隧道反射地震超前探测偏移成像
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摘要
在隧道、井巷反射地震超前探测(TRSP)观测系统的基础上,依据几何地震学原理,重点研究了隧道情况下,地震波的时距曲线关系,借助绕射叠加原理,实现了直接从时间域到空间域的深度偏移成像,分析了成像运算量的影响因素,并对速度分析和深度偏移成像计算分别采用不同精度的剖分网格,同时引入插值技术,通过模型和实际资料处理验证,在不影响成像精度的情况下,可大量节省运算时间,成像效果良好.
Based on TRSP geometry system and according to the theory of geometric seismology,studied mainly on the time travel curve under the condition of tunnel.With the diffraction stacking technique,realized the depth migration imaging from time domain to space domain,analyzed the affecting factors of the imaging calculation,and adopted different accuracy division technique and interpolation technique for velocity analysis and depth migration imaging.According to the tests of the synthetic model and real data,it costs shorter calculation time with keeping the same precision,and obtains good effect.
Based on TRSP geometry system and according to the theory of geometric seismology,studied mainly on the time travel curve under the condition of tunnel.With the diffraction stacking technique,realized the depth migration imaging from time domain to space domain,analyzed the affecting factors of the imaging calculation,and adopted different accuracy division technique and interpolation technique for velocity analysis and depth migration imaging.According to the tests of the synthetic model and real data,it costs shorter calculation time with keeping the same precision,and obtains good effect.
引文
[1]沈鸿雁.反射波法隧道、井巷地震超前预报研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.Shen Hongyan.Study on reflected-wave tunnel and well-lane prediction ahead[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2006.
[2]曾兆璜.隧道地震反射法超前预报[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):268-271.Zeng Zhaohuang.Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismic reelection methods[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1994,37(2):268-271.
[3]何振起,李海,梁彦忠,等.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,68(4):81-85.He Zhenqi,Li Hai,Liang Yanzhong,et al.Geological super-leading forecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seismic re-sponse analysis method[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2000,68(4):81-85.
[4]白恒恒,辛民高.浅谈长梁山隧道F5断层的地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,68(1):87-90.Bai Hengheng,Xin Mingao.Preliminary talking about geologic advance forecast on F5 fault in Changliangshan tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2000,68(1):87-90.
[5]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.Operation manual[M].Kunming:Kunming Shape Regale Science and Technology Ltd.,2003.
[6]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.Software manual[M].Kunming:Kunming Shape Regale Science and Technology Ltd.,2003.
[7]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1 399-1 402.Liu Zhigang,Liu Xiufeng.TSP application and development in tunnel lead forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2003,22(8):1 399-1 402.
[8]Yuzuru A,Toshifumi M,Toshiki W,et al.Seismic imaging ahead of tunnel face with three component geophones[A].Ex-panded abstract of the 72nd SEG annual meeting[C].Salt Lake City,2002.
[9]常旭,刘伊克,桂志先.反射地震零偏移距逆时偏移方法用于隧道超前预报[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 482-1 488.Chang Xu,Liu Yike,Gui Zhixian.Zero-offset reverse time migration for prediction ahead of tunnel face[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 482-1 488.
[10]沈鸿雁,李庆春,冯宏,等.反射波法隧道、井巷地震超前探测中波场分离与成像技术研究[A].中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2006:672-673.Shen Hongyan,Li Qingchun,Feng Hong,et al.Study on filter and imagination for reflected-wave tunnel and well-lane seis-mic prediction ahead[A].Proceedings of the 22th annual meeting of the Chinese Geophysical Society[C].Chengdu:Si-chuan Publishing House of Science&Technology,2006:672-673.
[11]沈鸿雁,冯宏,李庆春,等.井巷掘进超前地震探测资料处理方法技术系统研制与开发[A].地下工程中的地球物理探测技术研究[C].西安:西安地图出版社,2005:127-134.Shen Hongyan,Feng Hong,Li Qingchun,et al.Develop the technique and progressing system of well-lane seismic predica-tion ahead[A].Study on geophysical exploration technique underground excavation[C].Xi’an:Xi’an Map Press,2005:127-134.
[12]Paul A.Hydrophone VSP imaging as a shallow sit[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):842.
[13]Richard O,Edward B,Helfried B,et al.The application of TRT-True reflection tomography at the unterwald tunnel[J].Geophysics,2002(2):51-56.
[14]Gerd S,Bernbbard S,Felix A,et al.Predicting ahead of the face[J].Tunnels&Tunnelling,1996(4):24-30.
[15]Borm G,Giese R.Integrated seismic imaging system for geological prediction ahead in underground construction[A].Pro-ceedings-Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference[C].San Diego,2001:263-271.
[16]朱光明.垂直地震剖面方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.Zhu Guangming.Vertical seismic profiling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1988.
[17]王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Wang Qinghai,Xu Mingcai.High-resolution anti-interference seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1991.
[2]曾兆璜.隧道地震反射法超前预报[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):268-271.Zeng Zhaohuang.Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismic reelection methods[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1994,37(2):268-271.
[3]何振起,李海,梁彦忠,等.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,68(4):81-85.He Zhenqi,Li Hai,Liang Yanzhong,et al.Geological super-leading forecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seismic re-sponse analysis method[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2000,68(4):81-85.
[4]白恒恒,辛民高.浅谈长梁山隧道F5断层的地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,68(1):87-90.Bai Hengheng,Xin Mingao.Preliminary talking about geologic advance forecast on F5 fault in Changliangshan tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2000,68(1):87-90.
[5]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.Operation manual[M].Kunming:Kunming Shape Regale Science and Technology Ltd.,2003.
[6]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.Software manual[M].Kunming:Kunming Shape Regale Science and Technology Ltd.,2003.
[7]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1 399-1 402.Liu Zhigang,Liu Xiufeng.TSP application and development in tunnel lead forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2003,22(8):1 399-1 402.
[8]Yuzuru A,Toshifumi M,Toshiki W,et al.Seismic imaging ahead of tunnel face with three component geophones[A].Ex-panded abstract of the 72nd SEG annual meeting[C].Salt Lake City,2002.
[9]常旭,刘伊克,桂志先.反射地震零偏移距逆时偏移方法用于隧道超前预报[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 482-1 488.Chang Xu,Liu Yike,Gui Zhixian.Zero-offset reverse time migration for prediction ahead of tunnel face[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 482-1 488.
[10]沈鸿雁,李庆春,冯宏,等.反射波法隧道、井巷地震超前探测中波场分离与成像技术研究[A].中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2006:672-673.Shen Hongyan,Li Qingchun,Feng Hong,et al.Study on filter and imagination for reflected-wave tunnel and well-lane seis-mic prediction ahead[A].Proceedings of the 22th annual meeting of the Chinese Geophysical Society[C].Chengdu:Si-chuan Publishing House of Science&Technology,2006:672-673.
[11]沈鸿雁,冯宏,李庆春,等.井巷掘进超前地震探测资料处理方法技术系统研制与开发[A].地下工程中的地球物理探测技术研究[C].西安:西安地图出版社,2005:127-134.Shen Hongyan,Feng Hong,Li Qingchun,et al.Develop the technique and progressing system of well-lane seismic predica-tion ahead[A].Study on geophysical exploration technique underground excavation[C].Xi’an:Xi’an Map Press,2005:127-134.
[12]Paul A.Hydrophone VSP imaging as a shallow sit[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):842.
[13]Richard O,Edward B,Helfried B,et al.The application of TRT-True reflection tomography at the unterwald tunnel[J].Geophysics,2002(2):51-56.
[14]Gerd S,Bernbbard S,Felix A,et al.Predicting ahead of the face[J].Tunnels&Tunnelling,1996(4):24-30.
[15]Borm G,Giese R.Integrated seismic imaging system for geological prediction ahead in underground construction[A].Pro-ceedings-Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference[C].San Diego,2001:263-271.
[16]朱光明.垂直地震剖面方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.Zhu Guangming.Vertical seismic profiling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1988.
[17]王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Wang Qinghai,Xu Mingcai.High-resolution anti-interference seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1991.
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