强震作用下穿越断层隧道围岩力学响应研究
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摘要
通常情况下,地下工程震害比地面建筑物震害较轻,但是在强震条件下,地下工程震害依然突出。2008年5.12汶川大地震(MS8.0)对地下工程造成了巨大破坏,尤其是穿越构造断裂带的铁路、公路隧道。本文采用三维离散元(3DEC)动力分析方法和实测汶川地震动记录,模拟研究了穿越断层的成兰铁路邓家坪隧道围岩在强震和断层共同作用下的动力响应过程。经过与实地调查的北川—映秀断裂带地表破裂情况对比验证,模拟结果具有较高的可信度。结果表明:地震动荷载、断层等因素的共同作用改变了隧道围岩中的初始应力分布,进而引起断层附近隧道围岩应力累积、应力集中,最终导致了具有高度复杂性的渐进性断层破裂过程和隧道围岩破坏过程,这个过程可以定性地划分为5个主要阶段:弹性应力集中阶段、破裂起始阶段、破裂加速阶段、稳定破裂阶段和破裂逐渐停止阶段。本研究将有助于深刻认识在强震和断层共同作用下的隧道围岩动力响应过程,并对隧道安全性评价具有重大意义。
Usually,the earthquake-induced damage to underground structures is lighter than that to above-ground structures.But,under the condition of strong earthquakes and faults,the earthquake-induced damage to underground structures is still considerably serious.On May 12,2008,Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Ms 8.0 in Sichuan province,China caused tremendous damage to underground structures,especially the tunnels of railways and roads that traverse active faults.Dengjiaping tunnel of Cheng-Lan Railway(Chengdu to Lanzhou,in China) traverses the central fault belt in Longmenshan zone with complex geological conditions and developed active faults. This study uses dynamic module of 3 Dimensional Discrete Element Code(3DEC) and acceleration histories of Wenchuan earthquake in Qingping station to investigate the dynamic response process of Dengjiaping tunnel under the combined effects of strong earthquake and fault.Verified by comparing the ground motion of field survey and modeling results,the modeling results have high reliability.The modeling results show that the combined effects of strong earthquake and fault disturb the initial field stress distribution and cause the stress accumulation and stress concentration of tunnel surrounding rock near faulting zone.The high stress concentration results in fault gradual rupture and tunnel gradual failure,which can be qualitatively divided into 5 stages: 1) elastic stress accumulation, 2) local rupture beginning,3) rupture growth at high speed,4) spontaneous rupture growth,5) gradual stability state.This study is helpful to understand the dynamic response process of tunnel surrounding rock under the combined effect of strong earthquakes and faults,and has considerable significance for tunnel safety estimation.
Usually,the earthquake-induced damage to underground structures is lighter than that to above-ground structures.But,under the condition of strong earthquakes and faults,the earthquake-induced damage to underground structures is still considerably serious.On May 12,2008,Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Ms 8.0 in Sichuan province,China caused tremendous damage to underground structures,especially the tunnels of railways and roads that traverse active faults.Dengjiaping tunnel of Cheng-Lan Railway(Chengdu to Lanzhou,in China) traverses the central fault belt in Longmenshan zone with complex geological conditions and developed active faults. This study uses dynamic module of 3 Dimensional Discrete Element Code(3DEC) and acceleration histories of Wenchuan earthquake in Qingping station to investigate the dynamic response process of Dengjiaping tunnel under the combined effects of strong earthquake and fault.Verified by comparing the ground motion of field survey and modeling results,the modeling results have high reliability.The modeling results show that the combined effects of strong earthquake and fault disturb the initial field stress distribution and cause the stress accumulation and stress concentration of tunnel surrounding rock near faulting zone.The high stress concentration results in fault gradual rupture and tunnel gradual failure,which can be qualitatively divided into 5 stages: 1) elastic stress accumulation, 2) local rupture beginning,3) rupture growth at high speed,4) spontaneous rupture growth,5) gradual stability state.This study is helpful to understand the dynamic response process of tunnel surrounding rock under the combined effect of strong earthquakes and faults,and has considerable significance for tunnel safety estimation.
引文
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[22]陈桂华,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.2008年汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂变形定量分析——北川—映秀断裂地表破裂带[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):723～738.Chen Guihua,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Rongzhang,et al.Quantitativeanalysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Wenchuanearthquake,Sichuan,China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):723～738.
[23]李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):3～18.Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Geological back-ground of Longmenshan seismic belt and surface ruptures in Wen-chuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):3～18.
[24]王如宾,徐卫亚,石崇,等.高地震烈度区岩体地下洞室动力响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):568～575.Wang Rubin,Xu Weiya,Shi Chong,et al.Dynamic response a-nalysis of rock underground caverns in highly seismic region.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):568～575.
[2]Wang Zhengzheng,Gao Bo,Jiang Yuanjun,et al.Investigationand assessment on mountain tunnels and geotechnical damage afterWenchuan earthquake[J].Science in China(Series E),2009,52(2):546～558.
[3]Samata S,Ohuchi H,Matsuda T.A study of the damage of subwaystructures during the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake[J].Cementand Concrete Composites,1997,19(3):223～239.
[4]Wang WL,Wang TT,Su JJ,et al.Assessment of damage in moun-tain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Tunnellingand Underground Space Technology,2001,16(3):133～150.
[5]刘君,孔宪京.节理岩体中隧道开挖与地震作用下围岩的稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4929～4933.Liu Jun,Kong Xianjing.Stability of tunnel in jointed rock massesduring excavation and under earthquake load.Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4929～4933.
[6]刘妮娜,门玉明,彭建兵,等.地震荷载作用下地铁盾构隧道动力响应分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(4):58～62.Liu Nina,Men Yuming,Peng Jianbing,et al.Dynamic responseof shield metro tunnel in earthquake load.Hydrogeology and Engi-neering Geology,2010,37(4):58～62.
[7]郑颖人,肖强,叶海林,等.地震隧洞稳定性分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1081～1088.Zheng Yingren,Xiao Qiang,Ye Hailin,et al.Study of tunnel sta-bility analysis with seismic load.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechan-ics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1081～1088.
[8]刘立宇,陈之毅,袁勇.围岩级别对强震作用下隧道地震响应的影响[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,7(增1):1314～1318.Liu Liyu,Chen Zhiyi,Yuan Yong.Impact of rock class on seis-mic responses of mountain tunnels under severe earthquakes.Chi-nese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2011,7(S1):1314～1318.
[9]方林,蒋树屏,林志,等.穿越断层隧道振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学,2011,32(9):2709～2713,2820.Fang Lin,Jiang Shuping,Lin Zhi,et al.Shaking table model teststudy of tunnel through fault.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2709～2713,2820.
[10]Jeon S,Kim J,Seo Y,et al.Effect of a fault and weak plane onthe stability of a tunnel in rock-A scaled model test and numeri-cal analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences,2004,41(3):486.
[11]Mirko C,Laura C,Carlo GL,et al.Seismic analysis of deep tun-nels in near fault conditions:A case study in Southern Italy[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2011,9(4):975～995.
[12]Anastasopoulos I,Gerolymos N,Drosos V,et al.Behaviour ofdeep immersed tunnel under combined normal fault rupture de-formation and subsequent seismic shaking[J].Bulletin of Earth-quake Engineering,2008,6(2):213～239.
[13]AnastasopoulosⅠ,Gazetas G.Analysis of cut-and-cover tunnelsagainst large tectonic deformation[J].Bulletin of EarthquakeEngineering,2010,8(2):283～307.
[14]Genis M.Assessment of the dynamic stability of the portals of theDorukhan tunnel using numerical analysis[J].International Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(8):1231～1241.
[15]赵瑜,张春文,刘新荣,等.高应力岩石局部化变形与隧道围岩灾变破坏过程[J].重庆大学学报,2011,34(4):100～106.Zhao Yu,Zhang Chunwen,Liu Xinrong,et al.Study on strainlocalization and progressive failure of surrounding rock under highpressure environment.Journal of Chongqing University,2011,34(4):100～106.
[16]Hajiabdolmajid V,Kaiser PK,Martin CD.Modelling brittle failureof rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences,2002,69(6):731～741.
[17]廖红建,王铁行,谢永利,等.岩土工程数值分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.Liao Hongjian,Wang Tiexing,Xie Yongli,et al.Numerical A-nalysis of Geotechnical Engineering.Beijing:China MachinePress,2009.
[18]Chen SG.Discrete element modeling of an underground explosionin a jointed rock mass[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engi-neering,2000,18(2):59～78.
[19]铁道部第一勘测设计院.铁路工程地质手册[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2010.First Survey and Design Institute Ministry of Railways.RailwayEngineering Geology Guide.Beijing:China Railway Press,2010.
[20]兰恒星,伍法权.岩土力学数值模拟中力学参数的确定方法[J].世界地质,2001,20(1):66～71.Lan Hengxing,Wu Faquan.The decision of mechanical parame-ters for numerical simulation of rock and soil mechanics.WorldGeology,2001,20(1):66～71.
[21]黄志全,王思敬,李华晔.岩体力学参数取值的置信度及其可靠性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):33～35.Huang Zhiquan,Wang Sijing,Li Huaye.The believable degreeof mechanical parameters of rock mass and its reliability.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):33～35.
[22]陈桂华,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.2008年汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂变形定量分析——北川—映秀断裂地表破裂带[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):723～738.Chen Guihua,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Rongzhang,et al.Quantitativeanalysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Wenchuanearthquake,Sichuan,China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):723～738.
[23]李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):3～18.Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Geological back-ground of Longmenshan seismic belt and surface ruptures in Wen-chuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):3～18.
[24]王如宾,徐卫亚,石崇,等.高地震烈度区岩体地下洞室动力响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):568～575.Wang Rubin,Xu Weiya,Shi Chong,et al.Dynamic response a-nalysis of rock underground caverns in highly seismic region.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):568～575.
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