地震勘探中三维小尺度非均匀性随机介质模型的建立及其特点分析
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摘要
地震勘探中,地质体中小尺度非均匀性对地震波传播影响的研究一直是备受关注的,然而,对该问题进行研究时所涉及到的模型绝大多数局限在一维薄层状介质(周期式或随机式的)及二维随机介质范围。给出了一种灵活、实用的用于描述三维小尺度非均匀性的随机介质建模方法,为了压制建模过程中由于离散计算而产生的误差,首次给出一种三维锥形函数表达式,有效地将其应用于建模过程中,使得所建立的模型更具可信度。另外展示了3种典型的三维随机介质模型并分析了其特点,最后给出具有指导意义的结论。
In seismic prospecting,the study on the effect of small scale of inhomogeneities in the geologic body on seismic wave propagation has drawn much attention in resent years.However,models used for the studies were mainly 1D thin-stratum media(periodically layered or random media) and 2D random media.A flexible and useful modeling method,which was appropriate for describing 3D small scale of inhomogeneities was proposed.In order to suppress the error arising from discrete computation,a 3D tapering function was derived and it was effectively applied for modeling the process for the first time.Thus the model is more reliable.The 3 typical random medium models are displayed and their characters are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are provided.
In seismic prospecting,the study on the effect of small scale of inhomogeneities in the geologic body on seismic wave propagation has drawn much attention in resent years.However,models used for the studies were mainly 1D thin-stratum media(periodically layered or random media) and 2D random media.A flexible and useful modeling method,which was appropriate for describing 3D small scale of inhomogeneities was proposed.In order to suppress the error arising from discrete computation,a 3D tapering function was derived and it was effectively applied for modeling the process for the first time.Thus the model is more reliable.The 3 typical random medium models are displayed and their characters are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are provided.
引文
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[5]Melia P J,Carlson R L.An experimental test of P-wave anisotropy in stratified media[J].Geophysics,1984,49(4):374～378.
[6]Carcione J M,Kosloff D,Behle A.Long-wave anisotropy in stratified media:a numerical test[J].Geophysics,1991,56(2):245～254.
[7]Maarten V de Hoop,Burridge R,Chang H W.Wave propagation with tunneling in a highly discontinuous layered medium[J].Wave Motion,1991,13(4):307～329.
[8]Kerner C.Anisotropy in sedimentary rocks modeled as random media[J].Geophysics,1992,57(4):564～576.
[9]Marion D,Mukerji T,Mavko G.Scale effects on velocity dispersion:from ray to effective medium theories in stratified media[J].Geophysics,1994,59(10):1613～1619.
[10]Frankel A,Clayton R W.A finite-difference simulation of wave propagation in two-dimensional random media[J].Bull Seis SocAm,1984,74(6):2167～2186.
[11]Frankel A,Clayton R W.Finite-difference simulations of seismic scattering:implications for the propagation of short-period seismicwaves in the crust and models of crustal heterogeneity[J].J Geophys Res,1986,91(B6):6465～6489.
[12]Muller G,Roth M,Korn M.Seismic-wave traveltimes in random media[J].Geophys J Int,1992,110(1):29～41.
[13]Ikelle L T,Yung S K,Daube F.2-D random media with ellipsoidal autocorrelation functions[J].Geophysics,1993,58(9):1359～1372.
[14]奚先,姚姚.二维随机介质及波动方程正演模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):546～552.
[15]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型的模拟与混合型随机介质[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(1):57～67.
[16]奚先,姚姚.二维横向各向同性弹性随机介质中的波场特征[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):924～932.
[17]Marple S L.Digital spectral analysis with applications[D].New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1987.
[2]Backus G.Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal layering[J].J Geophys Res,1962,67(11):4427～4440.
[3]O'Doherty R F,Anstey N A.Reflections on amplitudes[J].Geophys Prosp,1971,19(3):430～458.
[4]Helbig K.Anisotropy and dispersion in periodically layered media[J].Geophysics,1984,49(4):364～373.
[5]Melia P J,Carlson R L.An experimental test of P-wave anisotropy in stratified media[J].Geophysics,1984,49(4):374～378.
[6]Carcione J M,Kosloff D,Behle A.Long-wave anisotropy in stratified media:a numerical test[J].Geophysics,1991,56(2):245～254.
[7]Maarten V de Hoop,Burridge R,Chang H W.Wave propagation with tunneling in a highly discontinuous layered medium[J].Wave Motion,1991,13(4):307～329.
[8]Kerner C.Anisotropy in sedimentary rocks modeled as random media[J].Geophysics,1992,57(4):564～576.
[9]Marion D,Mukerji T,Mavko G.Scale effects on velocity dispersion:from ray to effective medium theories in stratified media[J].Geophysics,1994,59(10):1613～1619.
[10]Frankel A,Clayton R W.A finite-difference simulation of wave propagation in two-dimensional random media[J].Bull Seis SocAm,1984,74(6):2167～2186.
[11]Frankel A,Clayton R W.Finite-difference simulations of seismic scattering:implications for the propagation of short-period seismicwaves in the crust and models of crustal heterogeneity[J].J Geophys Res,1986,91(B6):6465～6489.
[12]Muller G,Roth M,Korn M.Seismic-wave traveltimes in random media[J].Geophys J Int,1992,110(1):29～41.
[13]Ikelle L T,Yung S K,Daube F.2-D random media with ellipsoidal autocorrelation functions[J].Geophysics,1993,58(9):1359～1372.
[14]奚先,姚姚.二维随机介质及波动方程正演模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):546～552.
[15]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型的模拟与混合型随机介质[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(1):57～67.
[16]奚先,姚姚.二维横向各向同性弹性随机介质中的波场特征[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):924～932.
[17]Marple S L.Digital spectral analysis with applications[D].New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1987.
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