浅埋隧洞钻爆技术与振动控制
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摘要
复杂环境下的浅埋隧洞钻爆开挖,爆破振动的控制可分别考虑建筑物振动安全允许值和住民可接受振感的振速值。根据隧洞钻爆部位与周围建筑物的空间关系的变化,基于振速控制要求的不同,划定不同的控制洞段。隧洞出口明挖段采用小孔距的浅孔台阶爆破;在需特别控制的洞段,将循环进尺减少至0.8 m,断面开挖方式调整为分四次开挖,有效改善了爆破临空面条件和减弱孔底挟制作用;在振动控制要求降低的洞段,逐渐将循环进尺变为1.2 m和1.5 m,断面改为分两次开挖或一次性开挖。每次爆破的其它孔网参数和药量计算基于上一次爆破振速监测数据的反馈作适当调整。在此方案下,振动控制效果达到了工程要求。
In the drilling and blasting of shallow tunnel under complex environment,the allowable safety value of structural vibration and the acceptable vibration velocity by residents could be considered respectively to control the blasting vibration. According to the change of spatial relationships between positions of the tunnel blasting and surrounding buildings,different controlling tunnel parts were delimited based on different control requirements of vibration velocity. The short-hole bench blasting with small hole distance was adopted in the tunnel exports. In special controlled tunnel part,the cycle footage decreased to 0. 8m,and the section excavation method was adjusted to fourtime excavation,which effectively improved the condition of free faces and reduced the hole-bottom squeezing effect.In tunnel parts of lower vibration control requirements,the cycle length could be 1. 2m or 1. 5m,and sections were excavated once or twice. The hole parameters and charge amount in every blasting section were adjusted based on the feedback of the monitoring data. The controlling of vibration effects fitted the engineering requirements well.
In the drilling and blasting of shallow tunnel under complex environment,the allowable safety value of structural vibration and the acceptable vibration velocity by residents could be considered respectively to control the blasting vibration. According to the change of spatial relationships between positions of the tunnel blasting and surrounding buildings,different controlling tunnel parts were delimited based on different control requirements of vibration velocity. The short-hole bench blasting with small hole distance was adopted in the tunnel exports. In special controlled tunnel part,the cycle footage decreased to 0. 8m,and the section excavation method was adjusted to fourtime excavation,which effectively improved the condition of free faces and reduced the hole-bottom squeezing effect.In tunnel parts of lower vibration control requirements,the cycle length could be 1. 2m or 1. 5m,and sections were excavated once or twice. The hole parameters and charge amount in every blasting section were adjusted based on the feedback of the monitoring data. The controlling of vibration effects fitted the engineering requirements well.
引文
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[2]言志信,王永和,江平,等.爆破地震测试及建筑物结构安全标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1907-1911.YAN Zhi-xin,WANG Yong-he,JIANG Ping,et al.Study on measurement of blast-induced seism and building safety criteria[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1907-1911.(in Chinese)
[3]汪旭光,于亚伦.关于爆破振动安全判据的几个问题[J].工程爆破,2001,7(2):88-92.WANG Xu-guang,YU Ya-lun.On several problems of safety criterion of blasting vibration[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(2):88-92.(in Chinese)
[4]王利,王海亮.隧道爆破不同类型最大振速对建筑物的影响研究[J].爆破,2012,29(4):6-9.WANG Li,WANG Hai-liang.Influence of different direction vibration velocity of tunnel blasting on building[J].Blasting,2012,29(4):6-9.(in Chinese)
[5]覃钰章,舒大强,何文君.能量法处理行车振动与爆破振动等效性探讨[J].爆破,2012,29(3):11-14.QIN Yu-zhang,SHU Da-qiang,HE Wen-jun.Discussion of equivalence relation between traffic vibration and blasting vibration by energy method[J].Blasting,2012,29(3):11-14.(in Chinese)
[6]覃卫明,逄铁铮,王浩,等.深基坑附近房屋出现裂缝的施工监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):533-540.QIN Wei-ming,PANG Tie-zheng,WANG Hao,et al.Analysis of excavation monitoring for house cracking nearby deep pit foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):533-540.(in Chinese)
[7]秦邵兵.复杂环境下大规模基础开挖爆破的安全控制[J].爆破,2012,29(2):123-126.QIN Shao-bing.Safy controlling technology in large-scale foundation excavation under complexion environment[J].Blasting,2012,29(2):123-126.(in Chinese)
[8]林丛谋,杨林德,崔积宏.浅埋隧道掘进爆破振动特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(2):276-279.LIN Cong-mou,YANG Lin-de,CUI Ji-hong.Study on the vibration characteristic of the shallow-tunneling blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,2(2):276-279.(in Chinese)
[9]张建平.自由面数量对爆破振动规律影响实验研究[J].现代矿业,2009,483(7):46-48.ZHANG Jian-ping.Experimental research on effects of free surface quantity on blasting vibration laws[J].Modern Mining,2009,483(7):46-48.(in Chinese)
[10]蔡冻,吴立,梁禹.野山河隧道爆破振动监测与分析[J].爆破,2009,26(4):89-92.CAI Dong,WU Li,LIANG Yu.Monitoring and analysis on blasting vibration of Yeshanhe tunnel[J].Blasting,2009,26(4):89-92.(in Chinese)
[11]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧洞掘进爆破的地表振动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4158-4163.ZHANG Ji-chun,CAO Xiao-jun,ZHENG Shuang-ying,et al.Experimental study on vibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4158-4163.(in Chinese)
[12]曹孝君.浅埋隧道爆破的地表震动效应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.CAO Xiao-jun.Study on vibration effects of ground resulted from blasting in shallow tunnel[D].Chengdu:South-west Jiaotong University,2006.(in Chinese)
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