隧道进口段坡体裂缝发生与控制机理
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摘要
隧道进口施工一直是困扰大型隧道施工的技术难题,在偏压地段更是如此,结合张家口至石家庄高速公路北口隧道进口段工程,针对工程开挖后初期支护和坡体产生裂缝这一隧道进口段代表性工程问题展开了专项研究。采用理论分析与监测试验相结合的研究方法,在全面研究偏压隧道进口段工程裂缝发生机理的基础上,提出了非均匀支护控制措施,并通过控制效果监测数据的稳定性评价验证了机理和措施的合理性。研究结果表明:基于围岩压力和隧道开挖后松动圈、塑性区及变形计算理论,通过支护结构特征曲线与围岩支护需求曲线相结合,分析了北口隧道进口段初期支护和坡体裂缝发生机理;在裂缝发生机理研究的基础上,基于支护结构刚度思想确定了非均匀支护参数。
Tunnel entrance construction has been a technical problem puzzled large-scale tunnel construction,especially in bias sections.A special research on the typical problem of the crack of initial supporting and slope after engineering excavating is conducted combining with the Beikou tunnel entrance project of Zhangjiakou-Shijiazhuang expressway in Hebei Province.Based on the comprehensive study of crack occurrence and development mechanism of bias tunnel entrance engineering,with the methods of theoretical analysis and monitoring test,non-uniform support and control measures are proposed,and the rationality of the mechanism and control measures is verified through the stability evaluation of control effect monitoring data.The results show that:(1) with the methods of surrounding rock pressure,broken-rock circle,plastic zone and deformation theories when the tunnel excavated,through combining support structure characteristics curve with wall rock support demand curve,the primary support and slope crack occurrence mechanism in the Beikou tunnel entrance are proposed;(2) based on the study of crack occurrence mechanism,non-uniform support parameters are defined using supporting structure stiffness thought.
Tunnel entrance construction has been a technical problem puzzled large-scale tunnel construction,especially in bias sections.A special research on the typical problem of the crack of initial supporting and slope after engineering excavating is conducted combining with the Beikou tunnel entrance project of Zhangjiakou-Shijiazhuang expressway in Hebei Province.Based on the comprehensive study of crack occurrence and development mechanism of bias tunnel entrance engineering,with the methods of theoretical analysis and monitoring test,non-uniform support and control measures are proposed,and the rationality of the mechanism and control measures is verified through the stability evaluation of control effect monitoring data.The results show that:(1) with the methods of surrounding rock pressure,broken-rock circle,plastic zone and deformation theories when the tunnel excavated,through combining support structure characteristics curve with wall rock support demand curve,the primary support and slope crack occurrence mechanism in the Beikou tunnel entrance are proposed;(2) based on the study of crack occurrence mechanism,non-uniform support parameters are defined using supporting structure stiffness thought.
引文
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[16]POUYAA,GHOREYCHI M.Determination of Rock MassStrength Properties by Homogenization[J].InternationalJournal for Numerical and Analytical Methods inGeomechanics,2001,25(13):1285-1303.
[17]叶飞,何川,夏永旭.公路隧道衬砌裂缝的跟踪监测与分析研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(7):97-104.YE Fei,HE Chuan,XIA Yongxu.Post-constructionMonitoring and Analysis for Highway Tunnel Lining Cracks[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(7):97-104.
[18]龚成明,程谦恭,杨林浩.黄土高边坡开挖过程的变形监测分析[J].铁道学报,2010,32(5):119-124.GONG Chengming,CHENG Qiangong,YANG Linhao.Case Study of Deformation Behaviour of High Loess Slopein Excavation[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2010,32(5):119-124.
[19]贾明辉.隧道洞口边坡稳定性与控制技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.JIA Minghui.Research on the Slop Stability and ControlTechnique at the Tunnel Entrance[D].Shanghai:TongjiUniversity,2007.
[2]PARK K H,TONTAVANICH B,LEE J G.A SimpleProcedure for Ground Response Curve of Circular Tunnelin Elastic-strain Softening Rock Masses[J].Tunnelingand Underground Space Technology,2008,23(2):151-159.
[3]邬洪波,周荣贵,廖军洪,等.高速公路隧道进口段的安全评价技术[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(10):126-132.WU Hongbo,ZHOU Ronggui,LIAO Junhong,et al.Safety Evaluation Techniques for Tunnel Entrance Sectionson Expressway[J].Journal of Highway andTransportation Research and Development,2012,29(10):126-132.
[4]张希黔,周敬,葛勇,等.基于数值计算的楔形体稳定性分析方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(11):1-7.ZHANG Xiqian,ZHOU Jing,GE Yong,et al.AnalysisMethod of Stability of Sliding Wedge Based on NumericalSimulation[J].Journal of Highway and TransportationResearch and Development,2010,27(11):1-7.
[5]DAY M J.Karstic Problems in the Construction ofMilwaukee's Deep Tunnels[J].Environmental Geology,2003,45(6):859-863.
[6]汪宏,蒋超.浅埋偏压隧道洞口坍方数值分析与处治[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3481-3485.WANG Hong,JIANG Chao.Numerical Analysis of aCollapsed Portal for Shallow Tunnel under AsymmetricalPressure and Its Treatment[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2009,30(11):3481-3485.
[7]杨小礼,黄波,王作伟.水平地震力作用下浅埋偏压隧道松动围岩压力的研究[J].中南大学学报,2010,41(3):1096-1095.YANG Xiaoli,HUANG Bo,WANG Zuowei.Rock FailurePressure of Shallow Tunnel Subjected to Horizontal Seismicand Unsymmetrical Loads[J].Journal of Central SouthUniversity,2010,41(3):1096-1095.
[8]HASHASH Y,HOOK J,SCHMIDT B,et al.SeismicDesign and Analysis of Underground Structures[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(1):247-293.
[9]YASHIRO K,KOJIMA Y,SHIMIZU M.HistoricalEarthquake Damage to Tunnels in Japan and Case Studiesof Railway Tunnels in the 2004 Niigataken-ChuetsuEarthquake[J].Quarterly Report of Railway TechnicalResearch Institute,2007,48(3):136-141.
[10]SANCHEZ-MERINO A L,FERNANDEZ-SAEZ J,NAVARRO C.Simplified Longitudinal Seismic Responseof Tunnels Linings Subjected to Surface Waves[J].SoilDynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29(3):579-582.
[11]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.高速公路偏压隧道施工动态监测与有限元仿真模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):284-289.WANG Xiangqiu,YANG Linde,GAO Wenhua.DynamicMonitoring and Fem Simulation Analysis of an ExpresswayTunnel with Unsymmetrical Loadings[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(2):284-289.
[12]张敏,黄润秋,巨能攀.浅埋偏压隧道出口变形机理及稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):482-488.ZHANG Min,HUANG Runqiu,JU Nengpan.DeformationMechanism and Stability Analysis of a High Slope at Portalof Compressed Tunnel at Shallow Depth[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2008,16(4):482-488.
[13]王海成.大采高综采煤层塑性区计算分析[J].煤炭技术,2009,28(7):74-76.WANG Haicheng.Numerical Research on Plastic Zone ofBig Mining Height in Fully Mechanized Coal Seam[J].Coal Technology,2009,28(7):74-76.
[14]孙金山,卢文波.非轴对称荷载下圆形隧洞围岩弹塑性分析解析解[J].岩土力学,2009,28(S):327-333.SUN Jinshan,LU Wenbo.Analytical ElastoplasticSolutions to Supporting Rock Masses of Circular Tunnelsunder Asymmetric Load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,28(S):327-333.
[15]侯艳娟,张顶立,郭富利.涌水隧道支护对围岩力学性质的影响[J].中南大学学报,2010,41(3):1152-1157.HOU Yanjuan,ZHANG Dingli,GUO Fuli.Influences ofSupport on Mechanical Property of Rock in Water-containing Tunnel[J].Journal of Central SouthUniversity,2010,41(3):1152-1157.
[16]POUYAA,GHOREYCHI M.Determination of Rock MassStrength Properties by Homogenization[J].InternationalJournal for Numerical and Analytical Methods inGeomechanics,2001,25(13):1285-1303.
[17]叶飞,何川,夏永旭.公路隧道衬砌裂缝的跟踪监测与分析研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(7):97-104.YE Fei,HE Chuan,XIA Yongxu.Post-constructionMonitoring and Analysis for Highway Tunnel Lining Cracks[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(7):97-104.
[18]龚成明,程谦恭,杨林浩.黄土高边坡开挖过程的变形监测分析[J].铁道学报,2010,32(5):119-124.GONG Chengming,CHENG Qiangong,YANG Linhao.Case Study of Deformation Behaviour of High Loess Slopein Excavation[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2010,32(5):119-124.
[19]贾明辉.隧道洞口边坡稳定性与控制技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.JIA Minghui.Research on the Slop Stability and ControlTechnique at the Tunnel Entrance[D].Shanghai:TongjiUniversity,2007.
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