
[3]陈贵红,李海清.龙溪隧道典型震害分析[C].中国岩石力学与工程学会.和谐地球上的水工岩石力学--第三届全国水工岩石力学学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,2010,308-312 Chen Guihong,Li Haiqing.Typical Earthquake Damage Analysis of Longxi Tunnel[C].Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Hydraulic Rock Mechanics on Harmony Earth--the Proceedings of Third National Conference of Hydraulic Rock Mechanics.Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2010,308-312
[4]陶双江,吉随旺."512"汶川大地震后四川部分公路隧道震害初步分析[J].西南公路,2008,(4):120-124 Tao Shuangjiang,Ji Suiwang.Preliminary Analysis on Earthquake Damage of Some Road Tunnels in Sichuan after the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Southwest Highway,2008,(4):120-124
[5]李明军.公路隧道工程地震灾害成因及修复技术探讨[C].中国岩石力学与工程学会.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,2009,904-907 Li Mingjun.Study on Causes of Earthquake Disaster and Restoration Techniques for Highway Tunnel[C].Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Investigation and Analysis of Engineering Damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake.Beijing:Science Press,2009,904-907
[6]甘目飞.隧道工程的震害调查及病害浅析[C].中国岩石力学与工程学会.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,2009,651-656 Gan Mufei.Investigation and Analysis of Earthquake Damages of Tunnel Engineering[C].Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Investigation and Analysis of Engineering Damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake.Beijing:Science Press,2009,651-656
[7]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003 Guan Baoshu.Collection of Key Points in Construction of Tunnel Projects[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2003
[8]李小云,戴俊.城市浅埋隧道的抗震及减震措施研究[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(1):51-55 Li Xiaoyun,Dai Jun.Aseismic and Seismic-reducing Measures for Shallow Urban Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(1):51-55
[9]吕淑杰.隧道地震反应若干影响因素研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007 Lu Shujie.The Influence of Some Factors to Seismic Response of Tunnel[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2007
[10]唐锞.山岭隧道洞口段地震动力响应影响因素规律研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009 Tang Ke.Study on the Influence Factors of Seismic Dynamic Response at Portal Section of Mountain Tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009
[11]梁波,王志勇.浅埋偏压隧道地震动力特性及稳定性分析[J].公路交通技术,2008,(6):96-99 Liang Bo,Wang Zhiyong.Analysis of Seismic Dynamic Property and Stability of Shallow Burying and Biased Tunnel[J].Technol-ogy of Highway and Transport,2008,(6):96-99
[12]高丽,陈燕华.基于ANSYS的隧道减震措施及分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(4):495-498 Gao Li,Chen Yanhua.Analysis of Shock Absorption Measures in Tunnels Based on ANSYS Software[J].Journal of Shihezi Uni-versity(Natural Science),2008,26(4):495-498
[13]凌燕婷,高波.高烈度地震区双线公路隧道减震措施研究[J].隧道建设,2008,28(4):412-415 Ling Yanting,Gao Bo.Study on Shock Absorption Measures for Double-lane Highway Tunnels in High Earthquake Intensity Re-gions[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(4):412-415
[14]邵根大,骆文海,李福庭,张瑞龙.强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐震性的研究[J].中国铁道科学,1992,(13):93-109 Shao Genda,Luo Wenhai,Li Futing,Zhang Ruilong.An Investigation on Aseismic Behaviors of Railway Tunnel Lining during Strong Earthquake[J].China Railway Science,1992,(13):93-109
[15]关宝树.软弱围岩隧道变形及其控制技术[J].隧道建设,2011,31(1):1-17 Guan Baoshu.Deformation of Tunnels with Soft Surrounding Rocks and its Control[J].Tunnel Construction,2011,31(1):1-17
[2]陈贵红,李海清,钟勇,李泳伸.国道213线都江堰至汶川段隧道震害调查与分析[J].西南公路,2008,(4):801-807 Chen Guihong,Li Haiqing,Zhong Yong,Li Yongshen.Investigation and Analysis on Tunnel Earthquake Damage of the Section from Dujiangyan to Wenchuan on No.213National Highway[J].Southwest Highway,2008,(4):801-807
[3]陈贵红,李海清.龙溪隧道典型震害分析[C].中国岩石力学与工程学会.和谐地球上的水工岩石力学--第三届全国水工岩石力学学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,2010,308-312 Chen Guihong,Li Haiqing.Typical Earthquake Damage Analysis of Longxi Tunnel[C].Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Hydraulic Rock Mechanics on Harmony Earth--the Proceedings of Third National Conference of Hydraulic Rock Mechanics.Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2010,308-312
[4]陶双江,吉随旺."512"汶川大地震后四川部分公路隧道震害初步分析[J].西南公路,2008,(4):120-124 Tao Shuangjiang,Ji Suiwang.Preliminary Analysis on Earthquake Damage of Some Road Tunnels in Sichuan after the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Southwest Highway,2008,(4):120-124
[5]李明军.公路隧道工程地震灾害成因及修复技术探讨[C].中国岩石力学与工程学会.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,2009,904-907 Li Mingjun.Study on Causes of Earthquake Disaster and Restoration Techniques for Highway Tunnel[C].Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Investigation and Analysis of Engineering Damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake.Beijing:Science Press,2009,904-907
[6]甘目飞.隧道工程的震害调查及病害浅析[C].中国岩石力学与工程学会.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,2009,651-656 Gan Mufei.Investigation and Analysis of Earthquake Damages of Tunnel Engineering[C].Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Investigation and Analysis of Engineering Damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake.Beijing:Science Press,2009,651-656
[7]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003 Guan Baoshu.Collection of Key Points in Construction of Tunnel Projects[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2003
[8]李小云,戴俊.城市浅埋隧道的抗震及减震措施研究[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(1):51-55 Li Xiaoyun,Dai Jun.Aseismic and Seismic-reducing Measures for Shallow Urban Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(1):51-55
[9]吕淑杰.隧道地震反应若干影响因素研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007 Lu Shujie.The Influence of Some Factors to Seismic Response of Tunnel[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2007
[10]唐锞.山岭隧道洞口段地震动力响应影响因素规律研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009 Tang Ke.Study on the Influence Factors of Seismic Dynamic Response at Portal Section of Mountain Tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009
[11]梁波,王志勇.浅埋偏压隧道地震动力特性及稳定性分析[J].公路交通技术,2008,(6):96-99 Liang Bo,Wang Zhiyong.Analysis of Seismic Dynamic Property and Stability of Shallow Burying and Biased Tunnel[J].Technol-ogy of Highway and Transport,2008,(6):96-99
[12]高丽,陈燕华.基于ANSYS的隧道减震措施及分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(4):495-498 Gao Li,Chen Yanhua.Analysis of Shock Absorption Measures in Tunnels Based on ANSYS Software[J].Journal of Shihezi Uni-versity(Natural Science),2008,26(4):495-498
[13]凌燕婷,高波.高烈度地震区双线公路隧道减震措施研究[J].隧道建设,2008,28(4):412-415 Ling Yanting,Gao Bo.Study on Shock Absorption Measures for Double-lane Highway Tunnels in High Earthquake Intensity Re-gions[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(4):412-415
[14]邵根大,骆文海,李福庭,张瑞龙.强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐震性的研究[J].中国铁道科学,1992,(13):93-109 Shao Genda,Luo Wenhai,Li Futing,Zhang Ruilong.An Investigation on Aseismic Behaviors of Railway Tunnel Lining during Strong Earthquake[J].China Railway Science,1992,(13):93-109
[15]关宝树.软弱围岩隧道变形及其控制技术[J].隧道建设,2011,31(1):1-17 Guan Baoshu.Deformation of Tunnels with Soft Surrounding Rocks and its Control[J].Tunnel Construction,2011,31(1):1-17
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