某大型升船机塔柱结构模型振动台试验研究
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摘要
某大型齿轮齿条爬升式升船机地处地震设防区,结构抗震性能复杂,现行的设计规范中也没有专门针对升船机塔柱结构抗震设计的条文,为确保其运行安全,对其进行1:25的升船机塔柱振动台模型试验。试验并得到了升船机模型结构的动力特性、阻尼比以及在多遇、基本、罕遇烈度地震作用下的加速度和位移反应、筒体和顶部梁系的应变,船厢与塔柱之间耦合力等,并考虑了阻尼器的影响,根据模型的试验结果和相似理论,推测出原型结构的地震反应。试验结果表明,船厢在上位时,原型纵横向基频分别为1.02 Hz和0.52 Hz,阻尼比为5%,船厢纵横向基频均与塔柱对应的基频接近。顺河向动力放大倍数小于1.76倍,横河向动力放大倍数小于2.80倍,船箱位于上部时,船厢顺河向加速度放大倍数最大为1.56倍。在设计地震下(0.149 g),结构沿纵向的响应远小于横向激励下的响应,结构整体仍处于线弹性状态,2倍设计地震(0.30 g)下,结构最大层间位移角为1/200,在超设计地震(峰值加速度为0.35 g)作用下,塔柱结构虽出现明显的破坏现象,但不至于产生倒塌。表明原型结构整体抗震性能良好,满足小震不坏、中震可修和大震不倒的抗震性能目标。在设计地震水平下,纵、横导向最大耦合力约4.6 MN和3.5 MN,阻尼器的安装,对耦合力的降低十分有效,纵向总耦合力最大值减少约15%~22%。最后对原型结构的抗震设计和强震监测提出了建议。
A large rack and pinion vertical ship lift is located in the earthquake region,which has complex structural seismic performances,moreover,there is no provisions especially for the design of ship lift tower structures in current seismic design code.In order to ensure its operational safety,a 1/25 scaled shake table model of ship lift,including towers,ship chamber model and balance chain systems is tested.The dynamic performances,damping ratio,as well as the acceleration and displacement,the strains of tower and top beams,the coupling forces between ship tank and tower of the model structure under minor,moderate,major seismic intensity earthquake are acquired from the test,in addition,the damping effect is considered,based on the test results and similitude laws,the seismic performances of prototype structure are predicted.Test results show that,when ship tank is at high level,the longitudinal and transversal basic frequencies are 1.02 Hz and 0.52 Hz,respectively,damping ratio is about 5%,the corresponding basic frequencies of ship tank are close to the tower.The longitudinal dynamic amplitude is less than 1.76 times,transverse amplitude is less than 2.80 times,meantime,the longitudinal dynamic amplitude of ship tank is less than 1.56 times.Longitudinal response of the structure is less than transversal response under design earthquake excitation(0.149 g) and structure still remains linear-elastic.The maximum inter-story displacement angle is 1/200 at twice design seismic level(0.30 g).Under rare earthquake excitation(0.35 g),although some failure phenomena appear,structure will not collapse.This indicates that the prototype structure can satisfy the three-level performance objectivity of undamaged under minor earthquake,repairable under moderate earthquake and non-collapsed under major earthquake.At design seismic level,the maximum coupling forces of longitudinal and transversal guiding beam are about 4.6 MN and 3.5 MN,the installation of damper has effect to reduce the coupling forces of longitudinal guiding beam and the maximum longitudinal coupling forces can reduce about 15%~22%.Finally,some suggestions for seismic design and strong earthquake monitoring of prototype structure are proposed.
A large rack and pinion vertical ship lift is located in the earthquake region,which has complex structural seismic performances,moreover,there is no provisions especially for the design of ship lift tower structures in current seismic design code.In order to ensure its operational safety,a 1/25 scaled shake table model of ship lift,including towers,ship chamber model and balance chain systems is tested.The dynamic performances,damping ratio,as well as the acceleration and displacement,the strains of tower and top beams,the coupling forces between ship tank and tower of the model structure under minor,moderate,major seismic intensity earthquake are acquired from the test,in addition,the damping effect is considered,based on the test results and similitude laws,the seismic performances of prototype structure are predicted.Test results show that,when ship tank is at high level,the longitudinal and transversal basic frequencies are 1.02 Hz and 0.52 Hz,respectively,damping ratio is about 5%,the corresponding basic frequencies of ship tank are close to the tower.The longitudinal dynamic amplitude is less than 1.76 times,transverse amplitude is less than 2.80 times,meantime,the longitudinal dynamic amplitude of ship tank is less than 1.56 times.Longitudinal response of the structure is less than transversal response under design earthquake excitation(0.149 g) and structure still remains linear-elastic.The maximum inter-story displacement angle is 1/200 at twice design seismic level(0.30 g).Under rare earthquake excitation(0.35 g),although some failure phenomena appear,structure will not collapse.This indicates that the prototype structure can satisfy the three-level performance objectivity of undamaged under minor earthquake,repairable under moderate earthquake and non-collapsed under major earthquake.At design seismic level,the maximum coupling forces of longitudinal and transversal guiding beam are about 4.6 MN and 3.5 MN,the installation of damper has effect to reduce the coupling forces of longitudinal guiding beam and the maximum longitudinal coupling forces can reduce about 15%~22%.Finally,some suggestions for seismic design and strong earthquake monitoring of prototype structure are proposed.
引文
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[8]周颖,于健,吕西林,等.高层钢框架-混凝土核心筒混合结构振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(2):98-105.ZHOU Ying,YU Jian,LU Xilin,et al.Shaking table model test of a high-rise hybrid structure building with steel frame-concrete core wall[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(6):191-195.(in Chinese)
[9]公茂盛,谢礼立,欧进萍.结构振动台模型模态参数识别新方法研究[J].振动工程学报,2010,23(2):230-236.GONG Maosheng,XIE Lili,OU Jinping.A method of modal parameter identification of structural shaking table model[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2010,23(2):230-236.(in Chinese)
[10]JGJ3-2010高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.JGJ3-2010Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[11]SL486—2011水工建筑物强震动安全监测技术规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.SL486—2011 Technical Specification for Strong Motion Monitoring for Seismic Safety of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Water-Power Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[2]SL203-97水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1997.SL203-97 Specifications for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures[S].Beijing:China Water-Power Press,1997.(in Chinese)
[3]GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB50011-2010Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[4]张敏政.地震模拟实验中相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2):52-58.ZHANG Minzheng.Study on similitude laws for shaking table tests[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,17(2):52-58.(in Chinese)
[5]向家坝升船机抗震安全研究报告[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院工程抗震研究中心,2010.
[6]赵作周,潘鹏,管桦,等.某大型升船机塔柱结构模型振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(6):78-86.ZHAO Zuozhou,PAN Peng,GUAN Hua,et al.Shaking table test on structural model of a large ship lift tower[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,30(6):78-86.(in Chinese)
[7]钟栋青,王曙光,刘伟庆.在振动台模型试验中黏滞阻尼器的设计方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(6):191-195.ZHONG Dongqing,WANG Shuguang,LIU Weiqing.Design method of viscous dampers in shaking table model test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(6):191-195.(in Chinese)
[8]周颖,于健,吕西林,等.高层钢框架-混凝土核心筒混合结构振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(2):98-105.ZHOU Ying,YU Jian,LU Xilin,et al.Shaking table model test of a high-rise hybrid structure building with steel frame-concrete core wall[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(6):191-195.(in Chinese)
[9]公茂盛,谢礼立,欧进萍.结构振动台模型模态参数识别新方法研究[J].振动工程学报,2010,23(2):230-236.GONG Maosheng,XIE Lili,OU Jinping.A method of modal parameter identification of structural shaking table model[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2010,23(2):230-236.(in Chinese)
[10]JGJ3-2010高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.JGJ3-2010Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Building[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[11]SL486—2011水工建筑物强震动安全监测技术规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.SL486—2011 Technical Specification for Strong Motion Monitoring for Seismic Safety of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Water-Power Press,2011.(in Chinese)
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