盾构隧道抗震分析的静力推覆方法
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摘要
利用动力时程法对盾构隧道进行抗震分析时,计算时间长,工作量大,土体本构以及阻尼的选择困难,不利于工程设计广泛应用。为了解决这些困难,借鉴地上结构静力推覆分析方法的思想,并结合盾构隧道的地震响应主要由周围土体的地震响应所控制的这一特点,改进了静力推覆方法中的水平加载模式,提出了适用于盾构隧道抗震分析的静力推覆分析方法,并引入了隧道倾斜度的概念来衡量隧道的抗震性能。此法通过对计算模型施加沿地层深度方向分布的倒三角侧向水平位移,来模拟地震对盾构隧道的作用,概念清楚,考虑了隧道与周围土体的相互作用,避免了在动力时程分析中所涉及的土体本构和阻尼的选择、计算模型边界条件等复杂问题,大大降低了盾构隧道抗震分析的难度,同时,可以得到隧道的抗震能力曲线。与动力时程分析的对比结果表明,在弹性阶段,此法的计算结果合理,具有较高的精度,适用于盾构隧道抗震设计。
The dynamic time-history analysis of shield tunnel seismic design needs long computed time and massive work.The dynamic constitutive model and damp for soils are difficult to determine.Its wide application in practical project is hindered by these problems.In order to solve these difficulties,a modified pushover method for shield tunnel which is developed from pushover method of structure on the ground is put forward;and inclination of shield tunnel is introduced to assess its seismic performance.Since the seismic responses of shield tunnel are determined by the surrounding soils;the horizontal loading model is improved.In this method,the seismic action on shield tunnel is simulated by applying the inverted-triangular lateral horizontal displacement on the model along the depth.The complex problems existed in the dynamic time-history analysis,such as the dynamic constitutive model and damp of soil,the boundary condition,are avoided;and the interaction between tunnel and soil is able to consider in this method.The seismic performance capacity curve also could be obtained by this method.The comparison results with dynamic time-history analysis show that the calculation result of the modified pushover method is reasonable and accurate in the elastic stage.It is an appropriate method for seismic design of shield tunnel.
The dynamic time-history analysis of shield tunnel seismic design needs long computed time and massive work.The dynamic constitutive model and damp for soils are difficult to determine.Its wide application in practical project is hindered by these problems.In order to solve these difficulties,a modified pushover method for shield tunnel which is developed from pushover method of structure on the ground is put forward;and inclination of shield tunnel is introduced to assess its seismic performance.Since the seismic responses of shield tunnel are determined by the surrounding soils;the horizontal loading model is improved.In this method,the seismic action on shield tunnel is simulated by applying the inverted-triangular lateral horizontal displacement on the model along the depth.The complex problems existed in the dynamic time-history analysis,such as the dynamic constitutive model and damp of soil,the boundary condition,are avoided;and the interaction between tunnel and soil is able to consider in this method.The seismic performance capacity curve also could be obtained by this method.The comparison results with dynamic time-history analysis show that the calculation result of the modified pushover method is reasonable and accurate in the elastic stage.It is an appropriate method for seismic design of shield tunnel.
引文
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[3]杨林德,王国波,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验及地震响应的三维数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):1538-1545.YANG Lin-de,WANG Guo-bo,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Shaking table test on metro station structure and 3D numerical simulation of seismic response[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):1538-1545.
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[9]LIN Y Y,CHANG K C,WANG Y L.Comparison of displacement coefficient method and capacity spectrum method with experimental results of RC columns[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2004,33(1):35-48.
[10]LAWSON R S,VANCE V,KRAWINKLER H.Nonlinear static push-over analysis-why,when,and how[C]//Proceedings of the 5th US.Conference in Earthquake Engineering.Chicago:Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,1994.
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[12]魏巍,冯启民.几种pushover分析方法对比研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):66-73.WEI Wei,FENG Qi-min.Research on comparison of several pushover analysis methods[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(4):66-73.
[13]潘龙,孙利民,范立础.基于推倒分析的桥梁地震损伤评估模型与方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(1):10-14.PAN Long,SUN Li-min,FAN Li-chu.Seismic damage assessment model and method based on pushover analysis for bridges[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2001,29(1):10-14.
[14]叶燎原,潘文.结构静力弹塑性分析(pushover)的原理和计算实例[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):37-43.YE Liao-yuan,PAN Wen.The principle of nonlinear static analysis(pushover)and numerical examples[J].Journal of Building Structures,2000,21(1):37-43.
[15]杨溥,李英民,王亚勇,等.结构静力弹塑性分析(pushover)方法的改进[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):44-51.YANG Pu,LI Ying-min,WANG Ya-yong,et al.A study on improvement of pushover analysis[J].Journal of Building Structures,2000,21(1):44-51.
[16]刘晶波,李彬.地铁地下结构抗震分析及设计中的几个关键问题[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(6):106-110.LIU Jing-bo,LI Bin.Issues on the seismic analysis and design of subway structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(6):106-110.
[17]刘晶波,李彬,刘祥庆.地下结构抗震设计中的静力弹塑性分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(7):68-76.LIU Jing-bo,LI Bin,LIU Xiang-qing.A static elastoplastic analysis method in seismic design of underground structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(7):68-76.
[18]刘晶波,李彬,刘祥庆.地铁地下结构抗震分析的Pushover方法研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2007,27(增刊):303-307.LIU Jing-bo,LI Bin,LIU Xiang-qing.A pushover analysis method for seismic analysis of underground subway structures[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention Engineering,2007,27(Supp.):303-307.
[19]刘晶波,刘祥庆,李彬.地下结构抗震分析与设计的Pushover分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):73-80.LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing,LI Bin.A pushover analysis method for seismic analysis and design of underground structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(4):73-80.
[20]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP commentary on the guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Washington D C:FEMA report 274,1997.
[21]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP Guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Washington D C:FEMA report 273,1997.
[22]藤木育雄,中島信,大塚努,等.地下铁トンネルの地震时举动观测[C]//トンネル工学研究発表会論文、報告集.东京:土木学会トンネル工学委员会,1994:245-250
[23]水野光一郎,小泉淳.シールドトンネル横断方向の耐震設計法に関する基礎的研究[C]//土木学会論文集.东京:日本土木工程协会,2001:107-123.
[24]竹内信次,大塚正博.地盤急変部におけるシールドトンネルの地震時挙動[J].トンネルと地下,1994,25(11):27-34.TAKEUTI N,OOTSUKA M.Seismic behavior of shield tunnel in a sudden change of ground[J].Tunnels and Underground,1994,25(11):27-34.
[2]林志,朱合华,杨超,等.盾构区间隧道衬砌结构的抗震计算[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(5):607-611.LIN Zhi,ZHU He-hua,YANG Chao,et al.Anti-seismic calculation for shield tunnels[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2004,32(5):607-611.
[3]杨林德,王国波,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验及地震响应的三维数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):1538-1545.YANG Lin-de,WANG Guo-bo,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Shaking table test on metro station structure and 3D numerical simulation of seismic response[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):1538-1545.
[4]王国波.软土地铁车站结构三维地震响应计算理论与方法的研究[D].同济大学,2007.
[5]陈磊,陈国兴,龙慧.地铁交叉隧道近场强地震反应特性的三维精细化非线性有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3971-3976.CHEN Lei,CHEN Guo-xing,LONG Hui.3D refined nonlinear finite element analysis of intersecting metro tunnels under near-field ground motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3971-3976.
[6]SAIIDI M,SOZEN M A.Simple nonlinear seismic analysis of R/C structures[J].Journal of the Structural Division,1981,107(5):937-953.
[7]FAJFAR P,FISCHINGER M.N2-a method for non-linear seismic analysis of regular structures[C]//Proceedings of the 9th World Conference On Earthquake Engineering.Tokyo:Japan Association for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,1988:111-116.
[8]JAN T S,LIU M W,KAO Y C.An upper-bound pushover analysis procedure for estimating the seismic demands of high-rise buildings[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(1):117-128.
[9]LIN Y Y,CHANG K C,WANG Y L.Comparison of displacement coefficient method and capacity spectrum method with experimental results of RC columns[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2004,33(1):35-48.
[10]LAWSON R S,VANCE V,KRAWINKLER H.Nonlinear static push-over analysis-why,when,and how[C]//Proceedings of the 5th US.Conference in Earthquake Engineering.Chicago:Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,1994.
[11]FAJFAR P,GASPERSIC P.The N2 method for the seismic damage analysis of RC buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,1996,25(1):31-46.
[12]魏巍,冯启民.几种pushover分析方法对比研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):66-73.WEI Wei,FENG Qi-min.Research on comparison of several pushover analysis methods[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(4):66-73.
[13]潘龙,孙利民,范立础.基于推倒分析的桥梁地震损伤评估模型与方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(1):10-14.PAN Long,SUN Li-min,FAN Li-chu.Seismic damage assessment model and method based on pushover analysis for bridges[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2001,29(1):10-14.
[14]叶燎原,潘文.结构静力弹塑性分析(pushover)的原理和计算实例[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):37-43.YE Liao-yuan,PAN Wen.The principle of nonlinear static analysis(pushover)and numerical examples[J].Journal of Building Structures,2000,21(1):37-43.
[15]杨溥,李英民,王亚勇,等.结构静力弹塑性分析(pushover)方法的改进[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):44-51.YANG Pu,LI Ying-min,WANG Ya-yong,et al.A study on improvement of pushover analysis[J].Journal of Building Structures,2000,21(1):44-51.
[16]刘晶波,李彬.地铁地下结构抗震分析及设计中的几个关键问题[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(6):106-110.LIU Jing-bo,LI Bin.Issues on the seismic analysis and design of subway structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(6):106-110.
[17]刘晶波,李彬,刘祥庆.地下结构抗震设计中的静力弹塑性分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(7):68-76.LIU Jing-bo,LI Bin,LIU Xiang-qing.A static elastoplastic analysis method in seismic design of underground structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(7):68-76.
[18]刘晶波,李彬,刘祥庆.地铁地下结构抗震分析的Pushover方法研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2007,27(增刊):303-307.LIU Jing-bo,LI Bin,LIU Xiang-qing.A pushover analysis method for seismic analysis of underground subway structures[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention Engineering,2007,27(Supp.):303-307.
[19]刘晶波,刘祥庆,李彬.地下结构抗震分析与设计的Pushover分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):73-80.LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing,LI Bin.A pushover analysis method for seismic analysis and design of underground structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(4):73-80.
[20]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP commentary on the guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Washington D C:FEMA report 274,1997.
[21]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP Guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Washington D C:FEMA report 273,1997.
[22]藤木育雄,中島信,大塚努,等.地下铁トンネルの地震时举动观测[C]//トンネル工学研究発表会論文、報告集.东京:土木学会トンネル工学委员会,1994:245-250
[23]水野光一郎,小泉淳.シールドトンネル横断方向の耐震設計法に関する基礎的研究[C]//土木学会論文集.东京:日本土木工程协会,2001:107-123.
[24]竹内信次,大塚正博.地盤急変部におけるシールドトンネルの地震時挙動[J].トンネルと地下,1994,25(11):27-34.TAKEUTI N,OOTSUKA M.Seismic behavior of shield tunnel in a sudden change of ground[J].Tunnels and Underground,1994,25(11):27-34.
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