桥梁水下桩墩结构振动台模型试验相似律验证
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摘要
模拟地震振动台模型试验是研究桥梁桩墩结构抗震设计的重要方法。振动台试验结果的有效性取决于模型结构与原型结构的相似程度,不同的试验目的对应的相似关系也有差别。桥梁水下桩墩结构动力模型试验在满足结构自身相似律的同时,也要满足结构周围动水压力的相似,水体的存在限制了试验模型的相似设计。基于目前广泛应用的Buckinghamπ定理,采用量纲分析法和方程分析法,通过对比分析,在合理假设的基础上得出了桥梁混凝土桩墩结构振动台破坏试验模型设计的实用相似关系。最后,以某实际水下桥梁桩墩结构为例,通过计算分析验证了相似关系公式并对产生的误差进行了判断。结果表明:原型结构与模型结构的地震动力响应满足预计的相似关系;推导的相似律能在一定程度上避免模型设计的困难,较适用于实际应用。
The model test of seismic simulation shaking table is a important method to research the seismic design of pier structure.The different similitude laws correspond to the different test objective and impact the validity of test results.The water limits the simulation design of test model of pile pier structures in water,because the simulation laws of structure itself and hydrodynamic pressure should be satisfied simultaneously.In order to derive the similitude laws of shaking table scale model failure test of the concrete pile-pier structures,based on the theorem of Buckingham π widely used at present,the dimensional and equational analysis method are used contrastively and reasonable hypotheses are proposed.Furthermore,with an actual underwater concrete pier example,the similitude laws are validated and the error is estimated.The results show that the seismic responses of prototype and model satisfy the similitude laws derived.The similitude laws derived can avoid the difficulty for designing the model and are suitable for practical application.
The model test of seismic simulation shaking table is a important method to research the seismic design of pier structure.The different similitude laws correspond to the different test objective and impact the validity of test results.The water limits the simulation design of test model of pile pier structures in water,because the simulation laws of structure itself and hydrodynamic pressure should be satisfied simultaneously.In order to derive the similitude laws of shaking table scale model failure test of the concrete pile-pier structures,based on the theorem of Buckingham π widely used at present,the dimensional and equational analysis method are used contrastively and reasonable hypotheses are proposed.Furthermore,with an actual underwater concrete pier example,the similitude laws are validated and the error is estimated.The results show that the seismic responses of prototype and model satisfy the similitude laws derived.The similitude laws derived can avoid the difficulty for designing the model and are suitable for practical application.
引文
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[2]李鸿晶,陆鸣,温增平,等.汶川地震桥梁震害的特征[J].南京工业大学学报,2009,31(1):24-29.LI Hongjing,LU Ming,WEN Zengping,et al.Characteristics of bridge damages in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Nanjing University ofTechnology(Natural Science Edition),2009,31(1):24-29.(in Chinese)
[3]赖伟,王君杰,韦晓,等.桥墩地震动水效应的水下振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):164-171.LAI Wei,WANG Junjie,WEI Xiao,et al.The shaking table test for submerged bridge pier[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineer-ing Vibration,2006,26(6):164-171.(in Chinese)
[4]林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1-8.LIN Gao,ZHU Tong,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[5]杨俊杰.相似理论与结构模型试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2005.YANG Junjie.Similarity theory and structural model test[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[6]张敏政.地震模拟试验中相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动.1997,17(2):52-58.ZHANG Minzheng.Study on similitude laws for shaking table tests[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration.1997,17(2):52-58.(in Chinese)
[7]迟世春,林少书.结构动力模型试验相似理论及其验证[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(4):11-20.CHI Shichun,LIN Shaoshu.Validation of similitude laws for dynamic structural model test[J].Word Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(4):11-20.(in Chinese)
[8]周颖,卢文胜,吕西林.模拟地震振动台模型实用设计方法[J].结构工程师,2003(3):30-38.ZHOU Ying,LU Wensheng,LU Xilin.Practical model design method of shaking table tests[J].Structural Engineers,2003(3):30-38.(inChinese)
[9]叶镇国.实用桥涵水利水文计算原理与习题解法指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.YE Zhenguo.Pragmatic guide of hydraulic and hydrologic calculation principle and exercises solution on bridges and culverts[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[10]章关永.桥梁结构试验[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2010.ZHANG Guanyong.Bridge structural testing[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[11]陆文发,李林普,高道明.近海导管架平台[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.LU Wenfa,LI Linpu,GAO Daoming.Offshore jacket platform[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1992.(in Chinese)
[12]李富荣,陈国兴,王志华.考虑动水压力影响的单柱式桥墩地震反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(2):114-121.LI Furong,CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua.Seismic responses of single-column pier considering the effects of hydrodynamic pressure[J].Journalof Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(2):114-121.(in Chinese)
[13]Anil K.Chopra.结构动力学:理论及其在地震工程中的应用[M].谢礼立,吕大刚,等译.北京:高等教育出版社,2007.Anil K.Chopra.Dynamics of structures:theory and applications to earthquake engineering[M].Translated by XIE LiLi and LU Dagang.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007.(in Chinese)
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