高烈度活断层地区隧道结构抗震的综合措施
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摘要
以地处高烈度活断层地区的敦煌—格尔木铁路阔克萨隧道为背景工程,采用地震动力仿真模拟方法,探讨采用注浆加固圈、减震层和超挖法等不同措施时隧道结构的抗震机理与效果。计算结果表明:采用无注浆加固,以及全环间隔注浆、全环接触注浆和局部注浆3种注浆加固方式时,隧道结构的位移以及二次衬砌的振动加速度均基本相同,但最大应力的降低较明显,其中采用全环间隔注浆方式时,隧道二次衬砌最大应力的降低幅度最大;设置减震层后,隧道衬砌的拉应力大幅度减小,但对衬砌的位移和振动加速度响应影响较小;采用超挖法施工时,施作1层衬砌就能满足抗震的要求,但应预留施作2层衬砌的空间;适合于高烈度活断层地区隧道结构抗震的综合措施为采用全环间隔注浆加固方式,其夹层围岩间隔距离为1m、加固圈厚度为3m;横向减震层厚度为150mm,纵向衬砌节段长度为8m;选用超挖法进行施工。
With the Kuokesa Tunnel of Dunhuang-Golmud Railway in the area of high intensity active fault as engineering background and by the seismic dynamic simulation method,the aseismic mechanism and effect of tunnel structure with different seismic measures,such as the grouting reinforcement ring,shock absorption layer and ultra excavation method,were discussed.The calculation results show that the displacement of the tunnel structure and the vibration acceleration of secondary lining are basically the same under no grouting reinforcement,or under the reinforcement of full-ring spacing grouting,full-ring contact grouting and local grouting.But the maximum stress is reduced obviously,and the maximum stress of tunnel secondary lining is reduced the largest under full-ring spacing grouting.The tensile stress of tunnel lining is greatly reduced after setting up the shock absorption layer.But it affects little on the displacement and vibration acceleration of the lining.Constructing one layer lining can meet the seismic requirements,but the space should be reserved for two layers of lining when using ultra excavation method.The comprehensive seismic measure appropriate for tunnel in the area of high intensity active fault is to adopt full-ring spacing grouting.The distance of sandwich surrounding rock is 1m,the thickness of reinforcing ring is 3m,the thickness of lateral shock absorption layer is 150 mm and the length of the longitudinal lining segment is 8m.Ultra excavation method is chosen in construction.
With the Kuokesa Tunnel of Dunhuang-Golmud Railway in the area of high intensity active fault as engineering background and by the seismic dynamic simulation method,the aseismic mechanism and effect of tunnel structure with different seismic measures,such as the grouting reinforcement ring,shock absorption layer and ultra excavation method,were discussed.The calculation results show that the displacement of the tunnel structure and the vibration acceleration of secondary lining are basically the same under no grouting reinforcement,or under the reinforcement of full-ring spacing grouting,full-ring contact grouting and local grouting.But the maximum stress is reduced obviously,and the maximum stress of tunnel secondary lining is reduced the largest under full-ring spacing grouting.The tensile stress of tunnel lining is greatly reduced after setting up the shock absorption layer.But it affects little on the displacement and vibration acceleration of the lining.Constructing one layer lining can meet the seismic requirements,but the space should be reserved for two layers of lining when using ultra excavation method.The comprehensive seismic measure appropriate for tunnel in the area of high intensity active fault is to adopt full-ring spacing grouting.The distance of sandwich surrounding rock is 1m,the thickness of reinforcing ring is 3m,the thickness of lateral shock absorption layer is 150 mm and the length of the longitudinal lining segment is 8m.Ultra excavation method is chosen in construction.
引文
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[2]王峥峥,高波,索然绪.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(2):71-76.(WANG Zhengzheng,GAO Bo,SUO Ranxu.Shaking Table Tests on Entrance Anti-Seism of Double Track Tunnels[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(2):71-76.in Chinese)
[3]方林,宋林俐.穿越断层破碎带隧道减震措施研究[J].公路,2010(2):194-197.(FANG Lin,SONG Linli.Research on Vibration-Absorption Measures of Tunnels Through Fault[J].Highway,2010(2):194-197.in Chinese)
[4]李小云,戴俊.城市浅埋隧道的抗震及减震措施研究[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(1):51-56.(LI Xiaoyun,DAI Jun.Aseismic and Seismo Reducing Measures for Shallow Urban Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(1):51-56.in Chinese)
[5]徐华,李天斌.隧道不同减震层的地震动力响应与减震效果分析[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(增1):201-208.(XIU Hua,LI Tianbin.Seismic Dynamic Response and Damping Effect Analysis of Different Buffer Layers on Tunnels[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(Supplement 1):201-208.in Chinese)
[6]王峥峥,王正松,高波.高烈度地震区连拱隧道洞口段抗震措施研究[J].中国公路学报,2011,24(6):80-85.(WANG Zhengzheng,WANG Zhengsong,GAO Bo.Research on Seismic Measures of Double-Arch Tunnel Portals in High-Intensity Earthquake Zone[J].China Journal of Transport,2011,24(6):80-85.in Chinese)
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[8]黄茂松,刘鸿哲,曹杰.软土隧道横向抗震分析的简化响应位移法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(10):3115-3121.(HUANG Maosong,LIU Hongzhe,CAO Jie.Simplified Response Displacement Method for Transverse Aseismic Analysis of Soft Soil Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(10):3115-3121.in Chinese)
[9]胡云华,魏龙海,史世波.强震作用下隧道动力响应分析及抗震措施研究[J].公路隧道,2012(3):12-16.(HU Yunhua,WEI Longhai,SHI Shibo.Research on Tunnel Dynamic Response and Seismic Measures under Strong Earthquake[J].Highway Tunnel,2012(3):12-16.in Chinese)
[10]仇文革,胡辉,赵斌.长大隧道穿越断层带减震结构数值解析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(2):252-257.(QIU Wenge,HU Hui,ZHAO Bin.Numerical Analysis of Damping Structure of Deep Buried Tunnel Crossing Fault Zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(2):252-257.in Chinese)
[11]耿萍,唐金良,权乾龙,等.穿越断层破碎带隧道设置减震层的振动台模型试验[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版),2013,44(6):2520-2526.(GENG Ping,TANG Jinliang,QUAN Qianlong,et al.Shaking Table Test for Tunnel with Shock Absorption Layer Though Fault Zone[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(6):2520-2526.in Chinese)
[12]赵伯明,苏彦.盾构隧道的纵向地震响应[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(5):59-64.(ZHAO Boming,SU Yan.The Longitudinal Seismic Response of Shield Tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(5):59-64.in Chinese)
[13]耿萍,曹东杰,唐金良,等.铁路隧道洞口合理抗震设防长度[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(6):942-948,954.(GENG Ping,CAO Dongjie,TANG Jinliang,et al.Rational Seismic Protective Length for Portal of Railway Tunnel[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2012,47(6):942-948,954.in Chinese)
[14]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.汶川地震断层破碎带段隧道结构震害分析及震害机理研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(11):122-127.(CUI Guangyao,WANG Mingnian,YU Li,et al.Study on the Characteristics and Mechanism of Seismic Damage for Tunnel Structures on Fault Rupture Zone in Wenchuan Seismic Disastrous Area[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(11):122-127.in Chinese)
[15]陈磊,陈国兴,李丽梅.近场和远场地震动作用下双层竖向重叠地铁隧道地震反应特性[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(1):79-86.(CHEN Lei,CHEN Guoxing,LI Limei.Seismic Response Characteristics of the Double-Layer Vertical Overlapping Metro Tunnels under Near-Field and Far-Field Ground Motions[J].China Railway Science,2010,31(1):79-86.in Chinese)
[16]陈红媛,谷音.地铁区间隧道三维地震反应分析[J].福州大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(4):587-592.(CHEN Hongyuan,GU Yin.Study on Three Dimension Seismic Analysis of the Underground Regional Tunnel[J].Journal of Fuzhou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,41(4):587-592.in Chinese)
[17]赵武胜,陈卫忠,谭贤君,等.高性能泡沫混凝土隧道隔震材料研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(8):1544-1552.(ZHAO Wusheng,CHEN Weizhong,TAN Xianjun,et al.High-Performance Foam Concrete for Seismic-Isolation Matericals of Tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(8):1544-1552.in Chinese)
[18]胡聿贤,高孟潭,徐宗和,等.GB18306—2001中国地震动参数区划图[S].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2001.
[2]王峥峥,高波,索然绪.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(2):71-76.(WANG Zhengzheng,GAO Bo,SUO Ranxu.Shaking Table Tests on Entrance Anti-Seism of Double Track Tunnels[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(2):71-76.in Chinese)
[3]方林,宋林俐.穿越断层破碎带隧道减震措施研究[J].公路,2010(2):194-197.(FANG Lin,SONG Linli.Research on Vibration-Absorption Measures of Tunnels Through Fault[J].Highway,2010(2):194-197.in Chinese)
[4]李小云,戴俊.城市浅埋隧道的抗震及减震措施研究[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(1):51-56.(LI Xiaoyun,DAI Jun.Aseismic and Seismo Reducing Measures for Shallow Urban Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(1):51-56.in Chinese)
[5]徐华,李天斌.隧道不同减震层的地震动力响应与减震效果分析[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(增1):201-208.(XIU Hua,LI Tianbin.Seismic Dynamic Response and Damping Effect Analysis of Different Buffer Layers on Tunnels[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(Supplement 1):201-208.in Chinese)
[6]王峥峥,王正松,高波.高烈度地震区连拱隧道洞口段抗震措施研究[J].中国公路学报,2011,24(6):80-85.(WANG Zhengzheng,WANG Zhengsong,GAO Bo.Research on Seismic Measures of Double-Arch Tunnel Portals in High-Intensity Earthquake Zone[J].China Journal of Transport,2011,24(6):80-85.in Chinese)
[7]禹海涛,袁勇,徐国平,等.超长沉管隧道抗震设计及其关键性问题分析[J].上海交通大学学报:自然科学版,2012,46(1):94-98.(YU Haitao,YUAN Yong,XU Guoping,et al.Issues on the Seismic Design and Analysis of Ultra-Long Immersed Tunnel[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Science,2012,46(1):94-98.in Chinese)
[8]黄茂松,刘鸿哲,曹杰.软土隧道横向抗震分析的简化响应位移法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(10):3115-3121.(HUANG Maosong,LIU Hongzhe,CAO Jie.Simplified Response Displacement Method for Transverse Aseismic Analysis of Soft Soil Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(10):3115-3121.in Chinese)
[9]胡云华,魏龙海,史世波.强震作用下隧道动力响应分析及抗震措施研究[J].公路隧道,2012(3):12-16.(HU Yunhua,WEI Longhai,SHI Shibo.Research on Tunnel Dynamic Response and Seismic Measures under Strong Earthquake[J].Highway Tunnel,2012(3):12-16.in Chinese)
[10]仇文革,胡辉,赵斌.长大隧道穿越断层带减震结构数值解析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(2):252-257.(QIU Wenge,HU Hui,ZHAO Bin.Numerical Analysis of Damping Structure of Deep Buried Tunnel Crossing Fault Zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(2):252-257.in Chinese)
[11]耿萍,唐金良,权乾龙,等.穿越断层破碎带隧道设置减震层的振动台模型试验[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版),2013,44(6):2520-2526.(GENG Ping,TANG Jinliang,QUAN Qianlong,et al.Shaking Table Test for Tunnel with Shock Absorption Layer Though Fault Zone[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(6):2520-2526.in Chinese)
[12]赵伯明,苏彦.盾构隧道的纵向地震响应[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(5):59-64.(ZHAO Boming,SU Yan.The Longitudinal Seismic Response of Shield Tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(5):59-64.in Chinese)
[13]耿萍,曹东杰,唐金良,等.铁路隧道洞口合理抗震设防长度[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(6):942-948,954.(GENG Ping,CAO Dongjie,TANG Jinliang,et al.Rational Seismic Protective Length for Portal of Railway Tunnel[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2012,47(6):942-948,954.in Chinese)
[14]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.汶川地震断层破碎带段隧道结构震害分析及震害机理研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(11):122-127.(CUI Guangyao,WANG Mingnian,YU Li,et al.Study on the Characteristics and Mechanism of Seismic Damage for Tunnel Structures on Fault Rupture Zone in Wenchuan Seismic Disastrous Area[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(11):122-127.in Chinese)
[15]陈磊,陈国兴,李丽梅.近场和远场地震动作用下双层竖向重叠地铁隧道地震反应特性[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(1):79-86.(CHEN Lei,CHEN Guoxing,LI Limei.Seismic Response Characteristics of the Double-Layer Vertical Overlapping Metro Tunnels under Near-Field and Far-Field Ground Motions[J].China Railway Science,2010,31(1):79-86.in Chinese)
[16]陈红媛,谷音.地铁区间隧道三维地震反应分析[J].福州大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(4):587-592.(CHEN Hongyuan,GU Yin.Study on Three Dimension Seismic Analysis of the Underground Regional Tunnel[J].Journal of Fuzhou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,41(4):587-592.in Chinese)
[17]赵武胜,陈卫忠,谭贤君,等.高性能泡沫混凝土隧道隔震材料研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(8):1544-1552.(ZHAO Wusheng,CHEN Weizhong,TAN Xianjun,et al.High-Performance Foam Concrete for Seismic-Isolation Matericals of Tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(8):1544-1552.in Chinese)
[18]胡聿贤,高孟潭,徐宗和,等.GB18306—2001中国地震动参数区划图[S].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2001.
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