桥墩遭受船舶撞击的数值模拟法及其动态响应的研究
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摘要
桥梁防撞结构的设计需要研究桥梁遭受船舶撞击时的动态响应并获得准确的碰撞力。运用LS-DYNA软件建立了1座分离式桥墩模型和1艘3 000t级的散货船模型来模拟船桥碰撞的过程。为了考虑流体在碰撞过程中的作用,计算时分别以不考虑流体影响、附加质量和流构耦合3种计算模型来分析、比较流体对船桥碰撞响应的影响,并得出以下结论:不同的计算模型的系统能量变化和船舶碰撞力基本一致,流体的存在对碰撞力的影响较小;桥墩的水平位移响应要滞后承台约0.2s,附加质量模型的桥墩和承台水平位移比其余2种模型要略大;附加质量模型的计算结果与流构耦合模型的计算结果基本一致,但附加质量模型具有更高的计算效率,其计算用时仅为流构耦合模型用时的2/5。
Designing bridge′s anti-collision structure needs the dynamic response towards collision and exact collision force.In this paper,a discrete pier model and a 3000 DWT cargo ship model are established by LS-DYNA to simulate ship-bridge collision process.For considering water influence in the impact process,no-water model,additional mass model,and fluid-structure coupling model are used to compare and analyze water′s impact on the dynamic response of the pier and ship.The results show that the collision force of different models is very close to each other,and water makes little difference on the collision force;the pier′s horizontal displacement happens 0.2sbehind the pile cap′s,and the horizontal displacements of the pier and the pile cap in the additional mass calculation model are slightly larger than those of the other two models;the results of the additional mass model and the structure-fluid coupling model are very similar,while the additional mass model is much more efficient in calculating,and its computation time is only 2/5of the structure-fluid coupling model′s.
Designing bridge′s anti-collision structure needs the dynamic response towards collision and exact collision force.In this paper,a discrete pier model and a 3000 DWT cargo ship model are established by LS-DYNA to simulate ship-bridge collision process.For considering water influence in the impact process,no-water model,additional mass model,and fluid-structure coupling model are used to compare and analyze water′s impact on the dynamic response of the pier and ship.The results show that the collision force of different models is very close to each other,and water makes little difference on the collision force;the pier′s horizontal displacement happens 0.2sbehind the pile cap′s,and the horizontal displacements of the pier and the pile cap in the additional mass calculation model are slightly larger than those of the other two models;the results of the additional mass model and the structure-fluid coupling model are very similar,while the additional mass model is much more efficient in calculating,and its computation time is only 2/5of the structure-fluid coupling model′s.
引文
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[14]Liu Jiancheng,Gu Yongning.Simulation of shipbridge head-on collision based on finite element modle of whole ship-bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2003(5):155-162.
[2]许宏发,吴华杰,郭少平,等.桩土接触面单元参数分析[J].探矿工程,20025):10-12.Xu Hongfa,Wu Huajie,Guo Shaoping,et al.Parameter analysis of pile soil contact element[J].Prospecting Engineering,2002(5):10-12.(in Chinese).
[3]王自力,蒋志勇,顾永宁.船舶碰撞数值仿真的附加质量模型[J].爆炸与冲击,2002,22(4):321-325.Wang Zili,Jiang Zhiyong,Gu Yongning.The add mass numerical simulation model of ship collision[J].Explosion and Impact,2002,22(4):321-325.(in Chinese).
[4]竺艳蓉.海洋工程波浪力学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1991.Lan Yanrong,Wave mechanics for ocean engineering[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,1991.(in Chinese).
[5]赖伟,王君杰,胡世德.地震下桥墩动水压力分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2004(1):1-5.Lai Wei.Wang Junjie,Hu Shide.Earthquake induced hydrodynamic pressure on bridge pier[J],Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science Edition,2004(1):1-5.(in Chinese).
[6]杨万理.深水桥梁动水压力分析方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.Yang Wanli.Deep water bridge dynamic water pressure analysis method study[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese).
[7]阙水杰,张南,樊文才.桥墩遭受船舶撞击的有限元仿真分析[J].交通信息与安全,2010,28(1):130-134.Que Shuijie,Zhang Nan,Fan Wencai.Finite element simulation analysis of a pier under ship collision[J].Journal of Transprot Information and Safety,2010,28(1):130-134.(in Chinese).
[8]律文田.静动荷载作用下铁路桥梁桩基的动力特性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2005.Lv Wentian.Under static and dynamic load characteristics of railway bridge pile foundation research[D],Changsha:Central South University,2005.(in Chinese).
[9]刘建成,顾永宁.基于整船整桥模型的船桥碰撞数值仿真[J].工程力学,2003(5):155-162.Liu Jiancheng,Gu Yongning.Simulation of ship bridge head-on collision based on finite element model of whole[J].Engineering Mechanics,2003(5):155-162.(in Chinese).
[10]张凤国,李恩征.混凝土撞击损伤模型参数的确定方法[J].弹道学报,2001(4):12-16.Zhang Fengguo,Li Enzheng.The methods for determining the parameters of concrete impact damage model[J].Journal of Ballistics,2001(4):12-16.(in Chinese).
[11]黄飞.船舶撞击下连续梁桥的桥墩动力响应及整桥局部倒塌研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.Huang Fei.The dynamic response and partial collapse study of continuous girder bridge pier and under ship collision[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014.(in Chinese).
[12]Hallquist J O.LS-DYNA keyword user’s manual[M].California:Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2007.
[13]白金泽.LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.Bai Jinze.LS-DYNA3Dtheoretical basis and case analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.(in Chinese).
[14]Liu Jiancheng,Gu Yongning.Simulation of shipbridge head-on collision based on finite element modle of whole ship-bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2003(5):155-162.
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