地震作用对钢桁梁桥车桥系统耦合振动的影响分析
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摘要
为了研究地震对车桥系统耦合振动的影响,采用最小二乘法对地震加速度进行校正拟合,消除位移时程因直接对加速度时程积分出现的漂移现象。根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成矩阵的"对号入座"法则,将轨道不平顺作为系统的自激激励源,地震作为外部激励,建立考虑地震作用的车桥系统耦合振动方程。并以某钢桁梁桥为例,采用计算机模拟的方法,建立列车和桥梁动力分析的有限元模型,研究地震对车桥系统耦合振动的影响。研究结果表明:在地震作用下,桥梁的动力响应主要取决于地震力,横向地震波对车辆与桥梁的横向动力响应具有非常重要的影响;竖向地震波主要影响车桥系统的竖向振动,对横向振动影响很小;但是,竖向地震波对脱轨系数、轮重减载率、车体竖向加速度的影响较显著,因此,在评判桥上列车的运行安全性时必须考虑竖向地震波的影响。
In order to study the effect of coupling vibration of train-bridge system on earthquake response,using the least squares method to correct and fit the seismic acceleration,the drift phenomenon of displacement time histories caused by the direct integration of acceleration time history was eliminated.In addition,according to the principle of total potential energy with stationary value in elastic system dynamics and the "set in right position" rule for formulating system matrixes,and taking the track irregularities as system's self-excitation source with the seismic as external excitation,the coupling vibration equation of train-bridge system considering the seismic excitation was built up.Taking a steel truss girder as an example and using the computer simulation method to establish the dynamic model of train-bridge system,the effect of coupling vibration of train-bridge system on earthquake response was researched.The results show that the dynamic response of the bridge depends primarily on the size of the earthquake,the transverse seismic wave has important impact on the transverse dynamic response of vehicles and bridges,the vertical seismic wave has a major impact on the vertical vibration of the vehicle-bridge system but with little effect on the transverse vibration.However,the influence of the vertical seismic wave on the derailment coefficient,the load decrement rate of wheel mass and the vertical acceleration are so significant that the impact of vertical seismic wave in judging the safety of trains must be considered.
In order to study the effect of coupling vibration of train-bridge system on earthquake response,using the least squares method to correct and fit the seismic acceleration,the drift phenomenon of displacement time histories caused by the direct integration of acceleration time history was eliminated.In addition,according to the principle of total potential energy with stationary value in elastic system dynamics and the "set in right position" rule for formulating system matrixes,and taking the track irregularities as system's self-excitation source with the seismic as external excitation,the coupling vibration equation of train-bridge system considering the seismic excitation was built up.Taking a steel truss girder as an example and using the computer simulation method to establish the dynamic model of train-bridge system,the effect of coupling vibration of train-bridge system on earthquake response was researched.The results show that the dynamic response of the bridge depends primarily on the size of the earthquake,the transverse seismic wave has important impact on the transverse dynamic response of vehicles and bridges,the vertical seismic wave has a major impact on the vertical vibration of the vehicle-bridge system but with little effect on the transverse vibration.However,the influence of the vertical seismic wave on the derailment coefficient,the load decrement rate of wheel mass and the vertical acceleration are so significant that the impact of vertical seismic wave in judging the safety of trains must be considered.
引文
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[13]郑史雄,奚绍中.大跨度刚构桥的地震反应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,1997,32(6):586-591.ZHENG Shi-xiong,XI Shao-zhong.Seismic response analysis of long span rigid frame bridges[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1997,32(6):586-591.
[14]周雍年,章文波,于海英.数字强震仪记录的长周期误差分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2):1-9.ZHOU Yong-nian,ZHANG Wen-bo,YU Hai-ying.Analysis of long-period error for accelerograms recorded by digital seismographs[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,17(2):1-9.
[2]王贵春,潘家英.铁路桥梁在列车荷载作用下的动力分析[J].中国铁道科学,1996,17(4):80-89.WANG Gui-chun,PAN Jia-ying.The method of dynamic analysis for railway bridge under the action of vehicle[J].China Railway Science,1996,17(4):80-89.
[3]张楠,夏禾.铁路桥梁在高速列车作用下的动力响应分析[J].工程力学,2005,22(3):144-151.ZHANG Nan,XIA He.Dynamic analysis of railway bridge under high speed train[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(3):144-151.
[4]徐植信,胡再龙.结构地震反应分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:80-84.XU Zhi-xin,HU Zai-long.Analysis of structures under earthquake[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1993:80-84.
[5]向俊,杨军祥,赫丹,等.焦柳线酉水大桥上货物列车脱轨分析[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2006,37(1):169-175.XIANG Jun,YANG Jun-xiang,HE Dan,et al.Derailment analysis of freight train on Youshui Bridge on Jiaoliu line[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2006,37(1):169-175.
[6]夏禾.车辆与结构动力相互作用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:118-134.XIA He.Dynamic interaction between vehicles and structures[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002:118-134.
[7]Xia H,Xu Y L,Chan T H T.Dynamic interaction of long suspension bridges with running trains[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,237(2):263-280.
[8]李小珍,强士中.大跨度公铁两用斜拉桥车桥动力分析[J].振动与冲击,2003,22(1):6-9.LI Xiao-zhen,QIANG Shi-zhong.Vehicle-bridge dynamic analysis for long span rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridge[J].Vibration and Shock,2003,22(1):6-9.
[9]曾庆元,郭向荣.列车桥梁时变系统振动分析理论与应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999:35-150.ZENG Qing-yuan,GUO Xiang-rong.Theory and application of train-bridge time-variant system vibration analysis[M].Beijing:China Railway Press,1999:35-150.
[10]曾庆元,杨平.形成矩阵的“对号入座”法则与桁段有限元法[J].铁道学报,1986(2):48-59.ZENG Qing-yuan,YANG Ping.The“set-in-right-position”rule for formulating dynamic system matrix and the finite element method of truss section for spatial analysis of truss girder[J].Journal of the Chinese Railway Society,1986(2):48-59.
[11]郭向荣,曾庆元.高速铁路结合梁桥与列车系统振动分析模型[J].华中理工大学学报,2000,28(3):60-62.GUO Xiang-rong,ZENG Qing-yuan.Analytical model of the system vibration in high speed combination girder bridge and train[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2000,28(3):60-62.
[12]韩艳.地震作用下高速铁路桥梁的动力响应及行车安全性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2005:12-56.HAN Yan.Dynamic responses of high-speed railway bridges and running safety of vehicles during earthquakes[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.School of Civil Engineering,2005:12-56.
[13]郑史雄,奚绍中.大跨度刚构桥的地震反应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,1997,32(6):586-591.ZHENG Shi-xiong,XI Shao-zhong.Seismic response analysis of long span rigid frame bridges[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1997,32(6):586-591.
[14]周雍年,章文波,于海英.数字强震仪记录的长周期误差分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2):1-9.ZHOU Yong-nian,ZHANG Wen-bo,YU Hai-ying.Analysis of long-period error for accelerograms recorded by digital seismographs[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,17(2):1-9.
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