豫西义马地区中—晚三叠世古地震引起的软沉积物变形构造
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摘要
豫西义马地区中—上三叠统发现大量软沉积物变形构造,包括柱状构造、枕状构造、负载构造和卷曲层理构造,它们大多保存在河流沉积的上部及湖泊三角洲沉积中。通过形态学、遗迹学及镜下薄片分析表明,这些软沉积物变形与沉积物液化有关,其中河—湖相快速沉积为沉积物液化创造了条件,古地震活动是它们形成的主要触发因素。对比该地区中三叠统油房庄组与上三叠统椿树腰组软沉积物变形组合特征,认为秦岭造山带初始造山时间应在中三叠世油房庄组沉积时期,更强烈的造山活动发生在晚三叠世。
Soft-sediment deformation structures,which contain cylindrical structure,pillow structure,load structure and curly bedding structure,were largely preserved in the Middle-Upper Triassic in Yima region,western Henan Province.Most of them occurred in the upper part of fluvial and deltaic deposits,which represents fine-grain and more water-contained sediments.Although it is beneficial to liquefaction of sediments,the trigger of soft-sediment deformation structures is the palaeoearthquake activities from the Qinling Orogen.Comparison of soft-sediment deformation assemblages from the Youfangzhuang Formation with data from the Chunshuyao Formation reveals the initial orogeny of the Qinling Orogenic Belt happened in the later Middle Triassic and more intense activities in the Late Triassic.
Soft-sediment deformation structures,which contain cylindrical structure,pillow structure,load structure and curly bedding structure,were largely preserved in the Middle-Upper Triassic in Yima region,western Henan Province.Most of them occurred in the upper part of fluvial and deltaic deposits,which represents fine-grain and more water-contained sediments.Although it is beneficial to liquefaction of sediments,the trigger of soft-sediment deformation structures is the palaeoearthquake activities from the Qinling Orogen.Comparison of soft-sediment deformation assemblages from the Youfangzhuang Formation with data from the Chunshuyao Formation reveals the initial orogeny of the Qinling Orogenic Belt happened in the later Middle Triassic and more intense activities in the Late Triassic.
引文
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Sims J D.1973.Earthquake-induced structures in sediments of Van Nor-man Lake,San Fernando,California[J].Science,182:161-163.
Taggin C K,Türkmen I.2009.Analysis of soft-sediment deformation struc-tures in Neogene fluvio-lacustrine deposits ofaybagˇFormation,Eastern Turkey[J].Sedimentary Geology,218:16-30.
Tanner L H,Lucas S G.2010.Deposition and deformation of fluvial-lacus-trine sediments of the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic Whitmore PointMember,Moenave Formation,northern Arizona[J].Sedimentary Ge-ology,223:180-191.
Waldron J W F,Gagnon J F.2011.Recognizing soft-sediment structures indeformed rocks of orogens[J].Journal of Structural Geology,33:271-279.
Xu J F,Zhang B R,Han Y W.2008.Geochemistry of the Mian-Lue ophi-olites in the Qinling Mountains,central China:Constraints on the e-volution of the Qinling orogenic belt and collision of the North andSouth China Cratons[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,32:336-347.
陈武杰,袁静,李红哲,等.2010.柴达木盆地西南区震积作用及其研究意义[J].天然气地质学,21(2):230-237.
戴朝成,郑荣才,朱如凯,等.2009.四川类前陆盆地须家河组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地球科学进展,24(2):172-180.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,Shi G.,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-520.
高红灿,郑荣才,陈发亮,等.2010.东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组震积岩的认识及意义[J].古地理学报,12(4):384-398.
胡斌,杨文涛,宋慧波,等.2009.豫西济源地区早三叠世和尚沟组湖相遗迹化石及遗迹组构[J].沉积学报,27(4):53-61.
刘少峰,张国伟.2008.东秦岭—大别山及邻区盆—山系统演化与动力学[J].地质通报,27(12):1943-1960.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中的古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-73.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,41-42.
邵晓岩,田景春,张锦泉,等.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4+5油层组中的古地震记录[J].古地理学报,11(2):177-186.
田洪水,李洪奎,王金光,等.2007.沂沭断裂带及其近区的地震成因岩石新认识[J].地球学报,28(5):496-505.
吴智平,侯旭波,李伟.2007.华北东部地区中生代盆地格局及演化过程探讨[J].大地构造与成矿学,31(4):385-399.
张传恒,武振杰,高林志,等.2007.华北中元古界雾迷山组地震驱动的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D辑),37(3):336-343.
张国伟,孟庆任,于在平,等.1996.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征[J].中国科学(D辑),26(3):193-200.
周勇,纪友亮,万璐,等.2011.胶莱盆地东北部下白垩统莱阳组震积岩特征及意义[J].古地理学报,13(5):517-528.
Jiang Y H,Jin G D,Liao S Y,et al.2010.Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf i-sotopic constraints on the origin of Late Triassic granitoids from theQinling orogen,central China:Implications for a continental arc tocontinent-continent collision[J].Lithos,117:183-197.
Meng Q R,Zhang G W.2000.Geologic framework and tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen,central China[J].Tectonophysics,323:183-196.
Moretti M,Sabato L.2007.Recognition of trigger mechanisms for soft-sed-iment deformation in the Pleistocene lacustrine deposits of the Sant'Arcangelo Basin(Southern Italy):Seismic shock vs.overloading[J].Sedimentary Geology,196:31-45.
Owen G,Moretti M.2011.Identifying triggers for liquefaction-inducedsoft-sediment deformation in sands[J].Sedimentary Geology,235:141-147.
Owen G,Moretti M,Alfaro P.2011.Recognising triggers for soft-sedimentdeformation:Current understanding and future directions[J].Sedi-mentary Geology,235:133-140.
Sims J D.1973.Earthquake-induced structures in sediments of Van Nor-man Lake,San Fernando,California[J].Science,182:161-163.
Taggin C K,Türkmen I.2009.Analysis of soft-sediment deformation struc-tures in Neogene fluvio-lacustrine deposits ofaybagˇFormation,Eastern Turkey[J].Sedimentary Geology,218:16-30.
Tanner L H,Lucas S G.2010.Deposition and deformation of fluvial-lacus-trine sediments of the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic Whitmore PointMember,Moenave Formation,northern Arizona[J].Sedimentary Ge-ology,223:180-191.
Waldron J W F,Gagnon J F.2011.Recognizing soft-sediment structures indeformed rocks of orogens[J].Journal of Structural Geology,33:271-279.
Xu J F,Zhang B R,Han Y W.2008.Geochemistry of the Mian-Lue ophi-olites in the Qinling Mountains,central China:Constraints on the e-volution of the Qinling orogenic belt and collision of the North andSouth China Cratons[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,32:336-347.
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