钢筋混凝土挡块抗震性能及改进试验
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摘要
为提高桥梁横向挡块的抗震能力,针对挡块斜截面脆性剪断破坏的震害现象,提出了"限制破坏范围"和"提高塑性变形能力"2个抗震性能目标;采用拟静力试验研究了剪切钢筋与水平拉筋的相对数量关系,以及剪切钢筋布置方式、施工缝、加载位置等对挡块性能的影响;通过回归分析拟合了挡块的滑移强度,并提出了使挡块发生滑移破坏所需满足的配筋和构造细节。研究结果表明:挡块的破坏形态分为斜截面剪切、连接面剪切、连接面滑移3种;当发生连接面滑移破坏时,挡块及盖梁本身完好无损,两者仅在连接面上产生大位移相对滑动,挡块塑性变形能力最大,且便于震害修复;挡块的滑移强度与其剪切钢筋参数之间呈近似线性关系,利于工程设计计算。
In order to improve the seismic performance of transverse retainers in girder bridges,aimed at the seismic damage to the retainers subjected to diagonal brittle shear failure,two seismic performance targets were proposed,i.e.control of the retainer damage scope and enhancement of the retainer ductile deformation capacity. Quasi-static experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of relative amounts between shear reinforcement and horizontal tie reinforcement,configuration of shear reinforcement,construction joint and loading position on the behavior of retainer.Regression analysis was used to fit the sliding strength of the retainers,and the details of reinforcement and construction were proposed for the retainers designed so that a sliding shear failure would be expected.The results show that the retainers fail due to three mechanisms,i.e.diagonal shear failure,horizontal shear failure and sliding shear failure.When the sliding shear failure happens,the retainer and the cap beam themselves are protected from damage with only large-displacement relative sliding observed at the retainer/cap beam interface,with the best ductile deformation capacity of the retainer among the threemechanisms,which is convenient for post-earthquake repair.An approximate linear relationship exists between the retainer sliding strength and its shear reinforcement parameter,which is beneficial for the engineering design and computation.
In order to improve the seismic performance of transverse retainers in girder bridges,aimed at the seismic damage to the retainers subjected to diagonal brittle shear failure,two seismic performance targets were proposed,i.e.control of the retainer damage scope and enhancement of the retainer ductile deformation capacity. Quasi-static experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of relative amounts between shear reinforcement and horizontal tie reinforcement,configuration of shear reinforcement,construction joint and loading position on the behavior of retainer.Regression analysis was used to fit the sliding strength of the retainers,and the details of reinforcement and construction were proposed for the retainers designed so that a sliding shear failure would be expected.The results show that the retainers fail due to three mechanisms,i.e.diagonal shear failure,horizontal shear failure and sliding shear failure.When the sliding shear failure happens,the retainer and the cap beam themselves are protected from damage with only large-displacement relative sliding observed at the retainer/cap beam interface,with the best ductile deformation capacity of the retainer among the threemechanisms,which is convenient for post-earthquake repair.An approximate linear relationship exists between the retainer sliding strength and its shear reinforcement parameter,which is beneficial for the engineering design and computation.
引文
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[2]徐略勤,李建中.挡块对规则连续梁桥横向地震反应的影响[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(4):53-59.XU Lue-qin,LI Jian-zhong.Effect of Retainers on Transverse Seismic Response of a Standard Continuous Girder Bridge[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2013,30(4):53-59.
[3]刘健新,赵国辉.“5·12”汶川地震典型桥梁震害分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(2):92-97.LIU Jian-xin,ZHAO Guo-hui.Typical Bridge Damage Analysis in“5·12”Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2009,26(2):92-97.
[4]彭建兵,马润勇,范文,等.汶川大震的科学思考[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(1):1-29.PENG Jian-bing,MA Run-yong,FAN Wen,et al.Science Contemplation for Wenchuan Earthquake of 12May,2008[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2009,31(1):1-29.
[5]庄卫林,刘振宇,蒋劲松.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害分析及对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1377-1387.ZHUANG Wei-lin,LIU Zhen-yu,JIANG Jin-song.Earthquake-induced Damage Analysis of Highway Bridges in Wenchuan Earthquake and Countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1377-1387.
[6]SDC 1.5,Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria[S].
[7]NCHRP 20-7(193)Task 12,Recommended LRFD Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Highway Bridges[S].
[8]MEGALLY S H,SILVA P F,SEIBLE F.Seismic Response of Sacrificial Shear Keys in Bridge Abutments[R].La Jolla:University of California,San Diego,2001.
[9]BOZORGZADEH A,MEGALLY S H,RESTREPO J I,et al.Seismic Response of Exterior Sacrificial Shear Keys in Bridge Abutments[R].La Jolla:University of California,San Diego,2007.
[10]聂利英,范立础.地震作用下城市立交抗震挡防撞措施分析[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(3):49-53.NIE Li-ying,FAN Li-chu.Analysis of Crashworthy Measure of Reinforced Concrete Block on Anti-seismic Urban Interchange Bridge Under Earthquake[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2006,19(3):49-53.
[11]邓育林,彭天波,李建中.地震作用下桥梁结构横向碰撞模型及参数分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(9):104-107,119.DENG Yu-lin,PENG Tian-bo,LI Jian-zhong.Pounding Model of Bridge Structures and Parameter Analysis Under Transverse Earthquakes[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26(9):104-107,119.
[12]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(6):25-30,233.WANG Jun-wen,LI Jian-zhong,FAN Li-chu.Analysis on Pounding Effect of Irregular Girder Bridges Under Transverse Earthquake[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(6):25-30,233.
[13]HOSE Y D,SILVA P F,SEIBLE F.Development of a Performance Evaluation Database for Concrete Bridge Components and Systems Under Simulated Seismic Loads[J].Earthquake Spectra,2000,16(2):413-442.
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