桥梁抗震剪力键的力学模拟及减震效应研究
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摘要
针对一种带剪力键的滑板式橡胶支座系统的减震效果进行分析,根据基于性能的抗震设计思想以及我国抗震规范的规定,以桥墩内力和主梁位移为控制目标,明确了剪力键在正常使用、常遇地震、罕遇地震3种阶段下的性能目标,由此提出了剪力键的设计计算方法,结合数值分析方法建立了剪力键恢复力模型并给出了简易计算公式.以某等跨径桥梁为例,选取6条地震波,运用OpenSees建立了桥梁非线性动力模型并进行时程分析.结果表明:剪力键数目对滑板式橡胶支座的减震效果影响显著,合理布置剪力键能有效地防止主梁在常遇地震下发生滑移、明显减小震后残余位移,同时可大幅降低罕遇地震下桥墩内力.剪力键和滑板式橡胶支座的组合既能保证正常情况的适用性又能起到较好的减隔震效果.
This study investigated the effect of the seismic mitigation measure of a type of elastomeric bearing system with the sliding plate and seismic dowel.Firstly,combining the idea of the performancebased seismic and seismic guidelines of China,three performance metrics of the seismic dowel under different earthquake levels(normal service condition,frequent-occurred earthquake and rare-occurred earthquake)were proposed in terms of the seismic force of column or the displacement of the girder.Then,a detailed design methodology of seismic dowel was proposed to establish the hysteretic model and the simplified calculation formula.Finally,a medium-span beam bridge was taken as an example,six suitable earthquake records were chosen and the dynamic mode was established to apply the nonlinear time history analysis using OpenSees.The analytical results show that the proposed seismic mitigation measure can effectively reduce the displacement of the girder and the residue displacement under frequent-occurred earthquake,and it also can decrease the internal force of column dramatically.
This study investigated the effect of the seismic mitigation measure of a type of elastomeric bearing system with the sliding plate and seismic dowel.Firstly,combining the idea of the performancebased seismic and seismic guidelines of China,three performance metrics of the seismic dowel under different earthquake levels(normal service condition,frequent-occurred earthquake and rare-occurred earthquake)were proposed in terms of the seismic force of column or the displacement of the girder.Then,a detailed design methodology of seismic dowel was proposed to establish the hysteretic model and the simplified calculation formula.Finally,a medium-span beam bridge was taken as an example,six suitable earthquake records were chosen and the dynamic mode was established to apply the nonlinear time history analysis using OpenSees.The analytical results show that the proposed seismic mitigation measure can effectively reduce the displacement of the girder and the residue displacement under frequent-occurred earthquake,and it also can decrease the internal force of column dramatically.
引文
[1]CJJ 166—2011城市桥梁抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:7-10.CJJ 166—2011Code for seismic design of urban bridge[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2011:7-10.(In Chinese)
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[5]王克海,李冲,李茜,等.考虑支座摩擦滑移的中小跨径桥梁抗震设计方法[J].工程力学,2014,31(6):85-92.WANG Ke-hai,LI Chong,LI Qian,et al.Seismic design method of small and medium spans bridge considering bearing friction slipping[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(6):85-92.(In Chinese)
[6]NIELSON B G.Analytical fragility curves for highway bridges in moderate seismic zones[D].Atlanta,Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,2005:295-298.
[7]CHOI E.Seismic analysis and retrofit of mid-America bridges[D].Atlanta,Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,Civil and Environment Engineering,2002:47-66.
[8]聂利英,李建中,胡世德,等.抗震销的模拟及其对异型板桥抗震性能影响分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(2):108-113.NIE Li-ying,LI Jian-zhong,HU Shi-de,et al.The effects of antiseismic bolt on seismic estimation of heteromorphic bridge and its simulation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(2):108-113.(In Chinese)
[9]夏修身,陈兴冲,王希慧,等.剪力键对隔震桥梁地震反应的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(6):104-109.XIA Xiu-shen,CHEN Xing-chong,WANG Xi-hui,et al.Effect of shear key on seisrnic responses of bridge using isolation bearing[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2012,32(6):104-109.(In Chinese)
[10]孟兮,倪燕平.减震榫设计及试验研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2013,37(3):103-106.MENG Xi,NI Yan-ping.Design and experimental study of shock absorber[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2013,37(3):103-106.(In Chinese)
[11]陈浩.减震榫力学性能及其在桥梁减震中的应用[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010:47-69.CHEN Hao.Mechanical characteristic of absorber and its application on the bridges[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010:47-69.(In Chinese)
[12]Califonia Office of Emergency Serviees.Vision2000:Performance based seismic engineering of buildings[C]//Sacramento,CA:Structural Engineers Association of California Sacramento,1995:627-652.
[2]范立础.桥梁延性抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:74-95.FAN Li-chu.Ductility seismic design of bridges[M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2001:74-95.(In Chinese)
[3]范立础,王志强.桥梁减隔震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:140-144.FAN Li-chu,WANG Zhi-qiang.Seismic isolation design of bridges[M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2001:140-144.(In Chinese)
[4]庄军生.桥梁减震、隔震支座和装置[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2012:45-75.ZHUANG Jun-sheng.Bridge isolation and device[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2012:45-75.(In Chinese)
[5]王克海,李冲,李茜,等.考虑支座摩擦滑移的中小跨径桥梁抗震设计方法[J].工程力学,2014,31(6):85-92.WANG Ke-hai,LI Chong,LI Qian,et al.Seismic design method of small and medium spans bridge considering bearing friction slipping[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(6):85-92.(In Chinese)
[6]NIELSON B G.Analytical fragility curves for highway bridges in moderate seismic zones[D].Atlanta,Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,2005:295-298.
[7]CHOI E.Seismic analysis and retrofit of mid-America bridges[D].Atlanta,Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,Civil and Environment Engineering,2002:47-66.
[8]聂利英,李建中,胡世德,等.抗震销的模拟及其对异型板桥抗震性能影响分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(2):108-113.NIE Li-ying,LI Jian-zhong,HU Shi-de,et al.The effects of antiseismic bolt on seismic estimation of heteromorphic bridge and its simulation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(2):108-113.(In Chinese)
[9]夏修身,陈兴冲,王希慧,等.剪力键对隔震桥梁地震反应的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(6):104-109.XIA Xiu-shen,CHEN Xing-chong,WANG Xi-hui,et al.Effect of shear key on seisrnic responses of bridge using isolation bearing[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2012,32(6):104-109.(In Chinese)
[10]孟兮,倪燕平.减震榫设计及试验研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2013,37(3):103-106.MENG Xi,NI Yan-ping.Design and experimental study of shock absorber[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2013,37(3):103-106.(In Chinese)
[11]陈浩.减震榫力学性能及其在桥梁减震中的应用[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010:47-69.CHEN Hao.Mechanical characteristic of absorber and its application on the bridges[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010:47-69.(In Chinese)
[12]Califonia Office of Emergency Serviees.Vision2000:Performance based seismic engineering of buildings[C]//Sacramento,CA:Structural Engineers Association of California Sacramento,1995:627-652.
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