弹性支座对桥梁车致振动的隔振效果研究
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摘要
为探讨列车高速通过桥梁时传递到桥墩的振动受弹性支座的影响,建立了12个自由度的弹簧-阻尼单元模拟支座,嵌入到车-线-桥耦合振动分析模型中。以高速铁路上典型的32 m混凝土双线简支梁桥为研究对象,采用包含支座单元的车-线-桥耦合振动分析程序进行仿真计算。结果表明:车辆的轮重减载率和竖向振动加速度受支座竖向刚度的影响很小;支座竖向刚度降低,桥梁响应中的静力成分逐渐增大,动力成分则先逐渐减小,再逐渐增大;采用弹性支座,墩顶全频域内的减振效果主要取决于优势频段20Hz~80Hz频率范围的振动衰减量;弹性支座隔振系统的自振频率为10Hz~20Hz,能够吸收中高频振动,放大自身频率范围振动,反映出弹性支座在中、高频段具有很好的隔振性能。
To explore the effect of elastic bearings on vibration of the pier induced by a train running through at high speeds, spring-damper elements with 12 degrees of freedom were established to simulate bearings, which were then added to a train-track-bridge coupled vibration model. A typical simply-supported box-girder bridge with a span of 32 m was studied. Based on the train-track-bridge-bearing coupled vibration model with bearing elements, numerical simulation was carried out. The results show that the wheel unloading rate and the vertical acceleration of the vehicle are only marginally influenced by the stiffness of bearings. With the stiffness of bearings decreasing, the static component of the response of the bridge increases gradually, while the dynamic component decreases initially and then increases. For elastic bearings, the vibration attenuation in the whole frequency range is mainly determined by the vibration absorption effects in the dominant frequency band at 20Hz~80Hz. Because the natural frequency of the elastic bearings system is within the frequency band at 10Hz~20Hz, vibration in the intermediate and high frequency bands can be absorbed, while the vibration of its natural frequency band can be amplified. Therefore the elastic bearings can have prominent vibration isolation performance in the middle and high frequency bands.
To explore the effect of elastic bearings on vibration of the pier induced by a train running through at high speeds, spring-damper elements with 12 degrees of freedom were established to simulate bearings, which were then added to a train-track-bridge coupled vibration model. A typical simply-supported box-girder bridge with a span of 32 m was studied. Based on the train-track-bridge-bearing coupled vibration model with bearing elements, numerical simulation was carried out. The results show that the wheel unloading rate and the vertical acceleration of the vehicle are only marginally influenced by the stiffness of bearings. With the stiffness of bearings decreasing, the static component of the response of the bridge increases gradually, while the dynamic component decreases initially and then increases. For elastic bearings, the vibration attenuation in the whole frequency range is mainly determined by the vibration absorption effects in the dominant frequency band at 20Hz~80Hz. Because the natural frequency of the elastic bearings system is within the frequency band at 10Hz~20Hz, vibration in the intermediate and high frequency bands can be absorbed, while the vibration of its natural frequency band can be amplified. Therefore the elastic bearings can have prominent vibration isolation performance in the middle and high frequency bands.
引文
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[3]Kawatani M,Kobayashi Y,Kawaki H.Influence of elastomeric bearings on traffic-induced vibration of highway bridges[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2000(1696):76―82.
[4]蒋通,马超勇,张昕.弹性支承条件下车-桥体系的振动分析[J].力学季刊,2004,25(2):256―263.Jiang Tong,Ma Chaoyong,Zhang Xin.Dynamic analysis of train-bridge system with elastic supports[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2004,25(2):256―263.(in Chinese)
[5]魏陆顺,周福霖,任珉,等.三维隔震(振)支座的工程应用与现场测试[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):121―125.Wei Lushun,Zhou Fulin,Ren Min,et al.Application of three-dimensional seismic and vibration isolator to building and site test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(3):121―125.(in Chinese)
[6]魏陆顺.组合隔震与三维隔震(振)理论及试验研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.Wei Lushun.Theoretic and experimental study of combined base isolation and three-dimensional seismic amd vibration isolation[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.(in Chinese)
[7]韦红亮,练松良,周宇.高架钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振特性分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(9):1342―1348.Wei Hongliang,Lian Songliang,Zhou Yu.Vibration reduction characteristics of steel spring floating slab track in metro viaduct[J].Journal of Tongji University(National Science),2012,40(9):1342―1348.(in Chinese)
[8]蒋崇达,雷晓燕.地铁运营下钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振分析[J].华东交通大学学报,2012,29(5):23―28.Jiang Chongda,Lei Xiaoyan.The vibration damping analysis of steel spring floating slab tracks in subway operations[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2012,29(5):23―28.(in Chinese)
[9]魏金成,何平,李宇杰.地铁钢弹簧浮置板轨道的减振效果分析[J].中国铁道科学,2012,33(增刊):17―24.Wei Jincheng,He Ping,Li Yujie.Analysis on the vibration attenuation of metro steel spring floating slab track[J].China Railway Science,2012,33(Suppl.):17―24.(in Chinese)
[10]Ciough R,Penzien J.结构动力学[M].王光远,等,译.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:27―34.Ciough R,Penzien J,Structural dynamics[M].Translated by Wang Guangyuan,et al.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:27―34.(in Chinese)
[11]翟婉明,夏禾.列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:145―318.Zhai Wanming,Xia He.Theory and engineering application of train-track-bridge dynamic interaction[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011:145―318.(in Chinese)
[12]李小珍.高速铁路列车-桥梁系统耦合振动理论及应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2000.Li Xiaozhen.Studies on theory and application of train-bridge system coupling vibration in high-speed railway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2000.(in Chinese)
[13]蔡成标.高速铁路列车-线路-桥梁耦合振动理论及应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2004.Cai Chengbiao.Theory and application of train-trackbridge coupling vibration in high-speed railways[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2004.(in Chinese)
[14]刘德军.风-列车-线路-桥梁系统耦合振动研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.Liu Dejun.Coupling vibration study of wind-train-trackbridge system[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese)
[15]Yang Y B,Lin C L,Yau J D,et al.Mechanism of resonance and cancellation for train-induced vibrations on bridges with elastic bearings[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,269(1/2):345―360.
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