基于CDR的典型大跨梁桥施工全过程抗震安全评价
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摘要
为减小施工桥梁的地震损失,基于桥梁在施工过程中发生地震损伤和破坏的现实,以3座典型大跨悬臂施工连续梁桥为对象,在分析地震需求和抗震能力的基础上,采用能力需求比(CDR)法,研究大跨梁桥施工全过程的抗震性能和抗震安全性。研究结果表明,在悬臂施工全过程中各构件各部位的能力需求比均大于2.5,悬臂施工全过程结构抗震安全;抗震易损的部位分别位于墩底、桩顶和1号-GPZ(KZ)3SX支座;最小能力需求比集中于8号梁段、9号梁段、边跨合龙、中跨合龙和桥面施工等阶段;抗震设计应在施工的维度上,重点关注地震风险相对较大的施工阶段,确保抗震安全。
Considering damage and collapse of bridges under construction conduced by earthquakes,three long span typical continuous girder bridges,under construction by the cantilever method,were studied in order to reduce the seismic losses.Based on analyses of seismic demand and seismic capacity,CDR method was used and seismic performance and seismic safety were evaluated for bridges in the whole cantilever construction process.The results show that for all positions of the components of bridges,CDRs are greater than 2.5 which means that for earthquake resistance,the structure is safe in whole construction process,and that the fragile positions are on pier bottom,pile top and No.1-GPZ(KZ)3SX bearing.The least CDRs concentrate on No.8 segment,No.9 segment,side span closure,middle span closure and the deck construction stages.In perspective of construction,the seismic design should pay more attention to those construction stages with higher seismic risk to ensure the seismic safety.
Considering damage and collapse of bridges under construction conduced by earthquakes,three long span typical continuous girder bridges,under construction by the cantilever method,were studied in order to reduce the seismic losses.Based on analyses of seismic demand and seismic capacity,CDR method was used and seismic performance and seismic safety were evaluated for bridges in the whole cantilever construction process.The results show that for all positions of the components of bridges,CDRs are greater than 2.5 which means that for earthquake resistance,the structure is safe in whole construction process,and that the fragile positions are on pier bottom,pile top and No.1-GPZ(KZ)3SX bearing.The least CDRs concentrate on No.8 segment,No.9 segment,side span closure,middle span closure and the deck construction stages.In perspective of construction,the seismic design should pay more attention to those construction stages with higher seismic risk to ensure the seismic safety.
引文
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[2]张国镇,周智杰.集鹿大桥震害评估与修复之研究[R].台湾地震工程研究中心,2004.ZHANG Guo-zhen,ZHOU Zhi-jie.The Study of the Damage Evaluation and Bridge Retrofit in the Jilu Bridge[R].Taiwan Center for Research in Earthquake Engineering,2004.
[3]庄卫林,刘振宇,蒋劲松.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害分析及对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1377-1387.ZHUANG Wei-lin,LIU Zhen-yu,JIANG Jin-song.Earhtquake-induced damage analysis of highway bridges in Wenchuanearthquake and countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1 377-1 387.
[4]李鸿晶,陆鸣,温增平,等.汶川地震桥梁震害的特征[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):24-29.LI Hong-jing,LU Ming,WEN Zeng-ping,et al.Characteristics of bridge damages in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofNanjing University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,31(1):24-29.
[5]王克海,李茜,韦韩.汶川地震对我国地震区划图与桥梁抗震设计的启示[J].工程力学,2010,27(6):120-126.WANG Ke-hai,LI Qian,WEI Han.Enlightment in bridge seismic design and seismic zonation from Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(6):120-126.
[6]缅甸强震至少6人遇难[OL].[2012-11-12].http://news.163.com/12/1112/15/8G4C04G800014AED.html.At Least 6 People were Killed in Burma Earthquake[OL].[2012-11-12].http://news.163.com/12/1112/15/8G4C04G800014AED.html.
[7]Mervyn J Kowalsky.A displacement-based approach for the seismic design of continuous concrete bridges[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(3):719-747.
[8]Wei-Xin Ren,Wael Zatar,Issam E,et al.Ambient vibration-based seismic evaluation of a continuous girder bridge[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(5):631-640.
[9]雷新弋.典型大跨度连续梁桥地震反应规律与抗震性能[D].上海:同济大学,2009.LEI Xin-yi.Seismic Response Law and Performance of Long Span Typical Continuous Girder Bridges[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.
[10]赵冠远,阎贵平,钟铁毅.欧洲规范关于延性桥梁抗震设计方法的安全性评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(11):76-80.ZHAO Guan-yuan,YAN Gui-ping,ZHONG Tie-yi.Safety evaluation of seismic design principle of ductile bridges speci-fied in Eurocode[J].China Safety Science Journal,2003,13(11):76-80.
[11]郑玉国.典型大跨连续梁桥悬臂施工全过程地震性能分析及优化设计[D].上海:同济大学,2012.ZHENG Yu-guo.Study on Seismic Performance and Design Optimization of Long Span Typical Continuous Girder Bridgefor Whole Cantilever Construction Process[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2012.
[12]叶爱君.桥梁抗震[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002,47-51.YE Ai-jun.Earthquake Resistance of Bridges[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2002:47-51.
[13]ZHENG Yu-guo,YUAN Wan-cheng.Study on dynamic characteristics of long span continuous bridge from construction tocompletion constructed by cantilever method based on perspective of earthquake resistance[C].Advances in Civil Engi-neering and Architecture Innovation,Advanced Materials Research,2012:988-992.
[14]JTG D63—2007,公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范[S].JTG D63-2007,Code for Design of Ground Base and Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts[S].
[15]LRFDSI-3,AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications[S].
[16]LRFDSI-3,AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design[S].
[17]Washington State Department of Transportation.Bridge Design Manual[M].Washington DC:Engineering and RegionalOperations Bridge and Structures Office,2008:2-5.
[18]SCDOT 2002.Seismic Design Specifications for Highway Bridges[S].
[19]Ian Buckle,Ian Friedland,John Mander,et al.Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures:Part 1-Bridges[R].McLean:Federal Highway Administration,2006.
[20]Nash Wilson,Keri L Ryan.Seismic Retrofit Guidelines for Utah Highway Bridges[R].Utah Department of Transporta-tion Research Division,2009.
[21]M S Zadeh,M Saiid Saiidi,A Itani,et al.Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation and Retrofit Design of Las Vegas DowntownViaduct[R].Carson City:Nevada Department of Transportation Structural Design Division,2005.
[22]邓育林.大跨多塔悬索桥抗震理论中若干关键问题的研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.DENG Yu-lin.Study on Some Essential Problems in Earthquake Resistance Theory of Multi-tower Suspension Bridge[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.
[23]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997:57-77.FAN Li-chu.Earthquake Resistance of Bridges[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997:57-77.
[24]PEER Ground Motion Database[OL].[2011-09-07].http://peer.berkeley.edu/peer_ground_motion_database.
[25]JT/T391—2009,公路桥梁盆式橡胶支座[S].JT/T 391-2009,Pot Bearings of Highway Bridges[S].
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