汶川震后杨家山隧道断层塌方成因及其地质雷达预报研究
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摘要
受汶川地震的影响,经过断层带的公路隧道在施工时更容易出现大的塌方事故。为避免造成人员伤亡和经济损失,本文以广甘高速公路杨家山隧道右洞桩号K22+624段塌方为工程背景,采用现场地质描述分析、地质雷达探测,以及编写程序的正演模拟相结合,对汶川地震过后断层带对隧道塌方的影响进行研究。结果表明,在震后断层带的影响范围内,围岩整体特性发生突变,雷达波形图中会形成强烈的反射波信号,经过后期处理,能够得到较为清晰的波形异常图,从而推测出掌子面前方可能出现塌方的情况。文章最后对地质雷达探测加以正演模拟,可有效地指导整个隧道施工过程,并取得较好的经济收益。
Earthquakes are prone to trigger large collapses during the construction of highway tunnels in fault zones.To avoid casualties and economic losses,the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on the Yangjiashan Tunnel of the Guanggan highway were examined by using the section at K22 + 624 as an example.A combination of geological field description analysis,geological radar detection techniques and program forward modeling were used in this study.The results showed that the overall properties of the surrounding rock mutated and a strong reflected wave signal formed in the radar waveform pattern within the scope affected by the fault zone after the earthquake.After optimization and post-processing,the establishment of a clear anomaly waveform map was possible;this map was then used to form a conjecture regarding the collapse that may occur in front of the working face.Finally,the forward modeling of this work was undertaken;this can be used effectively to guide the entire tunnel construction process and to obtain better economic returns.
Earthquakes are prone to trigger large collapses during the construction of highway tunnels in fault zones.To avoid casualties and economic losses,the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on the Yangjiashan Tunnel of the Guanggan highway were examined by using the section at K22 + 624 as an example.A combination of geological field description analysis,geological radar detection techniques and program forward modeling were used in this study.The results showed that the overall properties of the surrounding rock mutated and a strong reflected wave signal formed in the radar waveform pattern within the scope affected by the fault zone after the earthquake.After optimization and post-processing,the establishment of a clear anomaly waveform map was possible;this map was then used to form a conjecture regarding the collapse that may occur in front of the working face.Finally,the forward modeling of this work was undertaken;this can be used effectively to guide the entire tunnel construction process and to obtain better economic returns.
引文
[1]蒋华.断层带处公路隧道横断面抗震分析[J].隧道建设,2009,29(1):15-18 Jiang Hua.Study on Transverse Seismic Response of Highway Tunnel in Fault Region[J].Tunnel Construction,2009,29(1):15-18
[2]王青海.超前预测预报在笔架山隧道施工中的应用[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):952-954 Wang Qinghai.Application of Advanced Prediction and Forecast in Bijiashan Tunnel Construction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):952-954
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[4]陶双江.5.12汶川大地震后四川部分公路隧道震害初步分析[J].西南公路,2008(4):120-124 Tao Shuangjiang.Preliminary Analysis of Damages of Some Road Tunnels in Sichuan Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Southwest Highway,2008(4):120-124
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[7]赵宇.GPR及TSP在隧道超前预报中的解译标志研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009 Zhao Yu.Study on the Interpretation of GPR and TSP in Geological Forecast of Tunnel[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2009
[8]李忠.河北省滦平县张家湾隧道断裂破碎带特征与围岩失稳研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(2):16-18 Li Zhong.The Study on the Characteristics of the Fault Crushed Zones and Surrounding Rock Mass Stability of a Highway Tunnel at Zhangjiawan,Luanping,Hebei Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2006,17(2):16-18
[9]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):743-750 Li Tianbin.Failure Characteristic and Influence Factor Analysis of Mountain Tunnels at Epicenter Zones of Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):743-750
[10]曾知法.隧道不良地质体地震与地质雷达正演偏移数值模拟及物探信号处理分析研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011 Zeng Zhifa.Numerical Forward&Migration Modeling for Unfavorable Geologic Bodies in Tunnelling with Seismic Method,GPR Method and Processing of Geophysical Signals[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011
[2]王青海.超前预测预报在笔架山隧道施工中的应用[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):952-954 Wang Qinghai.Application of Advanced Prediction and Forecast in Bijiashan Tunnel Construction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):952-954
[3]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.杨家山隧道详细勘察报告[R].2009 Highway Planning,Survey and Design Research Institute of Sichuan Communications Department.Detailed Survey Report of Yangjiashan Tunnel[R].2009
[4]陶双江.5.12汶川大地震后四川部分公路隧道震害初步分析[J].西南公路,2008(4):120-124 Tao Shuangjiang.Preliminary Analysis of Damages of Some Road Tunnels in Sichuan Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Southwest Highway,2008(4):120-124
[4]冯卫星,等.隧道坍方案例分析[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2002 Feng Weixing,et al.Analysis of Tunnel Collapse Cases[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2002
[6]姜汶泉.地质雷达在公路隧道超前地质预报中的应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):650-652 Jiang Wenquan.Application of Ground Penetrating Radar in Advanced Geological Forecasting for Highway Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(4),650-652
[7]赵宇.GPR及TSP在隧道超前预报中的解译标志研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009 Zhao Yu.Study on the Interpretation of GPR and TSP in Geological Forecast of Tunnel[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2009
[8]李忠.河北省滦平县张家湾隧道断裂破碎带特征与围岩失稳研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(2):16-18 Li Zhong.The Study on the Characteristics of the Fault Crushed Zones and Surrounding Rock Mass Stability of a Highway Tunnel at Zhangjiawan,Luanping,Hebei Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2006,17(2):16-18
[9]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):743-750 Li Tianbin.Failure Characteristic and Influence Factor Analysis of Mountain Tunnels at Epicenter Zones of Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):743-750
[10]曾知法.隧道不良地质体地震与地质雷达正演偏移数值模拟及物探信号处理分析研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011 Zeng Zhifa.Numerical Forward&Migration Modeling for Unfavorable Geologic Bodies in Tunnelling with Seismic Method,GPR Method and Processing of Geophysical Signals[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011
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