规则桥梁抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述
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摘要
基于性能的结构抗震设计是各国结构抗震设计规范未来的主要发展方向,虽然其理论框架已基本形成,然而其中至关重要的结构抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述问题,目前仍处于研究探讨阶段。本文从公路梁式桥震害现象出发,采用极限状态设计概念,对规则桥梁在地震作用下的性能水准予以明确的定义;并以墩顶漂移率作为设计参数,通过对大量试验数据的统计分析,给出了与各级不同性能水准(完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏及倒塌)相对应的目标值,供基于性能的抗震设计采用。
Performance-based seismic design(PBSD) is known as the future development trend for structural seismic design codes of many countries.The framework of PBSD is formed at present,however,the most important thing of PBSD,namely,the definitions and quantified descriptions of seismic performance levels for various structures are still under discussion.From the damage phenomena of highway beam-bridges,a clear definition for the seismic performance levels of regular bridges under earthquake action is given based on the limit state concept for seismic design.The drift ratio of the bridge column is employed as design parameter,and its target values for each seismic performance level,including no damage,minimal damage,medium damage,significant damage,and collapse,are given respectively from the statistic analysis of a large number of experimental data.The results can be used in the performance-based seismic design of regular highway bridges.
Performance-based seismic design(PBSD) is known as the future development trend for structural seismic design codes of many countries.The framework of PBSD is formed at present,however,the most important thing of PBSD,namely,the definitions and quantified descriptions of seismic performance levels for various structures are still under discussion.From the damage phenomena of highway beam-bridges,a clear definition for the seismic performance levels of regular bridges under earthquake action is given based on the limit state concept for seismic design.The drift ratio of the bridge column is employed as design parameter,and its target values for each seismic performance level,including no damage,minimal damage,medium damage,significant damage,and collapse,are given respectively from the statistic analysis of a large number of experimental data.The results can be used in the performance-based seismic design of regular highway bridges.
引文
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[4]Applied Technology Council(ATC).Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings[R].Report No.ATC-40,Redwood City,California:Applied Technology Council,1996.
[5]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Report No.FEMA-273,Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997.
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[7]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).Recommended seismic design criteria for new steel moment frame buildings[R].Report No.FEMA-350,SAC Joint Venture,Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[8]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).Pre-standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Report No.FE-MA-356,Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[9]CECS0160:2004.建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)[S].
[10]李刚,程耿东.基于性能的结构抗震设计—理论、方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
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[14]黄勇.汶川地震中梁式桥的震害和预防震害的新方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,20082,8(5):20-26.
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[18]Smith K G.Innovation in earthquake resistant concrete structure design philosophies:a century of progress since Hennebique’s patent[J].Engi-neering Structure,2001,23:72-81.
[19]Kowalsky M J.A displacement-based approach for the seismic design of continuous concrete bridges[J].Earthquake Eng.Stru.Dyn.2002,31:719-747.
[20]杨玉民,胡勃,袁万城.基于位移反应谱的连续梁桥抗震设计简化方法[J].同济大学学报1,999,27(2):150-154.
[21]弓俊青,朱晞.以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土桥梁墩柱抗震设计[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(4):42-46.
[22]黄建文,朱晞.以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(2):28-33.
[23]黄建文,朱晞.近场地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩基于位移的抗震设计[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(4):84-90.
[24]王东升,李宏男,赵颖华,等.钢筋混凝土桥墩基于位移的抗震设计方法[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(10):80-86.
[25]Hose Y D,Seible F.Performance evaluation database for concrete bridge components and systems under simulated seismic loads[R].Report No.PEER-1999/11,Berkeley,California:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center&University of California,1999.
[26]Park,Y J,Ang AH-S.Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1985,111(4):722-739.
[27]欧进萍,何政,吴斌,等.钢筋混凝土基于地震损伤性能的设计[J].地震工程与工程振动1,999,19(1):21-30.
[28]Hwang H,Liu J,Chiu Y.Seismic fragility analysis of highway bridges[R].Technical Report MAEC RR-4 Project,Memphis:Center for Earth-quake Research and Information,The University of Memphis,2001.
[29]Hindi R A,Sexsmith R G.A Proposed damage model for RC bridge columns under cyclic loading[J].Earthquake Spectra,2001,17(2):261-289.
[30]刘燕辉,强士中.基于性能抗震设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩变形能力公式推导及应用[J].公路交通科技2,009,26(3):94-99.
[31]王丰,李宏男,伊延华.钢筋混凝土结构直接基于损伤性能目标的抗震设计方法[J].振动与冲击2,009,28(2):128-131.
[32]江辉.近场地震下桥梁结构基于性能抗震设计的能量方法[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[33]朱晞,江辉.桥梁墩柱基于性能的抗震设计方法[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(4):85-92.
[34]JTG/T B02-01 2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].
[35]http://nisee.berkeley.edu/spd/.
[36]梁书亭,丁大钧,赵建军.钢筋混凝土复合箍筋柱在低周反复荷载下的强度和延性[J].南京建筑工程学院学报1,994,(4):27-29.
[37]马德祥,赵建军,丁大钧.框架柱延性铰抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,19961,7(4):35-43.
[38]熊朝晖,潘德恩.钢筋混凝土框架柱侧向变形能力的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,20012,1(2):103-108.
[39]康洪震,江见鲸.不同加载路径下钢筋混凝土框架柱抗震性能的试验研究[J].土木工程学报2,003,36(5):71-75.
[40]傅剑平,李英民,王敏,等.等幅侧向位移循环下柱混凝土纤维应变规律的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动2,005,25(6):88-94.
[41]司炳君,李宏男,王东升,等.基于位移设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究(Ⅰ)拟静力试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):123-129.
[42]卓卫东,范立础.结构抗震设计中的强度折减系数研究[J].地震工程与工程震动,20012,1(1):84-88.
[2]Applied Technology Council(ATC).A critical review of current approaches to earthquake-resistant design[R].Report No.ATC-34,Red-wood City,California:Applied Technology Council,1995.
[3]Applied Technology Council(ATC).Improved seismic design criteria for California bridges:Provisional recommendations[R].Report No..ATC-32,Redwood City,California:Applied Technology Council,1996.
[4]Applied Technology Council(ATC).Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings[R].Report No.ATC-40,Redwood City,California:Applied Technology Council,1996.
[5]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Report No.FEMA-273,Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997.
[6]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures[R].Report No.FEMA-302,Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997.
[7]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).Recommended seismic design criteria for new steel moment frame buildings[R].Report No.FEMA-350,SAC Joint Venture,Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[8]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).Pre-standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Report No.FE-MA-356,Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[9]CECS0160:2004.建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)[S].
[10]李刚,程耿东.基于性能的结构抗震设计—理论、方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[11]小谷俊介,叶列平.日本基于性能结构抗震设计方法的发展[J].建筑结构,20003,0(6):3-9.
[12]范立础,卓卫东.桥梁延性抗震设计[J].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[13]庄卫林,余翔,易志宏,等.简支体系桥梁的震害及抗震设计对策[J].桥梁建设,20080,4:61-64.
[14]黄勇.汶川地震中梁式桥的震害和预防震害的新方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,20082,8(5):20-26.
[15]Moehle J P.Displacement-based design of RC structures subjected to earthquakes[J].Earthquake Spectra,1992,8(3):403-428.
[16]Kowalsky M J,Priestley M J N,Macrae G A.Displacement-based design of RC bridge columns in seismic regions[J].Earthquake Eng.Stru.Dyn.1995,24:1623-1643.
[17]Calvi G M,Kingsley G R.Displacement-based seismic design of multi-degree-of-freedom bridge structures[J].Earthquake Eng.Stru.Dyn.1995,24:1247-1266.
[18]Smith K G.Innovation in earthquake resistant concrete structure design philosophies:a century of progress since Hennebique’s patent[J].Engi-neering Structure,2001,23:72-81.
[19]Kowalsky M J.A displacement-based approach for the seismic design of continuous concrete bridges[J].Earthquake Eng.Stru.Dyn.2002,31:719-747.
[20]杨玉民,胡勃,袁万城.基于位移反应谱的连续梁桥抗震设计简化方法[J].同济大学学报1,999,27(2):150-154.
[21]弓俊青,朱晞.以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土桥梁墩柱抗震设计[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(4):42-46.
[22]黄建文,朱晞.以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(2):28-33.
[23]黄建文,朱晞.近场地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩基于位移的抗震设计[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(4):84-90.
[24]王东升,李宏男,赵颖华,等.钢筋混凝土桥墩基于位移的抗震设计方法[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(10):80-86.
[25]Hose Y D,Seible F.Performance evaluation database for concrete bridge components and systems under simulated seismic loads[R].Report No.PEER-1999/11,Berkeley,California:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center&University of California,1999.
[26]Park,Y J,Ang AH-S.Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1985,111(4):722-739.
[27]欧进萍,何政,吴斌,等.钢筋混凝土基于地震损伤性能的设计[J].地震工程与工程振动1,999,19(1):21-30.
[28]Hwang H,Liu J,Chiu Y.Seismic fragility analysis of highway bridges[R].Technical Report MAEC RR-4 Project,Memphis:Center for Earth-quake Research and Information,The University of Memphis,2001.
[29]Hindi R A,Sexsmith R G.A Proposed damage model for RC bridge columns under cyclic loading[J].Earthquake Spectra,2001,17(2):261-289.
[30]刘燕辉,强士中.基于性能抗震设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩变形能力公式推导及应用[J].公路交通科技2,009,26(3):94-99.
[31]王丰,李宏男,伊延华.钢筋混凝土结构直接基于损伤性能目标的抗震设计方法[J].振动与冲击2,009,28(2):128-131.
[32]江辉.近场地震下桥梁结构基于性能抗震设计的能量方法[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[33]朱晞,江辉.桥梁墩柱基于性能的抗震设计方法[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(4):85-92.
[34]JTG/T B02-01 2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].
[35]http://nisee.berkeley.edu/spd/.
[36]梁书亭,丁大钧,赵建军.钢筋混凝土复合箍筋柱在低周反复荷载下的强度和延性[J].南京建筑工程学院学报1,994,(4):27-29.
[37]马德祥,赵建军,丁大钧.框架柱延性铰抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,19961,7(4):35-43.
[38]熊朝晖,潘德恩.钢筋混凝土框架柱侧向变形能力的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,20012,1(2):103-108.
[39]康洪震,江见鲸.不同加载路径下钢筋混凝土框架柱抗震性能的试验研究[J].土木工程学报2,003,36(5):71-75.
[40]傅剑平,李英民,王敏,等.等幅侧向位移循环下柱混凝土纤维应变规律的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动2,005,25(6):88-94.
[41]司炳君,李宏男,王东升,等.基于位移设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究(Ⅰ)拟静力试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):123-129.
[42]卓卫东,范立础.结构抗震设计中的强度折减系数研究[J].地震工程与工程震动,20012,1(1):84-88.
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