新疆地震活动区的地磁观测与研究(英文)
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摘要
新疆地区是中国最活跃的地震区之一.为了监测新疆地区潜在的强烈地震,2003年在该地区建立了N和S两个地磁测网并进行了地磁三分量测量.在N和S两个测网所选建的51个测点周围环境良好,地磁梯度小,适宜地磁测量.在野外测量中,使用性能稳定可靠的G-856磁力仪、DI磁力仪与GPS仪器,应用GPS测定方位角,DI磁力仪测量地磁偏角D与倾角I,G-856磁力仪测量总强度F.应用新疆地区乌鲁木齐与喀什地磁台站的资料,分别通化了N和S两个测网的地磁测量资料.该地磁通化值的平均标准偏差σ为:F的σf=0.20 nT;D的σd=0.06′;I的σI=0.03′,表明地磁测量资料准确可靠.根据上述地磁测量资料,应用精度高的spline方法,得到了N与S测网地磁场及其异常场的分布.结果表明,该地磁场及其异常场的分布,可以准确地描述N与S测网的地磁场及其地磁异常场.该地磁分布为今后在新疆地区的震磁研究与地震监测提供了良好的地磁参考场.
The Xinjiang area is one of the most active seismic regions in China.In order to monitor the potential strong earthquakes in the Xinjiang area,two geomagnetic networks N and S were set up and the geomagnetic three component survey was carried out in 2003.In the field survey,the geomagnetic declination D,the inclination I and the total intensity F were measured.The geomagnetic survey data were reduced using the data at geomagnetic observatories in Xinjiang area.The mean standard deviations σ of the geomagnetic reduced values are: σf=0.20 nT for F;σd=0.06′ for D;σI = 0.03′ for I.It shows that the geomagnetic surrey data are reliable and accurate.Based on the geomagnetic survey data in 2003,the distribution of the geomagnetic field and its anomalous field in the networks N and S was obtained and analyzed by using the spline method.The geomagnetic distribution can provide a good geomagnetic reference field for seismomagnetic research and earthquake monitoring in the Xinjiang area in the future.
The Xinjiang area is one of the most active seismic regions in China.In order to monitor the potential strong earthquakes in the Xinjiang area,two geomagnetic networks N and S were set up and the geomagnetic three component survey was carried out in 2003.In the field survey,the geomagnetic declination D,the inclination I and the total intensity F were measured.The geomagnetic survey data were reduced using the data at geomagnetic observatories in Xinjiang area.The mean standard deviations σ of the geomagnetic reduced values are: σf=0.20 nT for F;σd=0.06′ for D;σI = 0.03′ for I.It shows that the geomagnetic surrey data are reliable and accurate.Based on the geomagnetic survey data in 2003,the distribution of the geomagnetic field and its anomalous field in the networks N and S was obtained and analyzed by using the spline method.The geomagnetic distribution can provide a good geomagnetic reference field for seismomagnetic research and earthquake monitoring in the Xinjiang area in the future.
引文
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[32]Xu Y,Steven W R,Wei R P,Zhang W L,Wei B.Analysisof seismic activity in the crust from earthquake relocation inthe Central Tian Shan[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chi-nese),2005,48(6):1308~1315.
[33]Gu Z,Zhan Z,Gao J,et al.Geomagnetic survey and geo-magnetic model research in China[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:741~750.
[34]Zhu W,Fu Y,Zhang X,Wang Q,Wang S.Horizontalstrain field and tectonic deformation revealed by GPS primaryresults[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,46(5),609-615,2003.
[35]Ma Z,Chen X,Ye S.Research on the present crust move-ments in the Chinese mainland by GPS[J].Science Bulletin,46(13):1118~1120,2001.
[36]McClusky S,Reilinger R,Mahmoud S,Ben D,Tealeb A.GPS constraints on Africa(Nubia)and Arabia plate motions[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2003,155(1):126~138.
[37]Miura S,Ueki S,Sato T,Tachibana K,Hamaguchi H.Crustal deformation associated with the 1998 seismo-volcaniccrisis of Iwate Volcano,Northeastern Japan,as observed bya dense GPS network[J].Earth Planets Space,2000,52(11):1003~1009.
[38]Nishimura S,Hashimoto M,Audo M.A rigid block rotationmodel for the GPS derived velocity field along the Ryukyu arc[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2004,142(3~4):185~203.
[39]Nocquel J M,CalaisE.Geodetic measurements of crustal de-formation in the Western Mediterranean and Europe[J].PureAppl.Geophys.,2004,161(3):661~681.
[40]Wang W,He Y,Yao Z.Complexity of the coseismic rupturefor 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake(Tainwan)from inversion ofGPS observations[J].Tectonophysics,2004,382(3~4):173~187.
[41]Yu J,Zhang C.GPS-gravity boundary problem[J].ChinaSciences(D),2003,33(10):988~996.
[42]Gu Z,Zhan Z,Gao J,et al.Application of GPS in geomag-netic Survey[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:723~729.
[43]An Z,Xu Y,Xia G,et al.Mathematical methods to expressthe distribution of geomagnetic field and its secular variationin a local area[J].Chinese J Gephys(Acta Geophysica sini-ca)(in Chinese),1982,25(suppl.):771~717.
[44]An Z,Gu Z,Xia G,et al.Distribution of the geomagneticfield and the geomagnetic anomaly field in China expressed bythe surface Spline method for 1970[A].In:Zhang Z,GaoR,Tai Q and Liu Z(ed.),Research on the Deep Structuresof the Earth and the Dynamics in the Chinese Mainland[C].Beijing:Science Press,2004,896~907(in Chinese).
[45]An Z,Xu Y,Xia G,et al.Mathematical methods to expressthe distribution of geomagnetic field and its secular variationin a local area[J].Chinese J Gephys(Acta Geophysica sini-ca,in Chinese),1982,25(suppl):711~717.
[46]Gao J,An Z,Gu Z,et al.Distributions of geomagnetic fieldand its secular variations expressed by the surface splinemethod for 1900~1936 in China(a part)[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2006,49(2):97~107
[47]Gu Z,Zhang Y,Yao T,et al.Observation and analysis ofthe geomagnetic anomalies of Jiujiang-Ruichang Ms5.7 earth-quake[J].Acta Seismica Sinica,2006,19(6):659~669.
[2]Rikitake T.Crustal dilatency and geomagnetic variation ofshort period[J].J.Geomag.Geoelectr.,1976,28:145~156.
[3]Qi G.On the dilatancy-magnetic effect[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.(Acta Geophs.Sinica,in Chinese),1978,21:18~33.
[4]Fitterman D V.1979.Theory of electrokinetic magnetic a-nomalies in a faulted half-space[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84:6031~6040.
[5]Qi G,Hou Z,Fan G,Zhan Z.On the seismomagnetic induc-tion effect(1)[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geopgs.Sini-ca,in Chinese),1977,20(1):70~80.
[6]Qi G,Hou Z,Fan G,Zhan Z.On the seismomagnetic induc-tion effect(2)[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geopgs.Sini-ca,in Chinese),1981,24:296~308.
[7]Hao J,Hastic L,Stacey F D.Theory of the seismomagneticeffect:a reasecssment[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1982,28:129~140.
[8]Johnston M.Review of electric and magnetic fields accompan-ying seismic and volcanic activity[J].Surveys in Geophysics,1997,18:441~475.
[9]Okubo A,Oshiman N.Piezomagnetic field associated with anumerical solution of the Mogi model in a non-uniform elasticmedium[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,159(2):509~520.
[10]Rikitake T.Earthquake Prediction[J].Amsterdam:Elsevi-er,1976,386.
[11]Qi G Z.Space correlation of geomagnetic field and its applica-tion in earthquake prediction[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(ActaGeopgs.Sinica,in Chinese),1977,20(3):184~201.
[12]Xu W Y,Qi K W,Shi M.Short-period geomagnetic varia-tion and its correlation with seismicactivity in the easternKansu province[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geopgs.Sinica,in Chinese),1978,21(3):218~224.
[13]Shapiro V,Abdullabekov K.Anomalous variations of geo-magnetic field in East Fergake-magnetic precursors of theAlay Earthquake withM=7.0(1978,Nov.2)[J].Geo-phys.J.R.Astron.Soc.,1982,68(1):1~5.
[14]Davis P,Johnston M.Localized geomagnetic field changesnear active faults in California 1974~1980[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1983,88:9452~9460.
[15]Sumitomo N,Noritomi K.Synchronous precursors in the e-lectrical earth resistivity and geomagnetic field in relation toan earthquake near the Yamasaki fault,Southwest Japan[J].J.Geomag.Geoeletr.,1986,38:971~989.
[16]Johnston M.Review of magnetic and electric field effects nearactive faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A[J].Phys.EarthPlanet.Inter.,1989,57:47~63.
[17]Zhan Z.Investigations of tectonomagnetic phenomena in Chi-na[J].Phys.Earth Plan.Inter.,1989,57:11~22.
[18]Oshiman N,Tuncer M K,Honkura Y,Baris S,Yazici O,Isikara.A strategy of tectonomagnetic observation for moni-toring possible precursors to earthquakes in the western partof the North Anatolian fault zone,turkey[J].Tectonophys-ics,1991,193:359~368.
[19]Iyeori T,Kamei T,Tanaka Y,Takeda M,Hashimoto T,Araki,Okamoto,Watanabe K,Sumitomo N,Oshiman N.Co-seismic geomagnetic variations observed at the 1995Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[J].J.Geomag.Geoelectr.,1996,48(1):1059~1070.
[20]Mueller R,Johnston M.Review of magnetic field monitoringnear active faults and volcanic calderes in California:1974~1995[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1998,105(1):131~144.
[21]Uyeda S,Park S(Eds).Recent investigations of electromag-netic variations related to earthquakes[J].J.Geodynamics,2002,33:377~570.
[22]Hayakawa M,Molchanov O A(Ed.).Seismo-Electromag-netics:Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling[C].Tokyo:Terra Pub.,2002,477.
[23]Hayakawa M,Molchanov O A,NASD/UEC team.Summa-ry report of NASDA′s Earthquake Remote Sensing FrontierProject[J].Phys Chen Earth,2004,29:617~625.
[24]Gu Z,Zhan Z,Gao J,et al.Seismomagnetic research in Bei-jing and its adjacent area,China[J].Physics and Chemistryof the Earth,2006,31(4-9):258~267.
[25]Johnston M,Sasai Y,Egbert G,et al.Seismomagneticeffects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M6.0Parkfield earthquake[J].Bul.Seismol.Soc.America,2006,96(4b):1~15.
[26]Johnston M,Silverman S,Mueller R.Secular variation,crustal contributions and tectonic activity in California:1976~1984[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1985,90:8707~8717.
[27]Li Q,Lin Y,Zeng X.Wavelet analysis as a tool for revealinggeomagnetic precursors of the Zhangbei earthquake[J].Chi-nese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):855~863.
[28]Sasai Y,Ishikawa Y.Tectonomagnetic signals related to theseismo-volcanic activity in the Izu Peninsula[J].J.Phys.Earth,1991,39:299~319.
[29]Shapiro V,Muminov M,Abdullabkov K.High precisionmagnetomery for earthquake prediction in Uzbekistan,nine-ty-one forcasts between 1982 and 1992[A].In:Electromag-netic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction,edited byM.Hayyakawa and Y.Fujinawa[C].Tokyo:Terra Scientif-ic Publlishing Company,1994,37~42.
[30]Zhan Z,Gao J,Zhang H,et al.Seismomagnetic signals ob-served in China[A].In:M.Hayakawa(Ed.),Atmosphericand Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated withEarthquakes[C].Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Compa-ny,1999,103~114.
[31]Wang W M,Li L,Zha0 L F,Li J,Yao Z X.Ruptureprocess of Jiashi-Xinjiang earthquake(Ms6.5)of Feb.24,2003[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):343~351.
[32]Xu Y,Steven W R,Wei R P,Zhang W L,Wei B.Analysisof seismic activity in the crust from earthquake relocation inthe Central Tian Shan[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chi-nese),2005,48(6):1308~1315.
[33]Gu Z,Zhan Z,Gao J,et al.Geomagnetic survey and geo-magnetic model research in China[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:741~750.
[34]Zhu W,Fu Y,Zhang X,Wang Q,Wang S.Horizontalstrain field and tectonic deformation revealed by GPS primaryresults[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,46(5),609-615,2003.
[35]Ma Z,Chen X,Ye S.Research on the present crust move-ments in the Chinese mainland by GPS[J].Science Bulletin,46(13):1118~1120,2001.
[36]McClusky S,Reilinger R,Mahmoud S,Ben D,Tealeb A.GPS constraints on Africa(Nubia)and Arabia plate motions[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2003,155(1):126~138.
[37]Miura S,Ueki S,Sato T,Tachibana K,Hamaguchi H.Crustal deformation associated with the 1998 seismo-volcaniccrisis of Iwate Volcano,Northeastern Japan,as observed bya dense GPS network[J].Earth Planets Space,2000,52(11):1003~1009.
[38]Nishimura S,Hashimoto M,Audo M.A rigid block rotationmodel for the GPS derived velocity field along the Ryukyu arc[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2004,142(3~4):185~203.
[39]Nocquel J M,CalaisE.Geodetic measurements of crustal de-formation in the Western Mediterranean and Europe[J].PureAppl.Geophys.,2004,161(3):661~681.
[40]Wang W,He Y,Yao Z.Complexity of the coseismic rupturefor 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake(Tainwan)from inversion ofGPS observations[J].Tectonophysics,2004,382(3~4):173~187.
[41]Yu J,Zhang C.GPS-gravity boundary problem[J].ChinaSciences(D),2003,33(10):988~996.
[42]Gu Z,Zhan Z,Gao J,et al.Application of GPS in geomag-netic Survey[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:723~729.
[43]An Z,Xu Y,Xia G,et al.Mathematical methods to expressthe distribution of geomagnetic field and its secular variationin a local area[J].Chinese J Gephys(Acta Geophysica sini-ca)(in Chinese),1982,25(suppl.):771~717.
[44]An Z,Gu Z,Xia G,et al.Distribution of the geomagneticfield and the geomagnetic anomaly field in China expressed bythe surface Spline method for 1970[A].In:Zhang Z,GaoR,Tai Q and Liu Z(ed.),Research on the Deep Structuresof the Earth and the Dynamics in the Chinese Mainland[C].Beijing:Science Press,2004,896~907(in Chinese).
[45]An Z,Xu Y,Xia G,et al.Mathematical methods to expressthe distribution of geomagnetic field and its secular variationin a local area[J].Chinese J Gephys(Acta Geophysica sini-ca,in Chinese),1982,25(suppl):711~717.
[46]Gao J,An Z,Gu Z,et al.Distributions of geomagnetic fieldand its secular variations expressed by the surface splinemethod for 1900~1936 in China(a part)[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2006,49(2):97~107
[47]Gu Z,Zhang Y,Yao T,et al.Observation and analysis ofthe geomagnetic anomalies of Jiujiang-Ruichang Ms5.7 earth-quake[J].Acta Seismica Sinica,2006,19(6):659~669.
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