索-桥动态相互作用及行波效应对斜拉桥地震反应的影响
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摘要
主要研究斜拉桥地震响应中拉索与梁、塔动态相互作用和行波效应的影响,索-桥相互作用的影响是根据结构动力学中广义自由度的概念,把索的振型作为自由度来考虑,通过把索边界节点的位移和索局部振型位移叠加得到索的整体位移,行波效应是通过在不同支承点输入具有一定相位差的同一条地震动模拟。以一座斜拉桥为例进行了数值模拟和参数分析,结果表明考虑索-桥动态相互作用时,出现了很多频率密集分布的索桥耦合振动的振型,桥梁模态频率变化较小;在一致地震激励下考虑索-桥相互作用时,梁和塔地震响应有不同程度的增大,部分索的纵向位移增大,相应脉动索力也明显增大;行波效应引起梁某些截面处竖向位移和弯矩增大,塔的纵向位移和弯矩减小,索的位移和脉动索力减小。随着行波波速的减小,梁和塔纵向位移减小,梁竖向位移、梁和塔内力先增大后减小,呈周期性变化。
The dynamic cable interaction with the deck and towers as well as the travelling wave effect on the seismic responses of cable-stayed bridges is investigated in this paper.The influence of cable-deck interaction is incorporated based on the concept of generalized freedom,in which the modes of cable are treated as freedoms.The cable displacement is superposed by the boundary nodal displacement and the local modal displacement.The travelling wave effect is simulated by inputting the same earthquake wave with phase difference at every base support.Numerical simulation and parametric analysis are carried out in an example cable-stayed bridge.The results show that many densely distributed cable-deck couple modes appear when the cable-deck interaction is considered.The modal frequencies of the bridge change little.When the bridge is actuated by uniform excitation and cable-deck interaction is considered,the seismic responses of deck and tower,the longitudinal displacements of some cables and the corresponding dynamic cable tension increase.The travelling wave effect can induce the vertical displacements and the bending moments of girder to increase,the longitudinal displacements and the bending moment of tower to decrease,and the cable displacements and dynamic cable tensions to decrease.With the descending of wave velocity,the longitudinal displacements of girder and tower decrease,the girder vertical displacements decrease,the bending moments of girder and tower increase first and then decrease,which show periodic variation.
The dynamic cable interaction with the deck and towers as well as the travelling wave effect on the seismic responses of cable-stayed bridges is investigated in this paper.The influence of cable-deck interaction is incorporated based on the concept of generalized freedom,in which the modes of cable are treated as freedoms.The cable displacement is superposed by the boundary nodal displacement and the local modal displacement.The travelling wave effect is simulated by inputting the same earthquake wave with phase difference at every base support.Numerical simulation and parametric analysis are carried out in an example cable-stayed bridge.The results show that many densely distributed cable-deck couple modes appear when the cable-deck interaction is considered.The modal frequencies of the bridge change little.When the bridge is actuated by uniform excitation and cable-deck interaction is considered,the seismic responses of deck and tower,the longitudinal displacements of some cables and the corresponding dynamic cable tension increase.The travelling wave effect can induce the vertical displacements and the bending moments of girder to increase,the longitudinal displacements and the bending moment of tower to decrease,and the cable displacements and dynamic cable tensions to decrease.With the descending of wave velocity,the longitudinal displacements of girder and tower decrease,the girder vertical displacements decrease,the bending moments of girder and tower increase first and then decrease,which show periodic variation.
引文
[1]Fujiwara T,Tamakoshi T,Ueda T,et al.Characteristics of vibration of a complex multi-cable stayed bridge[J].Journal of Structural Engineer-ing,JSCE 1993(39A):831-839(in Japanese).
[2]日本本州四国联络桥公团第三建设局向岛工事事务所.多多罗大桥振动实验结果速报[R].1998年12月11日.
[3]谢旭.桥梁结构地震响应分析与抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
[4]布占宇,吕忠达,徐爱敏,等.考虑索局部振动的斜拉桥动力特性研究—杭州湾跨海大桥北航道桥动力特性分析[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2005,39(1):143-147.
[5]布占宇.斜拉桥地震响应分析中的索桥耦合振动和阻尼特性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[6]Abdel-Ghaffar AM,Khalifa MA.Importance of cable vibration in dynamics of cable-stayed bidges[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1991,117(11):2571-2589.
[7]Caetano E,Cunha A,Taylor C A.Investigation of dynamic cable-deck interaction in a physical model of a cable-stayed bridge.Part I:modalanalysis[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29:481-498.
[8]Caetano E,Cunha A,Taylor C A.Investigation of dynamic cable-deck interaction in a physical model of a cable-stayed bridge.Part II:seis-mic response[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29:499-521.
[9]Inoue K,Sugimoto H,Morishita K.et al.Study on additional mass to the cable-stayed bridge as a countermeasure against great earthquake[J].Journal of Structural Mechanics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,703(I-59):29-38.(in Japanese)
[10]Ali HM,Abdel-Ghaffar A M.Modeling the nonlinear seismic behavior of cable-stayed bridges with passive control bearings[J].Computers&Structures,1995,54(3):461-492.
[11]Wu Q,Takahashi K,Okabayashi T,et al.Response characteristics of local vibrations in stay cables on an existing cable-stayed bridge[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,261:403-420.
[12]叶爱君,苏振宇.超大跨径斜拉桥斜拉索局部振动对地震反应的影响[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(2):158-163.
[13]王波,张海龙,徐丰.考虑拉索局部振动的斜拉桥地震时程响应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(4):441-446.
[14]李晓渝,卢伟,蒋永林.考虑局部拉索振动的斜拉桥抖振响应分析[J].振动与冲击,2001,20(4):62-64.
[15]Leonhardt F.Latest developments of cable-stayed bridges for long span[J].Saertryk Bygningsstatiske Meddelelser,1974,45(4):89-143.
[16]Leonhardt F,Zellner W.Cable stayed bridges[R].IABS Surveys.S-13/80,1980.
[17]Godden W G,Aslam M.Dynamic model studies of Ruck-A-Chucky bridge[J].Journal of Structural Division,ASCE,1978,104:1827-1844.
[18]Godden W G.Seismic model studies of long span curved bridges[C]∥Proc.Work-Shop Earthquake Resist.Highway bridges,1970:411-422.
[19]林均岐,白春旭,陈永盛,等.多点激励下大跨度斜拉桥地震反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(6):154-161.
[20]何庆祥,沈祖炎.结构地震行波效应分析综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):50-57.
[21]项海帆.斜张桥在行波作用下的地震反应分析[J].同济大学学学报,1983,2:1-9.
[22]喻明秋,祝兵.基于多点激励动力模型的支承体系斜拉桥行波效应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2008,11:39-44.
[23]陈幼平,周宏业.斜拉桥地震反应的行波效应[J].土木工程学报,1996,29(6):61-68.
[24]Nagai M,Nii J,Kawabata O.Three dimensional dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridges including cable local vibration[C]∥Proc.4th East A-sia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering&Construction,Seoul,Korea,20-22 September,1993:1845-1850.
[25]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures(Second edition)[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,Inc.,1993.
[2]日本本州四国联络桥公团第三建设局向岛工事事务所.多多罗大桥振动实验结果速报[R].1998年12月11日.
[3]谢旭.桥梁结构地震响应分析与抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
[4]布占宇,吕忠达,徐爱敏,等.考虑索局部振动的斜拉桥动力特性研究—杭州湾跨海大桥北航道桥动力特性分析[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2005,39(1):143-147.
[5]布占宇.斜拉桥地震响应分析中的索桥耦合振动和阻尼特性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[6]Abdel-Ghaffar AM,Khalifa MA.Importance of cable vibration in dynamics of cable-stayed bidges[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1991,117(11):2571-2589.
[7]Caetano E,Cunha A,Taylor C A.Investigation of dynamic cable-deck interaction in a physical model of a cable-stayed bridge.Part I:modalanalysis[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29:481-498.
[8]Caetano E,Cunha A,Taylor C A.Investigation of dynamic cable-deck interaction in a physical model of a cable-stayed bridge.Part II:seis-mic response[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29:499-521.
[9]Inoue K,Sugimoto H,Morishita K.et al.Study on additional mass to the cable-stayed bridge as a countermeasure against great earthquake[J].Journal of Structural Mechanics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,703(I-59):29-38.(in Japanese)
[10]Ali HM,Abdel-Ghaffar A M.Modeling the nonlinear seismic behavior of cable-stayed bridges with passive control bearings[J].Computers&Structures,1995,54(3):461-492.
[11]Wu Q,Takahashi K,Okabayashi T,et al.Response characteristics of local vibrations in stay cables on an existing cable-stayed bridge[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,261:403-420.
[12]叶爱君,苏振宇.超大跨径斜拉桥斜拉索局部振动对地震反应的影响[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(2):158-163.
[13]王波,张海龙,徐丰.考虑拉索局部振动的斜拉桥地震时程响应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(4):441-446.
[14]李晓渝,卢伟,蒋永林.考虑局部拉索振动的斜拉桥抖振响应分析[J].振动与冲击,2001,20(4):62-64.
[15]Leonhardt F.Latest developments of cable-stayed bridges for long span[J].Saertryk Bygningsstatiske Meddelelser,1974,45(4):89-143.
[16]Leonhardt F,Zellner W.Cable stayed bridges[R].IABS Surveys.S-13/80,1980.
[17]Godden W G,Aslam M.Dynamic model studies of Ruck-A-Chucky bridge[J].Journal of Structural Division,ASCE,1978,104:1827-1844.
[18]Godden W G.Seismic model studies of long span curved bridges[C]∥Proc.Work-Shop Earthquake Resist.Highway bridges,1970:411-422.
[19]林均岐,白春旭,陈永盛,等.多点激励下大跨度斜拉桥地震反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(6):154-161.
[20]何庆祥,沈祖炎.结构地震行波效应分析综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):50-57.
[21]项海帆.斜张桥在行波作用下的地震反应分析[J].同济大学学学报,1983,2:1-9.
[22]喻明秋,祝兵.基于多点激励动力模型的支承体系斜拉桥行波效应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2008,11:39-44.
[23]陈幼平,周宏业.斜拉桥地震反应的行波效应[J].土木工程学报,1996,29(6):61-68.
[24]Nagai M,Nii J,Kawabata O.Three dimensional dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridges including cable local vibration[C]∥Proc.4th East A-sia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering&Construction,Seoul,Korea,20-22 September,1993:1845-1850.
[25]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures(Second edition)[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,Inc.,1993.
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