浅埋偏压洞口段隧道地震响应振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
首先对试验装置、模型相似比、相似材料、试验模型箱和测试技术等进行介绍,然后通过围岩与隧道结构的加速度响应、地层变形及内力分布规律等对振动台模型试验及数值计算结果进行分析和比较。分析结果表明:振动台模型试验和数值模拟结果有较好的吻合性;加速度随着高程的增加有明显的放大效应,偏压隧道地表临空坡面导致放大效应明显增加;地层随高程产生呈抛物线分布的相对位移值,相对位移值大小与围岩类型有关;隧道结构对地层有明显的追随性和依赖性;隧道衬砌横截面共轭45°方向为较大内力值分布部位,无偏压隧道结构横截面内力呈反对称分布,偏压隧道有较不利的内力值分布与较大峰值等。以上成果对于合理认识浅埋偏压隧道的地震响应特征具有重要意义,并对隧道实际工程设计和施工的抗震设防提供宝贵的基础资料。
The whole test scheme is systematically introduced firstly,including test facility,design of similarity ratio,similar materials,design of mould case,measuring technology and so on.Then,the test results which include acceleration characteristic of rock and tunnel structure,laws of geologic strata deformation,and distribution of internal force are analyzed and compared with the numerical analysis results.The analysis results indicate that test and numerical analysis results are in good agreement.Acceleration has an apparent amplification effect which increases obviously at the unsymmetrical loading tunnel surface;the displacement of geologic strata which increases with the heightening of elevation is parabolic distribution;and relative displacement is influenced by rock types.Conjugate 45° directions at the cross-section of tunnel structure are great internal force distributing;internal force of symmetric loading tunnel is anti-symmetric;unsymmetrical loading tunnel has unfavorable internal force and great internal force peak.The results above will have great significance to reasonably comprehend seismic response character of the shallow unsymmetrical loading tunnel and be precious basic data for the aseismic design and construction of practical engineering.
The whole test scheme is systematically introduced firstly,including test facility,design of similarity ratio,similar materials,design of mould case,measuring technology and so on.Then,the test results which include acceleration characteristic of rock and tunnel structure,laws of geologic strata deformation,and distribution of internal force are analyzed and compared with the numerical analysis results.The analysis results indicate that test and numerical analysis results are in good agreement.Acceleration has an apparent amplification effect which increases obviously at the unsymmetrical loading tunnel surface;the displacement of geologic strata which increases with the heightening of elevation is parabolic distribution;and relative displacement is influenced by rock types.Conjugate 45° directions at the cross-section of tunnel structure are great internal force distributing;internal force of symmetric loading tunnel is anti-symmetric;unsymmetrical loading tunnel has unfavorable internal force and great internal force peak.The results above will have great significance to reasonably comprehend seismic response character of the shallow unsymmetrical loading tunnel and be precious basic data for the aseismic design and construction of practical engineering.
引文
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[16]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(7):781-785.(WU Xiaoping,SUN Limin,HU Shide,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2002,30(7):781-785.(in Chinese))
[17]陈国兴,王志华,左熹,等.振动台试验叠层剪切型土箱的研制[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(1):89-97.(CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,ZUO Xi,et al.Development of laminar shear soil container for shaking table tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(1):89-97.(in Chinese))
[18]MIZUNO H,IIBA M.Shaking table testing of seismic building-pile-soil interaction[C]//Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.San Francisco:[s.n.],1984:649-656.
[19]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTG D70—2004公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.JTG D70—2004 Code for design of road tunnel[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[2]川岛一彦.地下构筑物の耐震设计[M].东京:鹿岛出版会,1994:43-60.(KAWAMATA K.Seismic design of underground structure[M].Tokyo:Kajima Press,1994:43-60.(in Japanese))
[3]Japan Society of Civil Engineers.The 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[J].Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1996,81(3):38-45.
[4]郭军,王明年,田尚志.高烈度地震区公路隧道明洞抗震计算分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(11):1 733-1 736.(GUO Jun,WANG Mingnian,TIAN Shangzhi.Aseismatic analysis of open tunnels of freeway in seismic region with strong motion[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(11):1 733-1 736.(in Chinese))
[5]王兵,谢锦昌.偏压隧道模型试验及可靠度分析[J].工程力学,1998,15(1):85-93.(WANG Bing,XIE Jinchang.Model test and reliability analysis for an unsymmetrically loaded tunnel[J].Engineering Mechanics,1998,15(1):85-93.(in Chinese))
[6]申玉生,高波,王峥峥,等.高烈度地震区山岭隧道模型试验研究[J].现代隧道技术,2008,45(5):38-43.(SHEN Yusheng,GAO Bo,WANG Zhengzheng,et al.Model test for a road tunnel in the region of high seismic intensity[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2008,45(5):38-43.(in Chinese))
[7]申玉生,高波,王英学,等.强震区山岭隧道洞口段结构动力特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3 131-3 136.(SHEN Yusheng,GAO Bo,WANG Yingxue,et al.Structural dynamic properties analysis for portal part of mountain tunnel in strong earthquake area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):3 131-3 136.(in Chinese))
[8]申玉生,高波,王峥峥.强震区山岭隧道振动台模型试验破坏形态分析[J].工程力学,2009,26(增1):62-66.(SHEN Yusheng,GAO Bo,WANG Zhengzheng.Failure mode analysis of mountain tunnel shake table test in high-intensity earthquake area[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(Supp.1):62-66.(in Chinese))
[9]李育枢,李天斌,王栋,等.黄草坪2#隧道洞口段减震措施的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1 128-1 135.(LI Yushu,LI Tianbin,WANG Dong,et al.Large-scale shaking table test for vibration-absorption measures of portal section of Huangcaoping tunnel#2[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1 128-1 135.(in Chinese))
[10]李育枢,李天斌,王栋,等.山岭偏压隧道洞口段大型振动台模型试验方案设计[J].铁道建筑,2009,(8):61-65.(LI Yushu,LI Tianbin,WANG Dong,et al.Scheme design on large-scale shaking table model test of shallow unsymmetrical loading mountain tunnels in portal section[J].Railway Engineering,2009,(8):61-65.(in Chinese))
[11]朱长安,高波,索然绪.高地震区公路隧道地震动力响应分析[J].岩土工程技术,2008,22(5):232-235.(ZHU Chang?an,GAO Bo,SUO Ranxu.Analysis for seismic dynamic responses of highway tunnel in high earthquake intensity area[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2008,22(5):232-235.(in Chinese))
[12]周德培.强震区隧道洞口段的动力特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(1):124-130.(ZHOU Depei.Dynamic behavior of portal part of tunnel subjected to strong ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(1):124-130.(in Chinese))
[13]蒋树屏,蒋华,王晓雯,等.高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段大型振动台模型试验方案设计[J].公路,2009,(10):245-249.(JIANG Shuping,JIANG hua,WANG Xiaowen,et al.Design test scheme of large-scale shaking table model for tunnel outlet of highway tunnel in seismic region with strong motion[J].Highway,2009,(10):245-249.(in Chinese))
[14]TAMARI Y,TOWHATA I.Seismic soil-structure interaction of cross sections of flexible underground structures subjected to soil liquefaction[J].Journal of the Japanese Geotechnical Society of Soils and Foundations,2003,43(2):69-87.
[15]车爱兰,岩楯敞广,葛修润.关于地铁地震响应的模型振动试验及数值分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(8):1 293-1 298.(CHE Ailan,TAKAHIRO I,GE Xiurun.Dynamic behaviors of subway structure subjected to strong earthquake motions using shaking table tests and dynamic analyses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(8):1 293-1 298.(in Chinese))
[16]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(7):781-785.(WU Xiaoping,SUN Limin,HU Shide,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2002,30(7):781-785.(in Chinese))
[17]陈国兴,王志华,左熹,等.振动台试验叠层剪切型土箱的研制[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(1):89-97.(CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,ZUO Xi,et al.Development of laminar shear soil container for shaking table tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(1):89-97.(in Chinese))
[18]MIZUNO H,IIBA M.Shaking table testing of seismic building-pile-soil interaction[C]//Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.San Francisco:[s.n.],1984:649-656.
[19]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTG D70—2004公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.JTG D70—2004 Code for design of road tunnel[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.(in Chinese))
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