兰州轨道交通建设中的工程地质问题与对策探讨
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摘要
研究目的:兰州轨道交通场区工程地质、水文地质条件比较复杂,岩土体类型变化较大,由此而产生的工程地质问题将比较多,为了更好地解决这些工程地质问题,本文对兰州轨道交通工程概况及地质环境进行分析,提出其主要工程地质问题处理对策及勘察工作的建议,为本工程设计提供依据。研究结论:(1)兰州轨道交通的主要工程地质问题有围岩稳定性,工程水害和渗透变形,轨道交通隧道建成后的工程积水、地基沉降等;(2)对兰州轨道交通建设中遇到的各种工程地质问题,选用新奥法、盾构法、明挖顺作法、盖挖逆作法、地下防渗墙、隔离桩等合理设计方案、施工对策,可使问题得到圆满解决或控制;(3)对轨道交通岩土勘察,应充分利用各种技术手段,除查明常规岩土力学参数,还应考虑电阻率、基床系数等参数,而且对不同的施工方法需进行差异性、针对性的勘察;(4)该研究成果可应用于轨道交通建设中工程地质问题的处理。
Research purposes: The engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions are rather complex along the Lanzhou rail transit,with lots of the engineering geological problems due to the big variety of rock and soil types. In order to solve the engineering geological problems better in this paper,the introduction is given to the general situation and geological environment of the Lanzhou rail transit and the main geological problems,the countermeasures for them and the ideas on the survey are presented. Research conclusions:(1) The main geological problems of the Lanzhou rail transit included the stability of the surrounding rock,the engineering water disaster,the seepage deformation,the engineering ponding after completion of the tunnel construction and the foundation settlement.(2) The various engineering problems faced in construction of the Lanzhou rail transit could be overcome or controlled by making the reasonable design scheme and taking the corresponding construction measures,such as using the New Austrian Tunneling Method,the shield tunneling method, the open cut method,the top-down method,the underground diaphragm wall and the isolation piles etc.(3) The various technical means should be used for the geotechnical survey for the rail transit. Besides,the routine geotechnical mechanics parameters should be well known,the parameters like the resistivity and foundation bed coefficient should also be considered. In addition,the differential and corresponding surveys should be conducted for the different construction methods.(4) This study results can be applied in treatment of the engineering geological problems in construction of rail transit.
Research purposes: The engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions are rather complex along the Lanzhou rail transit,with lots of the engineering geological problems due to the big variety of rock and soil types. In order to solve the engineering geological problems better in this paper,the introduction is given to the general situation and geological environment of the Lanzhou rail transit and the main geological problems,the countermeasures for them and the ideas on the survey are presented. Research conclusions:(1) The main geological problems of the Lanzhou rail transit included the stability of the surrounding rock,the engineering water disaster,the seepage deformation,the engineering ponding after completion of the tunnel construction and the foundation settlement.(2) The various engineering problems faced in construction of the Lanzhou rail transit could be overcome or controlled by making the reasonable design scheme and taking the corresponding construction measures,such as using the New Austrian Tunneling Method,the shield tunneling method, the open cut method,the top-down method,the underground diaphragm wall and the isolation piles etc.(3) The various technical means should be used for the geotechnical survey for the rail transit. Besides,the routine geotechnical mechanics parameters should be well known,the parameters like the resistivity and foundation bed coefficient should also be considered. In addition,the differential and corresponding surveys should be conducted for the different construction methods.(4) This study results can be applied in treatment of the engineering geological problems in construction of rail transit.
引文
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[5]程建军,严三保,蒋建平,等.南京地铁南北线主要工程地质问题认识与评价[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004(1):46-51.Cheng Jianjun,Yan Sanbao,Jiang Jianping,etc.Assessment on the Main Engineering Geological Problems in the South-north Line of Nanjing Metro[J].Journal of Earth Science and Enivronmental,2004(1):46-51.
[6]戴聚昌,袁道阳.兰州地区活动构造的基本特征[J].高原地震,2002(3):35-40.Dai Juchang,Yuan Daoyang.Principal Features of The Active Tectonics in Lanzhou Area[J].Platean Earthquake Research,2002(3):35-40.
[7]郭红梅,马培贤.北京轨道交通勘察的基本特点及工程地质问题分析[J].西部探矿工程,2008(12):186-189.Guo Hongmei,Ma Peixian.The Basic Characteristics of the Beijing Railway Survey and Geological Problems[J].West-china Exploration Engineering,2008(12):186-189.
[8]桂林.广州轨道交通五号线盾构施工关键技术[J].铁道工程学报,2007(11):76-82.Gui Lin.Key Construction Technologies in Shield Tunneling of Guangzhou Metro Line 5[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2007(11):76-82.
[9]赵希璋,陈志斌.兰州区域稳定性问题的探讨[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1990(3):137-142.Zhao Xizhang,Chen Zhibin.Investigate Regional Stability Problems of Lanzhou[J].Journal of University(Natural Sciences),1990(3):137-142.
[10]张豫川,羊群芳,张兴元,等.基于湿陷性和震陷性的黄土微结构[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2011(2):72-76.Zhang Yuchuan,Yang Qunfang,Zhang Xingyuan,etc.Microstructure of Loess in Collapsibility and Seismic Subsidence[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2011(2):72-76.
[2]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司.兰州城市轨道交通建设规划[R].西安:中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,2011.China Railway Frist Survey and Design Institute Group Ltd.The Lanzhou urban rail transit construction plan[R].Xi'an:China Railway Frist Survey and Design Institute Group Ltd,2011.
[3]杨礼显,刘承昌.兰州市古河道及有关地质问题[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1979(2):89-95.Yang Lixian,Liu Chengchang.The Ancient River and Geological Problems of Lanzhou[J].Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science),1979(2):89-95.
[4]何启明.兰州东盆地黄河古河道变迁研究[J].兰州教育学院学报,2002(4):22-27.He Qiming.Lanzhou East Basin of the Yellow River Paleochannel Change Research[J].Journal of Lanzhou Institute of Education,2002(4):22-27.
[5]程建军,严三保,蒋建平,等.南京地铁南北线主要工程地质问题认识与评价[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004(1):46-51.Cheng Jianjun,Yan Sanbao,Jiang Jianping,etc.Assessment on the Main Engineering Geological Problems in the South-north Line of Nanjing Metro[J].Journal of Earth Science and Enivronmental,2004(1):46-51.
[6]戴聚昌,袁道阳.兰州地区活动构造的基本特征[J].高原地震,2002(3):35-40.Dai Juchang,Yuan Daoyang.Principal Features of The Active Tectonics in Lanzhou Area[J].Platean Earthquake Research,2002(3):35-40.
[7]郭红梅,马培贤.北京轨道交通勘察的基本特点及工程地质问题分析[J].西部探矿工程,2008(12):186-189.Guo Hongmei,Ma Peixian.The Basic Characteristics of the Beijing Railway Survey and Geological Problems[J].West-china Exploration Engineering,2008(12):186-189.
[8]桂林.广州轨道交通五号线盾构施工关键技术[J].铁道工程学报,2007(11):76-82.Gui Lin.Key Construction Technologies in Shield Tunneling of Guangzhou Metro Line 5[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2007(11):76-82.
[9]赵希璋,陈志斌.兰州区域稳定性问题的探讨[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1990(3):137-142.Zhao Xizhang,Chen Zhibin.Investigate Regional Stability Problems of Lanzhou[J].Journal of University(Natural Sciences),1990(3):137-142.
[10]张豫川,羊群芳,张兴元,等.基于湿陷性和震陷性的黄土微结构[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2011(2):72-76.Zhang Yuchuan,Yang Qunfang,Zhang Xingyuan,etc.Microstructure of Loess in Collapsibility and Seismic Subsidence[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2011(2):72-76.
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