LRB曲线桥震致碰撞效应的非线性分析方法
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摘要
发展了一种适用于体元模拟联间轴向正面碰撞效应的束缚面型碰撞单元(Constraint-sur-face Impact Element,CIE);基于柔度法给出了不同以往文献中碰撞单元刚度的计算取值,该取值不仅理论合理且在物理角度可解释其合理性。将该方法应用于广州潮汕机场航站楼高架桥的震致碰撞分析。箱梁采用壳单元模拟,伸缩缝位置设有CIE,桥墩与箱梁间设置隔震单元模拟铅芯橡胶隔振支座(Lead-rubber Bearing,LRB),采用通过试验得到的双线性刚度模型模拟其物理行为。采用非线性直接积分法进行时程分析,主要考察联间的碰撞力、LRB滞回耗能、LRB位移量、基底弯矩、剪力以及碰撞力分别对这些因素的影响。
A nonlinear constraint-surface impact element(CIE) was developed for simulating the pounding in axial direction between 3D shell-element-mesh bridge girders based on the engineering background of ChaoShan airport.Then,a method,different from the previous literatures,for calculating the stiffness of impact element was proposed based on the flexibility method.The methods proposed were adopted and used to analyze the elevated bridge of ChaoShan airport in GuangZhou for the purpose of investigating comprehensively the earthquake-resistance capability.The bridge girders were modeled by shell elements and CIEs were assigned to the positions of the corresponding expansion joints.Isolating elements were used to simulate LRBs,and typical bilinear LRB hysteresis stiffness model obtained from experiment were adopted to describe the dynamic hysteresis behavior.Pounding forces,dissipation capability of LRBs,lateral displacements of LRBs,pier base shear forces and moments as well as the pounding effect on these cases were investigated,respectively.The proposed methods and analysis results aim at improving the earthquake resistance of the elevated bridge,which provides reference for the similar project.
A nonlinear constraint-surface impact element(CIE) was developed for simulating the pounding in axial direction between 3D shell-element-mesh bridge girders based on the engineering background of ChaoShan airport.Then,a method,different from the previous literatures,for calculating the stiffness of impact element was proposed based on the flexibility method.The methods proposed were adopted and used to analyze the elevated bridge of ChaoShan airport in GuangZhou for the purpose of investigating comprehensively the earthquake-resistance capability.The bridge girders were modeled by shell elements and CIEs were assigned to the positions of the corresponding expansion joints.Isolating elements were used to simulate LRBs,and typical bilinear LRB hysteresis stiffness model obtained from experiment were adopted to describe the dynamic hysteresis behavior.Pounding forces,dissipation capability of LRBs,lateral displacements of LRBs,pier base shear forces and moments as well as the pounding effect on these cases were investigated,respectively.The proposed methods and analysis results aim at improving the earthquake resistance of the elevated bridge,which provides reference for the similar project.
引文
[1]范立础.梁桥非线性地震反应分析[J].土木工程学报,1981,14(2):41-45.FAN Lichu.Nonlinear earthquake response analysis ofbeam bridge[J].China Civil Engineering Joural,1981,14(2):41-51.
[2]李忠献,岳福青.城市梁桥地震碰撞反应研究与发展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(4):91-98.LI Zhongxian,YUE Fuqing.State of the art of study onseismic pounding responses of urban bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(4):91-98.
[3]Zhu P,Abe M,Fujino Y.Modelling three-dimensionalnon-linear seismic performance of elevated bridges withemphasis on pounding of girders[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31:1891-1913.
[4]JTG/TB02-01-2008桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.
[5]李宏男.结构多维抗震理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[6]Ruangrassamee A,Kawashima K.Control of nonlinearbridge response with pounding effect by variabledampers[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25:593-606.
[7]Wang C J.Failure study of a bridge subjected topounding and sliding under severe ground motions[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007,34:216-231.
[8]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Pounding ofsuperstructure segments in isolated elevated bridgeduring earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamic,1998,27(5):487-502.
[9]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Reduction ofpounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(2):195-212.
[10]Kawashima K,Shoji G.Effect of restrainers to mitigatepounding between adjacent girders subjected to a strongground motion[C]//Proceeding of the 12th WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering,2000.
[11]Abdel Raheem S E,Hayashikawa T.Control strategyfor seismic pounding mitigation of bridge structures[C]//IABSE Conference,Helsinki,2008:33-40.
[12]Abdel Raheem S E,Hayashikawa T.Innovative controlstrategy for seismic pounding mitigation of bridgestructures[C]//The 14th World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,2008.
[13]Takeno S,Ohno H,Izuno K.Velocity-based design ofseismic unseating prevention cable and shock absorberfor bridges[J].ASCE Structural Engineering andEarthquake Engineering,2004,21(2):175-188.
[14]Abdel Raheem S E.Pounding mitigation and unseatingprevention at expansion joints of isolated multi-spanbridges[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31:2345-2356.
[15]王东升,冯启民,王国新.基于直杆共轴碰撞理论的桥梁地震反应邻梁碰撞分析模型[J].工程力学,2004,21(2):157-166.WANG Dongsheng,FENG Qimin,WANG Guoxin.Analysis model of pounding between adjacent bridgegirders during earthquakes based on collinear impactbetween rods[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(4):157-166.
[16]王东升,杨海红,王国新.考虑邻梁碰撞的多跨长简支梁桥落梁震害分析[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(3):54-59.WANG Dongsheng,YANG Haihong,WANG Guoxin.Seismic analysis of girders falling down in multi-spanlong simply supported bridges with adjacent poundingeffects[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(3):54-59.
[17]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Pounding ofsuperstructure segments in isolated elevated bridgeduring earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1998,27:487-502.
[18]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Reduction ofpounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(2):195-212.
[19]李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥纵向地震反应及碰撞效应[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(1):84-90.LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Longitudinal seismicresponse and pounding effects of girders bridges withunconventional configurations[J].China CivilEngineering Joural,2005,38(1):84-90.
[20]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥伸缩缝处的碰撞对地震反应的影响[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(1):54-59.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Effect ofpounding at expansion joints on seismic response ofirregular girder bridges[J].China Civil EngineeringJoural,2006,39(1):54-59.
[21]李忠献,岳福青,周莉.地震时桥梁碰撞分析的等效Kelvin撞击模型[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):128-133.LI Zhongxian,YUE Fuqing,ZHOU Li.EquivalentKelvin impact model for pounding analysis of bridgesduring earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):128-133.
[22]Azevedo J,Bento R.Design criteria for buildingssubjected to pounding[C]//Eleventh Word Conferenceon Earthquake Engineering,Acapulco,1996.
[23]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Pounding ofsuperstructure segments in isolated elevated bridgeduring earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1998,(27):487-502.
[2]李忠献,岳福青.城市梁桥地震碰撞反应研究与发展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(4):91-98.LI Zhongxian,YUE Fuqing.State of the art of study onseismic pounding responses of urban bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(4):91-98.
[3]Zhu P,Abe M,Fujino Y.Modelling three-dimensionalnon-linear seismic performance of elevated bridges withemphasis on pounding of girders[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31:1891-1913.
[4]JTG/TB02-01-2008桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.
[5]李宏男.结构多维抗震理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[6]Ruangrassamee A,Kawashima K.Control of nonlinearbridge response with pounding effect by variabledampers[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25:593-606.
[7]Wang C J.Failure study of a bridge subjected topounding and sliding under severe ground motions[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007,34:216-231.
[8]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Pounding ofsuperstructure segments in isolated elevated bridgeduring earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamic,1998,27(5):487-502.
[9]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Reduction ofpounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(2):195-212.
[10]Kawashima K,Shoji G.Effect of restrainers to mitigatepounding between adjacent girders subjected to a strongground motion[C]//Proceeding of the 12th WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering,2000.
[11]Abdel Raheem S E,Hayashikawa T.Control strategyfor seismic pounding mitigation of bridge structures[C]//IABSE Conference,Helsinki,2008:33-40.
[12]Abdel Raheem S E,Hayashikawa T.Innovative controlstrategy for seismic pounding mitigation of bridgestructures[C]//The 14th World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,2008.
[13]Takeno S,Ohno H,Izuno K.Velocity-based design ofseismic unseating prevention cable and shock absorberfor bridges[J].ASCE Structural Engineering andEarthquake Engineering,2004,21(2):175-188.
[14]Abdel Raheem S E.Pounding mitigation and unseatingprevention at expansion joints of isolated multi-spanbridges[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31:2345-2356.
[15]王东升,冯启民,王国新.基于直杆共轴碰撞理论的桥梁地震反应邻梁碰撞分析模型[J].工程力学,2004,21(2):157-166.WANG Dongsheng,FENG Qimin,WANG Guoxin.Analysis model of pounding between adjacent bridgegirders during earthquakes based on collinear impactbetween rods[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(4):157-166.
[16]王东升,杨海红,王国新.考虑邻梁碰撞的多跨长简支梁桥落梁震害分析[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(3):54-59.WANG Dongsheng,YANG Haihong,WANG Guoxin.Seismic analysis of girders falling down in multi-spanlong simply supported bridges with adjacent poundingeffects[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(3):54-59.
[17]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Pounding ofsuperstructure segments in isolated elevated bridgeduring earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1998,27:487-502.
[18]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Reduction ofpounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(2):195-212.
[19]李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥纵向地震反应及碰撞效应[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(1):84-90.LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Longitudinal seismicresponse and pounding effects of girders bridges withunconventional configurations[J].China CivilEngineering Joural,2005,38(1):84-90.
[20]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥伸缩缝处的碰撞对地震反应的影响[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(1):54-59.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Effect ofpounding at expansion joints on seismic response ofirregular girder bridges[J].China Civil EngineeringJoural,2006,39(1):54-59.
[21]李忠献,岳福青,周莉.地震时桥梁碰撞分析的等效Kelvin撞击模型[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):128-133.LI Zhongxian,YUE Fuqing,ZHOU Li.EquivalentKelvin impact model for pounding analysis of bridgesduring earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):128-133.
[22]Azevedo J,Bento R.Design criteria for buildingssubjected to pounding[C]//Eleventh Word Conferenceon Earthquake Engineering,Acapulco,1996.
[23]Jankowski R,Wilde K,Fujino Y.Pounding ofsuperstructure segments in isolated elevated bridgeduring earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1998,(27):487-502.
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