唐家山堰塞湖库区马铃岩滑坡地震复活效应及其稳定性研究
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摘要
马铃岩滑坡位于唐家山堰塞湖内上游约4 km的通口河左岸,在堰塞湖抢险过程中备受关注。在对滑坡基本地质条件和地震前、后变形破坏迹象现场地质调查基础上,对震后、尤其是唐家山堰塞湖形成后滑坡稳定性进行了系统分析和计算。计算结果表明,各种不同工况下震后滑坡整体稳定,只是靠上游侧前缘受地震、堰塞湖蓄水及泄水水位骤降等因素影响存在局部失稳,马铃岩滑坡不会对下游唐家山堰塞坝溃坝以及未来堰塞湖综合治理工程产生不利影响,但震后重建工作中应注意靠上游侧滑坡体前缘一带不稳定对坡体上数十户居民造成的潜在危害。就马铃岩及地震重灾区其他古滑坡体而言,地震对大型古滑坡复活主要受控于其地形坡度及微地貌特征,地形坡度40°以上以及由缓变陡的转折部位是古滑坡整体或局部容易被地震触发失稳的充分条件,并非所有的古滑坡体均会被地震诱发而整体复活。
Malingyan Landslide is located in the left bank of Tongkou River,which is 4 km away from the upstream of Tangjiashan dammed lake.Because of its special location,it receives much concern in the process of dealing with an emergency of the dammed lake.Based on the field geological investigations of basic landslide geological conditions,deformation and failure characteristics before and after Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake,stability of Malingyan landslide,especially after the formation of dammed lake,is analyzed.The results show that the landslide is generally stable after earthquake,but part of the former section of the upriver is possibly instable because of earthquake and water storage of the dammed lake and so on.Malingyan landslide will not put against Tangjiashan dammed lake and the comprehensive treatment at a disadvantage in the future can be saved,but more attention should be put on the former section of the landslide as it may be partially instable as a result of continuous rainfalls as well as the earthquakes.And then,the potential sliding on the upside may be harmful to some residents on the slope body.Based on analytical stability results of Malingyan and the other landslides in earthquake areas,the overall reactivation of the large-scale ancient landslide caused by earthquake is mainly controlled by its terrain slope and micro-geomorphic characteristics.The whole or part ancient landslides triggered by earthquake will be instable if it satisfies the sufficient condition,in which the terrain slope is above 40 °as well as slow part changes into steep one.Not all ancient landslides are possibly reactivated by the earthquake,and this will tremendously change the common misunderstanding in the past that the earthquake will trigger the whole ancient landslide reactivated inevitably.
Malingyan Landslide is located in the left bank of Tongkou River,which is 4 km away from the upstream of Tangjiashan dammed lake.Because of its special location,it receives much concern in the process of dealing with an emergency of the dammed lake.Based on the field geological investigations of basic landslide geological conditions,deformation and failure characteristics before and after Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake,stability of Malingyan landslide,especially after the formation of dammed lake,is analyzed.The results show that the landslide is generally stable after earthquake,but part of the former section of the upriver is possibly instable because of earthquake and water storage of the dammed lake and so on.Malingyan landslide will not put against Tangjiashan dammed lake and the comprehensive treatment at a disadvantage in the future can be saved,but more attention should be put on the former section of the landslide as it may be partially instable as a result of continuous rainfalls as well as the earthquakes.And then,the potential sliding on the upside may be harmful to some residents on the slope body.Based on analytical stability results of Malingyan and the other landslides in earthquake areas,the overall reactivation of the large-scale ancient landslide caused by earthquake is mainly controlled by its terrain slope and micro-geomorphic characteristics.The whole or part ancient landslides triggered by earthquake will be instable if it satisfies the sufficient condition,in which the terrain slope is above 40 °as well as slow part changes into steep one.Not all ancient landslides are possibly reactivated by the earthquake,and this will tremendously change the common misunderstanding in the past that the earthquake will trigger the whole ancient landslide reactivated inevitably.
引文
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[9]贾厚华,贺怀建.边坡稳定模糊随机可靠度分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):657–660.(JIA Houhua,HE Huaijian.Analysis of fuzzy-random reliability of slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):657–660.(in Chinese))
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[11]李守定,李晓,吴疆,等.大型基岩顺层滑坡滑带形成演化过程与模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 473–2 480.(LEE Souting,LI Xiao,WU Jiang,et al.Evolution process and pattern of sliding zone in large consequent bedding rock landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 473–2 480.(in Chinese))
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[14]黄润秋,赵建军,巨能攀,等.汤屯高速公路顺层岩质边坡变形机制分析及治理对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):239–246.(HUANG Runqiu,ZHAO Jianjun,JU Nengpan,et al.Study on deformation mechanism and control method of bedding rock slope along Tangtun expressway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):239–246.(in Chinese))
[15]罗红明,唐辉明,胡斌,等.考虑地震力的刚体极限平衡法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 591–3 595.(LUO Hongming,TANG Huiming,HU Bin,et al.Rigid limit equilibrium method considering seismic force and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 591–3 595.(in Chinese))
[16]白俊光,吕生弟,韩建设,等.李家峡水电站坝前水库滑坡蓄水前后稳定性预测[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1 723–1 731.(BAI Junguang,LU Shengdi,HAN Jianshe,et al.Stability prediction of reservoir landslide of Lijiaxia Hydropower Station before and after reservoir impounding[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1 723–1 731.(in Chinese))
[17]刘惠军,沈军辉,聂德新,等.“5.12”汶川地震青川县木鱼镇滑坡坝稳定性分析[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):263–266.(LIU Huijun,SHEN Junhui,NIE Dexin,et al.Analysis of landslide dam stability at Muyu Town in Qingchuan County in“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Mountain Research,2008,26(3):263–266.(in Chinese))
[2]黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震地质灾害的基本特征及其对灾后重建影响的建议[J].中国地质教育,2008(,2):21–24.(HUANG Runqiu.Characteristics of geological disasters of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake and recommendation on its impact on reconstruction[J].Chinese Geological Education,2008,(2):21–24.(in Chinese))
[3]黄润秋,许强.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.(HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang.Typical catastrophic landslides in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[4]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433–454.(HUANG Runqiu.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433–454.(in Chinese))
[5]胡卸文,黄润秋,施裕兵,等.唐家山滑坡堵江机制及堰塞坝溃坝模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):181–189.(HU Xiewen,HUANG Runqiu,SHI Yubing,et al.Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):181–189.(in Chinese))
[6]张均峰,丁桦.边坡稳定性分析的三维极限平衡法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):365–370.(ZHANG Junfeng,DING Hua.Generalized 3D limit-equilibrium method for slope stability analysis and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):365–370.(in Chinese))
[7]赵尚毅,郑颍人,时卫民,等.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):343–346.(ZHAO Shangyi,ZHENG Yingren,SHI Weimin,et al.Analysis of safety factor of slope by strength reduction FEM[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(3):343–346.(in Chinese))
[8]祝玉学.边坡可靠性分析[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.(ZHU Yuxue.Stability analysis of slope[M].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[9]贾厚华,贺怀建.边坡稳定模糊随机可靠度分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):657–660.(JIA Houhua,HE Huaijian.Analysis of fuzzy-random reliability of slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):657–660.(in Chinese))
[10]邓建辉,陈菲,尹虎,等.泸定县四湾村滑坡的地质成因与稳定评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):1 945–1 950.(DENG Jianhui,CHEN Fei,YIN Hu,et al.Geological origin and stability evaluation of Siwancun landslide in Luding County[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):1 945–1 950.(in Chinese))
[11]李守定,李晓,吴疆,等.大型基岩顺层滑坡滑带形成演化过程与模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 473–2 480.(LEE Souting,LI Xiao,WU Jiang,et al.Evolution process and pattern of sliding zone in large consequent bedding rock landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 473–2 480.(in Chinese))
[12]李守定,李晓,刘艳辉.清江茅坪滑坡形成演化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):377–384.(LEE Souting,LI Xiao,LIU Yanhui.Study on generation and evolution of Maoping landslide on Qingjiang river[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(2):377–384.(in Chinese))
[13]邓建辉,闵弘,魏进兵,等.再论茅坪滑坡的复活机制与治理可行性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2 378–2 383.(DENG Jianhui,MIN Hong,WEI Jinbing,et al.Further investigation on reactivation of Maoping landslide and its possible control measures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2 378–2 383.(in Chinese))
[14]黄润秋,赵建军,巨能攀,等.汤屯高速公路顺层岩质边坡变形机制分析及治理对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):239–246.(HUANG Runqiu,ZHAO Jianjun,JU Nengpan,et al.Study on deformation mechanism and control method of bedding rock slope along Tangtun expressway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):239–246.(in Chinese))
[15]罗红明,唐辉明,胡斌,等.考虑地震力的刚体极限平衡法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 591–3 595.(LUO Hongming,TANG Huiming,HU Bin,et al.Rigid limit equilibrium method considering seismic force and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 591–3 595.(in Chinese))
[16]白俊光,吕生弟,韩建设,等.李家峡水电站坝前水库滑坡蓄水前后稳定性预测[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1 723–1 731.(BAI Junguang,LU Shengdi,HAN Jianshe,et al.Stability prediction of reservoir landslide of Lijiaxia Hydropower Station before and after reservoir impounding[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1 723–1 731.(in Chinese))
[17]刘惠军,沈军辉,聂德新,等.“5.12”汶川地震青川县木鱼镇滑坡坝稳定性分析[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):263–266.(LIU Huijun,SHEN Junhui,NIE Dexin,et al.Analysis of landslide dam stability at Muyu Town in Qingchuan County in“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Mountain Research,2008,26(3):263–266.(in Chinese))
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