高速铁路圆端形实体桥墩抗震性能试验研究
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摘要
圆端形实体桥墩在高速铁路中广泛使用,有纵横方向长度比大,纵筋率较小等特点,目前该类桥墩已有的试验缺乏系统性和完善性,其抗震性能研究还不够充分。以当前高速铁路中常见的圆端形截面桥墩为原型,根据模型相似理论,改变影响抗震性能主要因素的设计变量,按正交试验设计方法,设计9根桥墩缩尺模型。在考虑恒定轴向力的作用下,进行低周反复荷载试验,得到不同桥墩模型的破坏特性、滞回曲线,依此分析各因素水平下桥墩的延性、耗能性能、刚度与强度退化规律。通过试验回归分析,比较分析剪跨比、轴压比、纵筋率与体积配箍率等4个因素对延性性能的影响程度。试验结果表明,纵筋率较低的圆端形实体桥墩的滞回曲线呈显著的捏缩状,轴压比和纵筋率的提高都将使桥墩的延性减小,而剪跨比与体积配箍率对延性影响较小。当纵筋率较低时桥墩的耗能性能较差,而提高纵筋率能够显著提高桥墩的耗能性能。
Solid piers with round ended cross-section are widely used in China high-speed railway.Bridge piers of this type have relatively high aspect ratio and low longitudinal reinforcement ratio.Existing experiments are not systematic and sufficient,so the seismic performance of this type of pier is still not understood enough.Derived from the prototype of round-ended piers in high-speed railway,nine large scale model piers were designed according to the model similitude theory.The orthogonal experiment method was used to consider the different design variables which can affect the seismic behaviors.The failure characteristics,hysteresis curves and skeleton curves were obtained based on cyclic loading tests considering axial load,and then the influence of each variable on the displacement ductility,energy dissipation,strength and stiffness degradation of the piers were analyzed.The main factors affecting ductility,including the axial compression ratio,the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the volume-stirrup ratio were discussed.It is found that the hysteresis curves have significant pinch in the models with low reinforcement ratio.The displacement ductility decreases with the axial load ratio and longitudinal reinforcement ratio,while the volume-stirrup ratio and shear span ratio have little effect on the ductility.The energy dissipation ability is poor when the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of the piers is relatively low,while the energy dissipation performace can be significantly improved by increasing the longitudinal reinforcement ratios.
Solid piers with round ended cross-section are widely used in China high-speed railway.Bridge piers of this type have relatively high aspect ratio and low longitudinal reinforcement ratio.Existing experiments are not systematic and sufficient,so the seismic performance of this type of pier is still not understood enough.Derived from the prototype of round-ended piers in high-speed railway,nine large scale model piers were designed according to the model similitude theory.The orthogonal experiment method was used to consider the different design variables which can affect the seismic behaviors.The failure characteristics,hysteresis curves and skeleton curves were obtained based on cyclic loading tests considering axial load,and then the influence of each variable on the displacement ductility,energy dissipation,strength and stiffness degradation of the piers were analyzed.The main factors affecting ductility,including the axial compression ratio,the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the volume-stirrup ratio were discussed.It is found that the hysteresis curves have significant pinch in the models with low reinforcement ratio.The displacement ductility decreases with the axial load ratio and longitudinal reinforcement ratio,while the volume-stirrup ratio and shear span ratio have little effect on the ductility.The energy dissipation ability is poor when the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of the piers is relatively low,while the energy dissipation performace can be significantly improved by increasing the longitudinal reinforcement ratios.
引文
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[11]鞠彦忠.低配筋圆端型铁路桥墩的抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004(Ju Yanzhong.Study onseismic performance of round-ended railway bridge pierswith low longitudinal steel ratio[D].Beijing:BeijingJiaotong University,2004(in Chinese))
[12]孙卓,李建中,闫贵平,等.钢筋混凝土单柱式桥墩抗震性能试验研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(2):160-164(Sun Zhuo,Li Jianzhong,Yan Guiping,etal.Experimental study on seismic performance of reinforcedconcrete one-column bridge piers[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(2):160-164(in Chinese))
[13]马坤全.铁路重力式桥墩桥梁抗震性能及抗震措施研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(增1):71-75(Ma Kunquan.Research on seismic character and earthquake resistancemeasures for railway bridge with gravity piers[J].Journalof the China Railway Society,2000,22(S1):71-75(inChinese))
[14]丁明波,陈兴冲.客运专线桥梁的抗震性能试验研究[C]//第十八届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.天津,2008:787-792
[15]贾红梅.客运专线圆端形桥墩的抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008(Jia Hongmei.Seismicperformance of round end pier in passenger railway[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2008(in Chinese))
[16]刘浩.少筋混凝土铁路桥墩的抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010(Liu Hao.Numerical simulationof rare-reinforced concrete railway bridge pier's seismicbehavior[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010(in Chinese))
[17]姬振豫.正交设计的方法与理论[M].香港,中国:世界科技出版社,2001
[18]JGJ101—1996建筑抗震试验方法规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997(JGJ101—1996Specification oftesting methods for earthquake resistant building[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1997(inChinese))
[19]Bayrak O,Sheikh S A.High-strength concrete columnsunder simulated earthquake loading[J].ACI StructuralJournal,1997,94(6):708-722
[20]司炳君,李宏男,王东升,等.基于位移设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究(Ⅰ):拟静力试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):123-129(Si Bingjun,LiHongnan,Wang Dongsheng,et al.Experimentalevaluation of the seismic performance of reinforced concretebridge piers designed on the basis of displacement(I):quasi-static test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2008,28(1):123-129(inChinese))
[2]陈惠发,段炼.桥梁工程抗震设计[M].蔡中民,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2008:66(ChenHuifa,DuanLian.Bridge engineering seismic design[M].CaiZhongmin,et al.translation.Beijing:China MachinePress,2008:66(in Chinese))
[3]Mander J B,Priestley M J N,Park R.The thoreticalstress-strain model for confined concrete[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,1988,114(8):1804-1826
[4]Mander J B,Mahmoodzadegan B,Bhadra S,et al.Seismic evaluation of a 30-year old non-ductile highwaybridge pier and its retrofit[R].Washington,DC:U.S.Department of Commerce,1996
[5]Kunnath S K,El-Bahy A,Taylor A,et al.Cumulativeseismic damage of reinforced concrete bridge piers[R].Washington,DC:U.S.Department of Commerce,1997
[6]范立础,卓卫东.桥梁延性抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:294
[7]李贵乾.钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究及数值分析[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2010(Li Guiqian.Experimental study and numerical analysis on seismicperformance of reinforced concrete bridge columns[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2010(inChinese))
[8]徐勇,金福海,杨福泰,等.武广铁路客运专线四院范围桥梁总体设计[J].铁道标准设计,2010(1):94-99(XuYong,Jin Fuhai,Yang Futai,et al.General design onbridges on Wuhan-Guangzhou railway passenger dedicatedline by CRFSDI[J].Railway Standard Design,2010(1):94-99(in Chinese))
[9]朱敏,杨咏漪,陈列,等.武广铁路客运专线桥墩设计研究分析[J].铁道标准设计,2010(1):100-104(ZhuMin,Yang Yongyi,Chen Lie,et al.Analysis on bridgepier design of Wuhan-Guangzhou railway passengerdedicated line[J].Railway Standard Design,2010(1):100-104(in Chinese))
[10]鞠彦忠,阎贵平,刘林.低配筋大比例尺圆端型桥墩抗震性能的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(11):65-69(Ju Yanzhong,Yan Guiping,Liu Lin.Experimentalstudy on seismic behaviors of large-scale RC round-endedpiers with low reinforcement ratio[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2003,36(11):65-69(in Chinese))
[11]鞠彦忠.低配筋圆端型铁路桥墩的抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004(Ju Yanzhong.Study onseismic performance of round-ended railway bridge pierswith low longitudinal steel ratio[D].Beijing:BeijingJiaotong University,2004(in Chinese))
[12]孙卓,李建中,闫贵平,等.钢筋混凝土单柱式桥墩抗震性能试验研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(2):160-164(Sun Zhuo,Li Jianzhong,Yan Guiping,etal.Experimental study on seismic performance of reinforcedconcrete one-column bridge piers[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(2):160-164(in Chinese))
[13]马坤全.铁路重力式桥墩桥梁抗震性能及抗震措施研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(增1):71-75(Ma Kunquan.Research on seismic character and earthquake resistancemeasures for railway bridge with gravity piers[J].Journalof the China Railway Society,2000,22(S1):71-75(inChinese))
[14]丁明波,陈兴冲.客运专线桥梁的抗震性能试验研究[C]//第十八届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.天津,2008:787-792
[15]贾红梅.客运专线圆端形桥墩的抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008(Jia Hongmei.Seismicperformance of round end pier in passenger railway[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2008(in Chinese))
[16]刘浩.少筋混凝土铁路桥墩的抗震性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010(Liu Hao.Numerical simulationof rare-reinforced concrete railway bridge pier's seismicbehavior[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010(in Chinese))
[17]姬振豫.正交设计的方法与理论[M].香港,中国:世界科技出版社,2001
[18]JGJ101—1996建筑抗震试验方法规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997(JGJ101—1996Specification oftesting methods for earthquake resistant building[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1997(inChinese))
[19]Bayrak O,Sheikh S A.High-strength concrete columnsunder simulated earthquake loading[J].ACI StructuralJournal,1997,94(6):708-722
[20]司炳君,李宏男,王东升,等.基于位移设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究(Ⅰ):拟静力试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):123-129(Si Bingjun,LiHongnan,Wang Dongsheng,et al.Experimentalevaluation of the seismic performance of reinforced concretebridge piers designed on the basis of displacement(I):quasi-static test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2008,28(1):123-129(inChinese))
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