75°倾角正断层黏滑错动对公路隧道影响的模型试验研究
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摘要
通过1∶50室内模型试验,开展75°倾角正断层黏滑错动影响下隧道的受力变形机制研究,并监测隧道顶部和底部的地层压力、隧道轴向和环向应变。结果表明,地层的永久变形和地层–结构的相互作用,导致围岩压力在剪切带附近发生显著变化,上盘范围内拱顶压力显著增大,下盘拱顶压力次之,上盘隧道底部压力减小,下盘底部压力显著增大,隧道与下部围岩可能局部脱空以适应断层的剪切位移;上盘范围内为正,下盘范围内纵向弯矩为负;以原型混凝土压坏来判定衬砌破坏,初步确定原型结构破坏所容许的最大断层位移D=1.25 m,理论上该值略偏大。
The paper conducts the research on the force-deformation mechanism under the effects of stick-slip dislocation of the normal fault with 75°obliquity by making use of 1∶50 model experiment.And the strata pressure of the tunnel vault and bottom,axial strain and hoop strain are monitored.Result shows that with the normal fault rupture propagating in the overburden layer,the tunnel structure which is orthogonal to the normal fault will undergo relatively big shear displacement.The strata permanent deformation and the interaction between the strata and the tunnel structure causes the formation pressure changes significantly,of which the pressure on the vault in the hanging wall zone increases significantly,followed by the pressure on the vault in the foot wall zone.The pressure on the tunnel bottom in the hanging wall zone decreases,while greatly increases in the foot wall zone.That leads the tunnel being possibly separated from the wall rock so as to accommodate the shear displacement of the fault.The longitudinal bending moment in the hanging wall zone is positive and negative in the foot wall zone.By judging the lining failure from the cement prototype under compression,the maximum allowed fault displacement of the prototype structure D = 1.25 m is determined.Theoretically,the value is overestimated.
The paper conducts the research on the force-deformation mechanism under the effects of stick-slip dislocation of the normal fault with 75°obliquity by making use of 1∶50 model experiment.And the strata pressure of the tunnel vault and bottom,axial strain and hoop strain are monitored.Result shows that with the normal fault rupture propagating in the overburden layer,the tunnel structure which is orthogonal to the normal fault will undergo relatively big shear displacement.The strata permanent deformation and the interaction between the strata and the tunnel structure causes the formation pressure changes significantly,of which the pressure on the vault in the hanging wall zone increases significantly,followed by the pressure on the vault in the foot wall zone.The pressure on the tunnel bottom in the hanging wall zone decreases,while greatly increases in the foot wall zone.That leads the tunnel being possibly separated from the wall rock so as to accommodate the shear displacement of the fault.The longitudinal bending moment in the hanging wall zone is positive and negative in the foot wall zone.By judging the lining failure from the cement prototype under compression,the maximum allowed fault displacement of the prototype structure D = 1.25 m is determined.Theoretically,the value is overestimated.
引文
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[12]ROWE R.地震带的隧道开挖[J].雷谦荣译.地下空间,1994,14(2):138–144.(ROWE R writing.Tunnel excavation in seismiczone[J].Translated by LEI Qianrong.Underground Space,1994,14(2):138–144.(in Chinese))
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[14]林亮伦.正断层黏滑错动对山岭隧道影响的试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].上海:同济大学,2012.(LIN Lianglun.Experimental study onthe effect of stick-slip dislocation of normal fault to mountain tunnel[M.S.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2012.(in Chinese))
[15]刘学增,王煦霖,林亮伦.正断层破坏在砂土中传播规律试验模拟[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(5):700–705.(LIUXuezeng,WANGXulin,LIN Lianglun.Modeling test of normal fault rupture propagation insandy soil[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(5):700–705.(in Chinese))
[16]中国船舶工业集团公司第九设计研究院.弹性地基梁及矩形板计算[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983:288–289.(Ninth Design andResearch Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation.Calculations ofelastic foundation beams and rectangular plates[M].Beijing:NationalDefense Industry Press,1983:288–289.(in Chinese))
[2]NEWMARK N M,HALL W J.Pipeline design to resist large faultdisplacement[C]//Proceedings of U.S.National Conference on EarthquakeEngineering.Ann Arbor:University of Michigan,1975:416–425.
[3]KENNEDY R P,CHOW A W,WILLIAMSON R A.Fault movementeffects on buried oil pipeline[J].Journal of Transport Engineering,ASCE,1977,103(5):617–633.
[4]冯启民,郭恩栋,宋银美,等.跨断层埋地管道抗震实验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):56–62.(FENGQimin,GUOEndong,SONG Yinmei,et al.Aseismic test of buried pipe crossing fault[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(1):56–62.(in Chinese))
[5]LIU X Z,HAMADA M.Experiment,numerical simulation onearthquake fault rupture propagation through soil and its effects onpipeline[R].Tokyo:Waseda University,2002.
[6]张志超,王进廷,徐艳杰.跨断层地下管线振动台模型试验研究(I)——试验方案设计[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(11):93–98.(ZHANG Zhichao,WANG Jinting,XU Yanjie.Shaking table test forcross-fault buried pipelines(I)——model design[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2011,44(11):93–98.(in Chinese))
[7]张志超,王进廷,徐艳杰.跨断层地下管线振动台模型试验研究II:试验成果分析[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(12):116–125.(ZHANGZhichao,WANG Jinting,XU Yanjie.Shaking table test for cross-faultburied pipelines II:test results[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(12):116–125.(in Chinese))
[8]BURRIDGE P B,SCOTT R F,Hall J F.Centrifuge study offaulting effects on tunnel[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,115(7):949–967.
[9]JOHANSSON J,KONAGAI K.Fault induced permanent grounddeformations:experimental verification of wet and dry soil,numericalfindings relation to field observations of tunnel damage and implicationsfor design[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(10):938–956.
[10]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2 324–2 331.(HUANG Qiangbing,PENG Jianbing,MEN Yuming,et al.Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open-cut metrotunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(11):2 324–2 331.(in Chinese))
[11]刘学增,林亮伦,桑运龙.逆断层黏滑错动对公路隧道的影响[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(7):1008–1014.(LIUXuezeng,LIN Lianglun,SANG Yunlong.Effect of thrust fault stick-slip ruptureon road tunnel[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2012,40(7):1 008–1 014.(in Chinese))
[12]ROWE R.地震带的隧道开挖[J].雷谦荣译.地下空间,1994,14(2):138–144.(ROWE R writing.Tunnel excavation in seismiczone[J].Translated by LEI Qianrong.Underground Space,1994,14(2):138–144.(in Chinese))
[13]马小君.逆断层黏滑错动对山岭隧道影响的试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].上海:同济大学,2011.(MAXiaojun.Experimental study onthe effect of stick-slip dislocation of thrust fault to mountain tunnel[M.S.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2011.(in Chinese))
[14]林亮伦.正断层黏滑错动对山岭隧道影响的试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].上海:同济大学,2012.(LIN Lianglun.Experimental study onthe effect of stick-slip dislocation of normal fault to mountain tunnel[M.S.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2012.(in Chinese))
[15]刘学增,王煦霖,林亮伦.正断层破坏在砂土中传播规律试验模拟[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(5):700–705.(LIUXuezeng,WANGXulin,LIN Lianglun.Modeling test of normal fault rupture propagation insandy soil[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(5):700–705.(in Chinese))
[16]中国船舶工业集团公司第九设计研究院.弹性地基梁及矩形板计算[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983:288–289.(Ninth Design andResearch Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation.Calculations ofelastic foundation beams and rectangular plates[M].Beijing:NationalDefense Industry Press,1983:288–289.(in Chinese))
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