大跨桥梁非一致地震动输入的研究进展
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摘要
对大跨桥梁抗震分析中地震动输入研究的一个专门问题,即非一致输入的研究进展作了系统的整理、归纳,讨论了基于密集台阵观测的地震动空间相关性建模方法和合成地震动场的相关性检验两个主要问题,指出几百米尺度上的地震动相关性是由各点的地震动来源于同一个震源和十分相近的传播途径、场地条件决定的,综合考虑震源、传播途径和场地条件合成地震动场,便于揭示、表达出地震动场的物理本质,包括相关性,高频段地震动的随机性也应该与震源模型的某些随机性和局部场地条件有关。
A specific issue in seismic analysis of large span bridge,i.e.study on non-consistent ground motion input was reviewed in this paper.The building of spatial model for ground motion field based on observation of motions in dense arrays and coherence validation of the synthesized ground motion field were dealt with respectively.Points are emphasized that spatial correlation between motions with hundreds meter distance to each other comes from one same source and very similar path and site condition.A comprehensive approach taking source,path and site condition all into account to synthesize the motion field is convenient to reveal and express the physical nature of the motion field,including the correlation,and the randomness of high frequency motion should be also related with some randomness in source model and site condition.
A specific issue in seismic analysis of large span bridge,i.e.study on non-consistent ground motion input was reviewed in this paper.The building of spatial model for ground motion field based on observation of motions in dense arrays and coherence validation of the synthesized ground motion field were dealt with respectively.Points are emphasized that spatial correlation between motions with hundreds meter distance to each other comes from one same source and very similar path and site condition.A comprehensive approach taking source,path and site condition all into account to synthesize the motion field is convenient to reveal and express the physical nature of the motion field,including the correlation,and the randomness of high frequency motion should be also related with some randomness in source model and site condition.
引文
[1]Hao H,Oliveira C S,and Penzien J.Multiples-station ground motion processing and simulation based on Smart-1 array data[J].Nuclear Engi-neering and Design,1989,111(3):293-310
[2]Kawakami H and Sharma S.Stochastic study of spatial variation of response spectrum using free field records of dense strong motion arrays[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structral Dynamics,1999,28:1273-1294
[3]Loh C H.Analysis of the spatial variation of seismic waves and ground movements from Smart-1array data[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural dynamics,1985,13:561-581
[4]Zerva A.Spatial variation of seismic ground motions:An overview[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2002,55(3):271-296
[5]Der Kiureghian A,Neuenbofer A.Response spectrum method for multi-support seismic excitations[J].Earthquake Eng.and Structure Dyn.l992,21:713-740
[6]Zavoni E H,E H Vanmarcke,Seismic random vibration analysis of multi-supported structural Systems[J].ASCE J.of Engineering Mechanics.1994,120:1107-1128
[7]项海帆.斜拉桥在行波作用下的地震反应[J].同济大学学报,1983(2):1-9Xiang Haifan.Seismic response of cable stayed bridge under travel wave action.Journal of Tongji University(in Chinese),1983(2):1-9
[8]袁万城.大跨桥梁空间非线性地震反应分析[D].博士学位论文,同济大学,1990Yuan Wancheng.Spatial nonlinear seismic response analysis of long span bridges.Dissertation for Doctor Degree,Tongji University(in Chinese),1990
[9]王前信,伍国周,李云林.拱式结构对地震多点输入的反应[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(2):48-81Wang Qianxin,Wu Guozhou,Li Yunlin.Response of arch-typed structures to multi-support excitations[J].Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration(in Chinese),1984,4(2):48-81
[10]范立础,王君杰,陈纬.非一致地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥的响应特征[J].计算力学学报,2001,18(3):358-363Fan Lichu,Wang Junjie,Chen Wei.Response characteristics of long-span cable-stayed bridges under non-uniform seismic action[J].Chi-nese Journal of Computational Mechanics(in Chinese),2001,18(3):358-363
[11]潘旦光,楼梦麟,范立础.多点输入下大跨度结构地震反应分析研究现状[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(10):1213-1219Pan Guangdan,Lou Menglin,Fan Lichu.Status of Seismic Response Analysis of Long-span Structures under Multiple Support Excitations[J].Journal of Tongji University(in Chinese),2001,29(10):1213-1219
[12]钟菊芳.重大工程场地地震动输入参数研究[D].河海大学博士论文,2006Zhong Jufang.Study on seismic input parameters for important project site[D].Dissertation for Doctor Degree,Hehai University(in Chinese),
[13]全伟.大跨桥梁多维多点地震反应分析研究[D].大连理工大学博士论文,2008Quan Wei.Studies on seismic analysis of large span bridges subjected to multi-component and multi-support earthquake exeitations[D].Dis-sertation for Doctor Degree,Dalian University of Technology(in Chinese),2008
[14]Eurocode8:Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part2:Bridges,EN1998-2:2005(E)[S],European committee for standardiza-tion.2005
[15]JTG/T B02-01-2008.公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008JTG/T B02-01-2008.Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges[S](in Chinese).Beijing:People's Communication Press,2008
[16]林家浩,张亚辉,赵岩.大跨度结构抗震分析方法及近期进展[J].力学进展,2001,31(3):350-359Lin Jiahao,Zhang Yahui,Zhao Yan.Seismic analysis methods of long-span structures and recent advances[J]?Advances in Mechanics,2001,31(3):350-359
[17]Zerva A and Zhang O.Correlation patterns in characteristics of spatially variable seismic ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Struc-tral Dynamics,1997,26:19-39
[18]Zerva A and Beck J L.Identification of parametric ground motion random fields from spatially recorded seismic data[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Structral Dynamics,2003,32:771–791
[19]李小军,赵凤新,胡聿贤.空间相关地震动场模拟的研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):212-215Study on simulation of spatial related seismic ground motion field[J].ACTA Seismological Sinica,1997,19(2):212-215
[20]Irikura K,Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical Green's function[C].7th Japan Earthq.Eng.,1986,8:37-42
[21]Somerville P,Seismic hazard evaluation[C].12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland:IAEE,2833,2000
[22]金星、廖振鹏.地震动随机场的物理模拟[J].地震工程与工程振动,1994,14(3):1-19Jin Xing,Liao Zhengpeng.Physical simulation on the random field of seismic motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(inChinese),1994,14(3):1-19
[23]陶夏新、李小军.工程地震基本科学问题[M],学科发展战略研究报告,国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部,北京:科学出版社,建筑、环境与土木工程II(土木工程卷):367-381.2006Tao Xiaxin and Li Xiaojun.Basic academic issues in engineering seismology[M].Strategic research report on academic development,Depart-ment of engineering and materials,National natural science foundation of China,Beijing:Academic Press,Architecture,environment and civilengineering II(Volume of civil engineering):367-381.2006
[24]Novak M and Hindy A.Seismic response of buried pipelines[C].3rd Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Montreal Canada.1979
[25]冯启民,胡聿贤.空间相关地面运动的数学模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,1(2):1-8Feng Qimin,Hu yuxian.Mathematic model of spatial correlative ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(in Chi-nese),1981,1(2):1-8
[26]Hariehandran R S,Vanmarcke E H.Stochastic variation of earthquake ground motion in space and time[J].ASCE Journal of Engineering Me-chanics,1986,112(2):154-175
[27]Loh C H,Lin S G.Directionality and simulation in spatial variation of seismic waves[J].Engineering Structures,1990,12:1-27
[28]Oliveira C S,Hao H,and Penzien.Ground motion modeling for multiple-input structural analysis[J].Struct.Safety,1991,10:79–93
[29]Luco J E and Wong H L.Response of a rigid foundation to a spatially random ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structral Dynam-ics,1986,14:891-908.
[30]Somerville P G,Mclaren J P,Sen M K,et al.The influence of site condition on the spatial incoherence of ground motions.Structural Safety,1991,10:1-14.
[31]Der Kiureghian A,A cohereney model for spatially varying ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structral Dynamics,1996,25(1):99-111
[32]Yang Q S,Chen Y J.A practical coherency model for spatially varying ground motions[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,2000,9(2):141-152
[33]丁海平,刘启方,金星等.基岩地震动的一个相干函数模型一倾滑断层情形[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(2):8-1Ding Haipin,Liu Qifang,Jin Xing et al.A coherency model of ground motion on base-rock corresponding to dip-slip fault[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration(in Chinese),2003,23(2):8-1
[34]屈铁军,王前信.空间相关的多点地震动合成(I)—基本公式[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(2):8-15Qu Tiejun,Wang Qianxin.Simulation of spatial correlative time histories of multi point ground motion,Part I:Fundamental formaulas[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(in Chinese),1998,18(2):8-15
[35]TAO Xiaxin and WANG Haiyun.A random source model for near filed strong ground motion prediction[C].13WCEE,Vancouver.Paper No.1945.2004
[36]TAO Xiaxin,ZHOU Zhenghua,ZHOU Yongnia and Wang Haiyun.Observation and prediction of strong ground motion in China[C].NATOworkshop,Kusadasi,Turkey.2004
[37]WANG Haiyun and TAO Xiaxin.Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters:theoretical and semi-empirical relations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,2(2):201-211
[38]王海云,陶夏新.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的Asperity模型特征[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(11):1533-1539Wang Haiyun,Tao Xiaxin.Characterizing a shallow earthquake asperity model for predicting near field strong ground motion[J].Journal of Har-bin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),2005,37(11):1533-1539
[39]张冬丽,陶夏新,周正华.近场强地震动数值模拟的简化计算方法[J].地震地质.2006,28(4):612-622Zhang Dongli,Tao Xiaxin,Zhou Zhenghua.Simplified method for numerical simulation of near field strong ground motion[J].Seismology andGeology(in Chinese).2006,28(4):612-622
[40]TAO Xiaxin,SUN Xiaodan,WANG Guoxin.An dynamic corner frequency based source spectral model[C].14th World Conference on Earth-quake Engineering,Beijing.2008
[41]Tao Xiaxin,Sun Xiaodan,Liu Haiming and Li Ping.Some issues on forecast of strong ground motion field[C].7th International Conference onEarthquake Resistant Engineering Structures,Cyprus,2009
[42]刘海明,陶夏新,孙晓丹,刘陶钧.马衔山北缘断裂西段近场地震动场的震源模型[J].世界地震工程,2010,(3):60-66Liu Haiming,Tao Xiaxin,Sun Xiaodan,Liu Taojun.A source model for strong ground motion field estimation on the western zone of MaxianshanBeiyuan fault[J].Journal of World Earthquake Engineering(in Chinese),2010,(3):60-66
[43]Sun Xiaodan,Tao Xiaxin,Chen Fu.Improvements of corner frequency and scaling factor for stochastic finite-fault modeling[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,9(4):503-511
[44]陆建波.模拟的近断裂地震动场的空间相关性[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士论文,2008Lu Jianbo.Spatial correlation of synthesized seismic ground motion field near to fault[D].Dissertation for Master Degree,Institute of Engineer-ing Mechanics,CEA(in Chinese),2008
[45]陶夏新,刘海明,路建波,孙晓丹,王海云.合成地震动场的相干性检验[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(增刊2):71-73.Tao Xiaxin,Liu Haiming,Lu Jianbo,Sun Xiaodan,Wang Haiyun.Validation of coherency of synthesized strong ground motion field[J].Jour-nal of Civil Architectural&Environmental Engineeing(in Chinese),2010,32(Supl.2):71-73
[2]Kawakami H and Sharma S.Stochastic study of spatial variation of response spectrum using free field records of dense strong motion arrays[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structral Dynamics,1999,28:1273-1294
[3]Loh C H.Analysis of the spatial variation of seismic waves and ground movements from Smart-1array data[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural dynamics,1985,13:561-581
[4]Zerva A.Spatial variation of seismic ground motions:An overview[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2002,55(3):271-296
[5]Der Kiureghian A,Neuenbofer A.Response spectrum method for multi-support seismic excitations[J].Earthquake Eng.and Structure Dyn.l992,21:713-740
[6]Zavoni E H,E H Vanmarcke,Seismic random vibration analysis of multi-supported structural Systems[J].ASCE J.of Engineering Mechanics.1994,120:1107-1128
[7]项海帆.斜拉桥在行波作用下的地震反应[J].同济大学学报,1983(2):1-9Xiang Haifan.Seismic response of cable stayed bridge under travel wave action.Journal of Tongji University(in Chinese),1983(2):1-9
[8]袁万城.大跨桥梁空间非线性地震反应分析[D].博士学位论文,同济大学,1990Yuan Wancheng.Spatial nonlinear seismic response analysis of long span bridges.Dissertation for Doctor Degree,Tongji University(in Chinese),1990
[9]王前信,伍国周,李云林.拱式结构对地震多点输入的反应[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(2):48-81Wang Qianxin,Wu Guozhou,Li Yunlin.Response of arch-typed structures to multi-support excitations[J].Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration(in Chinese),1984,4(2):48-81
[10]范立础,王君杰,陈纬.非一致地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥的响应特征[J].计算力学学报,2001,18(3):358-363Fan Lichu,Wang Junjie,Chen Wei.Response characteristics of long-span cable-stayed bridges under non-uniform seismic action[J].Chi-nese Journal of Computational Mechanics(in Chinese),2001,18(3):358-363
[11]潘旦光,楼梦麟,范立础.多点输入下大跨度结构地震反应分析研究现状[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(10):1213-1219Pan Guangdan,Lou Menglin,Fan Lichu.Status of Seismic Response Analysis of Long-span Structures under Multiple Support Excitations[J].Journal of Tongji University(in Chinese),2001,29(10):1213-1219
[12]钟菊芳.重大工程场地地震动输入参数研究[D].河海大学博士论文,2006Zhong Jufang.Study on seismic input parameters for important project site[D].Dissertation for Doctor Degree,Hehai University(in Chinese),
[13]全伟.大跨桥梁多维多点地震反应分析研究[D].大连理工大学博士论文,2008Quan Wei.Studies on seismic analysis of large span bridges subjected to multi-component and multi-support earthquake exeitations[D].Dis-sertation for Doctor Degree,Dalian University of Technology(in Chinese),2008
[14]Eurocode8:Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part2:Bridges,EN1998-2:2005(E)[S],European committee for standardiza-tion.2005
[15]JTG/T B02-01-2008.公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008JTG/T B02-01-2008.Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges[S](in Chinese).Beijing:People's Communication Press,2008
[16]林家浩,张亚辉,赵岩.大跨度结构抗震分析方法及近期进展[J].力学进展,2001,31(3):350-359Lin Jiahao,Zhang Yahui,Zhao Yan.Seismic analysis methods of long-span structures and recent advances[J]?Advances in Mechanics,2001,31(3):350-359
[17]Zerva A and Zhang O.Correlation patterns in characteristics of spatially variable seismic ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Struc-tral Dynamics,1997,26:19-39
[18]Zerva A and Beck J L.Identification of parametric ground motion random fields from spatially recorded seismic data[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Structral Dynamics,2003,32:771–791
[19]李小军,赵凤新,胡聿贤.空间相关地震动场模拟的研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):212-215Study on simulation of spatial related seismic ground motion field[J].ACTA Seismological Sinica,1997,19(2):212-215
[20]Irikura K,Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical Green's function[C].7th Japan Earthq.Eng.,1986,8:37-42
[21]Somerville P,Seismic hazard evaluation[C].12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland:IAEE,2833,2000
[22]金星、廖振鹏.地震动随机场的物理模拟[J].地震工程与工程振动,1994,14(3):1-19Jin Xing,Liao Zhengpeng.Physical simulation on the random field of seismic motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(inChinese),1994,14(3):1-19
[23]陶夏新、李小军.工程地震基本科学问题[M],学科发展战略研究报告,国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部,北京:科学出版社,建筑、环境与土木工程II(土木工程卷):367-381.2006Tao Xiaxin and Li Xiaojun.Basic academic issues in engineering seismology[M].Strategic research report on academic development,Depart-ment of engineering and materials,National natural science foundation of China,Beijing:Academic Press,Architecture,environment and civilengineering II(Volume of civil engineering):367-381.2006
[24]Novak M and Hindy A.Seismic response of buried pipelines[C].3rd Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Montreal Canada.1979
[25]冯启民,胡聿贤.空间相关地面运动的数学模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,1(2):1-8Feng Qimin,Hu yuxian.Mathematic model of spatial correlative ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(in Chi-nese),1981,1(2):1-8
[26]Hariehandran R S,Vanmarcke E H.Stochastic variation of earthquake ground motion in space and time[J].ASCE Journal of Engineering Me-chanics,1986,112(2):154-175
[27]Loh C H,Lin S G.Directionality and simulation in spatial variation of seismic waves[J].Engineering Structures,1990,12:1-27
[28]Oliveira C S,Hao H,and Penzien.Ground motion modeling for multiple-input structural analysis[J].Struct.Safety,1991,10:79–93
[29]Luco J E and Wong H L.Response of a rigid foundation to a spatially random ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structral Dynam-ics,1986,14:891-908.
[30]Somerville P G,Mclaren J P,Sen M K,et al.The influence of site condition on the spatial incoherence of ground motions.Structural Safety,1991,10:1-14.
[31]Der Kiureghian A,A cohereney model for spatially varying ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structral Dynamics,1996,25(1):99-111
[32]Yang Q S,Chen Y J.A practical coherency model for spatially varying ground motions[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,2000,9(2):141-152
[33]丁海平,刘启方,金星等.基岩地震动的一个相干函数模型一倾滑断层情形[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(2):8-1Ding Haipin,Liu Qifang,Jin Xing et al.A coherency model of ground motion on base-rock corresponding to dip-slip fault[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration(in Chinese),2003,23(2):8-1
[34]屈铁军,王前信.空间相关的多点地震动合成(I)—基本公式[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(2):8-15Qu Tiejun,Wang Qianxin.Simulation of spatial correlative time histories of multi point ground motion,Part I:Fundamental formaulas[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(in Chinese),1998,18(2):8-15
[35]TAO Xiaxin and WANG Haiyun.A random source model for near filed strong ground motion prediction[C].13WCEE,Vancouver.Paper No.1945.2004
[36]TAO Xiaxin,ZHOU Zhenghua,ZHOU Yongnia and Wang Haiyun.Observation and prediction of strong ground motion in China[C].NATOworkshop,Kusadasi,Turkey.2004
[37]WANG Haiyun and TAO Xiaxin.Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters:theoretical and semi-empirical relations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,2(2):201-211
[38]王海云,陶夏新.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的Asperity模型特征[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(11):1533-1539Wang Haiyun,Tao Xiaxin.Characterizing a shallow earthquake asperity model for predicting near field strong ground motion[J].Journal of Har-bin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),2005,37(11):1533-1539
[39]张冬丽,陶夏新,周正华.近场强地震动数值模拟的简化计算方法[J].地震地质.2006,28(4):612-622Zhang Dongli,Tao Xiaxin,Zhou Zhenghua.Simplified method for numerical simulation of near field strong ground motion[J].Seismology andGeology(in Chinese).2006,28(4):612-622
[40]TAO Xiaxin,SUN Xiaodan,WANG Guoxin.An dynamic corner frequency based source spectral model[C].14th World Conference on Earth-quake Engineering,Beijing.2008
[41]Tao Xiaxin,Sun Xiaodan,Liu Haiming and Li Ping.Some issues on forecast of strong ground motion field[C].7th International Conference onEarthquake Resistant Engineering Structures,Cyprus,2009
[42]刘海明,陶夏新,孙晓丹,刘陶钧.马衔山北缘断裂西段近场地震动场的震源模型[J].世界地震工程,2010,(3):60-66Liu Haiming,Tao Xiaxin,Sun Xiaodan,Liu Taojun.A source model for strong ground motion field estimation on the western zone of MaxianshanBeiyuan fault[J].Journal of World Earthquake Engineering(in Chinese),2010,(3):60-66
[43]Sun Xiaodan,Tao Xiaxin,Chen Fu.Improvements of corner frequency and scaling factor for stochastic finite-fault modeling[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,9(4):503-511
[44]陆建波.模拟的近断裂地震动场的空间相关性[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士论文,2008Lu Jianbo.Spatial correlation of synthesized seismic ground motion field near to fault[D].Dissertation for Master Degree,Institute of Engineer-ing Mechanics,CEA(in Chinese),2008
[45]陶夏新,刘海明,路建波,孙晓丹,王海云.合成地震动场的相干性检验[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(增刊2):71-73.Tao Xiaxin,Liu Haiming,Lu Jianbo,Sun Xiaodan,Wang Haiyun.Validation of coherency of synthesized strong ground motion field[J].Jour-nal of Civil Architectural&Environmental Engineeing(in Chinese),2010,32(Supl.2):71-73
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