地震环境下铁路轮轨动态安全性能及脱轨研究进展
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摘要
针对地震环境下铁路轮轨动态安全性及列车脱轨问题,本文详细地评述了近些年来国内外的研究进展情况。首先分析了地震作用下轮轨相互作用模型,包括密贴轮轨接触模型、简化轮轨弹性接触模型、轮轨弹性接触模型;然后分别评述了地震激励模型及输入方法的研究进展;接着分析了地震作用下列车脱轨判断准则、铁路地震预警系统及防脱轨措施的研究进展;接下来分析了车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论在地震作用下列车脱轨研究中的应用前景,并结合笔者目前现有工作,对车辆高速跳轨脱轨时的轮轨动态接触几何状态及其边界条件进行了初步的探讨;最后,建议了地震环境下列车运行安全性及脱轨机理等方面的今后研究重点。
Some recent advances in study on wheel/rail dynamic safety and train derailment of railway during an earthquake are reviewed in this paper.Firstly,the interaction models between wheel and rail are discussed,including the closed contact model between wheel and rail,the simplified elastic contact model,and the elastic contact model.The description and the input method of the earthquake are then reviewed.Under the action of the earthquake,the criteria of derailment of the train,the early warning systems and the anti-derailment measures are also discussed.In addition,in the research of the derailment during an earthquake,the applications of the theory of the wheel-rail coupled dynamics are analyzed,and the geometrical parameters of dynamic contact and their boundary conditions are discussed when a vehicle derails at high speed.Lastly,the promising future development in this area is discussed.
Some recent advances in study on wheel/rail dynamic safety and train derailment of railway during an earthquake are reviewed in this paper.Firstly,the interaction models between wheel and rail are discussed,including the closed contact model between wheel and rail,the simplified elastic contact model,and the elastic contact model.The description and the input method of the earthquake are then reviewed.Under the action of the earthquake,the criteria of derailment of the train,the early warning systems and the anti-derailment measures are also discussed.In addition,in the research of the derailment during an earthquake,the applications of the theory of the wheel-rail coupled dynamics are analyzed,and the geometrical parameters of dynamic contact and their boundary conditions are discussed when a vehicle derails at high speed.Lastly,the promising future development in this area is discussed.
引文
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[9]Yang Y B,Wu Y S.Dynamic stability of trains moving over bridges shaken by earthquakes[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002,258(1):65-94.
[10]Fryba L,Yau J D.Suspended bridges subjected to moving loads and support motions due to earthquake[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,319(1-2):218-227.
[11]李忠献,黄健,张媛,等.地震作用对轻轨铁路车桥系统耦合振动的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):183-188.LI Zhongxian,HUANG Jian,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Influence of seismic excitation on coupled vibration of train-bridge system in light railway[J].Journalof Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(6):183-188.(in Chinese)
[12]董永财,杨长春.在地震力作用下高架桥梁上轨道车辆的动态分析与安全性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(5):153-159.DONG Yongcai,YANG Changchun.Safety study on wheel/rail dynamic interaction of viaduct railway-vehicle subjected to earthquake loading[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(5):153-159.(in Chinese)
[13]罗晓媛.地震作用下矮塔斜拉桥的车桥耦合振动研究[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,2009.LUO Xiaoyuan.Study on dynamic response of the vehicle-low tower cable bridge during earthquake[D].Master Degree Dissertation,Changsha:Central South University,2009.(in Chinese)
[14]王大力.地震作用下高速铁路车桥动力响应分析[D].硕士学位论文.北京:北京交通大学,2007.WANG Dali.Dynamic analysis of coupled train and high-speed railway bridge under the action of earthquake[D].Master Degree Dissertation.Be-jing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007.(in Chinese)
[15]张志勇.地震作用下高速铁路连续钢桁桥梁的车桥耦合振动研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.ZHANG Zhiyong.Study on dynamic response of the vehicle-continuous steel truss bridge of high-speed railway during earthquake[D].Master De-gree Dissertation,Changsha:Central South University,2008.(in Chinese)
[16]Miyamoto T,Ishida H,Matsuo M.The dynamic behavior of railway vehicle during earthquake[C].Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechani-cal Engineers,1998,64(626):236-243.
[17]Miyamoto T,Sogabe M,Shimomur T,et al.Real-size experiment and numerical simulation on dynamic behavior of railway vehicle against trackvibration[J].Quarter Reporter of RTRI,2003,17(9):39-44.
[18]Miyamoto T,Matsumoto N,Sogabe M,et al.Railway vehicle dynamic behavior against large-amplitude track vibration-a full-scale experimentaland numerical simulation[J].Quarter Reporter of RTRI,2004,45(3):111-115.
[19]Miyamoto T,Ishida H.Numerical analysis focusing on the running safety of an improved bogie during seismic vibration[J].Quarter Reporter ofRTRI,2008,49(3):173-177.
[20]Matsumoto N,Sogabe M,Wakui H,et al.Running safety analysis of vehicles on structures subjected to earthquake motion[J].Quarter Reporterof RTRI,2004,45(3):116-122.
[21]Nishimura K,Terumichi Y,Morimura T,et al.Development of vehicle dynamics simulation for safety analyses of rail vehicles on excited tracks[J].Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics,2009,4:011001-1-9.
[22]Luo X,Miyamoto T.Method for running safety assessment of railway vehicle agaist structural vibration displacement during earthquake[J].Quar-ter Reporter of RTRI,2007,48(3):129-135.
[23]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yuxian.Earthquake engineering(2nd)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[24]杨成林等.瑞雷波勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.YANG Chenglin.Rayyleigh wave exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.(in Chinese)
[25]Seed H B,Martin G R.The seismic coefficient in earth dam design[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations,ASCE,1996,(3):25-58.
[26]Tokimatsu K,Seed H B.Evaluation of settlements in sands due to earthquake shaking[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1987,(8):861-878.
[27]陈国兴.岩土地震工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.CHEN Guoxing.Geotechnical earthquake engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[28]Housner G W.Characteristics of strong-motion earthquakes[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1947,37(1):19-31.
[29]徐强,陈健云,李静.基于小波理论合成人工地震波[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):180-183.XU Qiang,CHEN Jianyun,LI Jing.Method of synthesis seismic wave based on wavelet reconstruction[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(8):180-183.(in Chinese)
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