高原大桥桥台地震破坏机理与抗震措施分析
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摘要
通过现场震害调查和有限元分析,研究了汶川大地震高原大桥桥台的地震破坏机理和提高桥台抗主梁撞击能力的工程措施。研究表明,基于pushover静力分析技术可较好地模拟桥台在主梁撞击下的破坏形态。对不同的有限元模型假定,高原大桥虹口侧桥台可表现出"上弱下强"、"上下等强"和"下弱上强"等3种不同的破坏模式,且桥台胸墙、前墙、前墙与翼墙交界面是抗震薄弱点,在主梁撞击下易发生脆性开裂;而高原侧桥台的破坏则基本为自胸墙开始,沿45°夹角向斜下方扩展,最终导致桥台胸墙撞碎、后侧翼墙脱落倒塌。素混凝土桥台在主梁撞击下表现出明显的脆性,提高桥台混凝土强度可有效增大桥台抗撞击的强度,而在桥台混凝土中配置一定量的分布钢筋则可有效延缓桥台破坏过程。
The seismic damage mechanism and the engineering measures to prevent collision damage of the abutments of Gaoyuan bridge damaged during the Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed by post-earthquake observations and finite element analysis.It is found that the pushover static analysis can be used to simulate the failure modes of the bridge abutments under collision effect of the girder.Three types of failure modes in the abutments of the Hongkou side are obtained by using different finite element models,such as "week top and strong bottom","equal strength from top to bottom","week bottom and strong top" failure modes.Also,the breastwall,the frontwall,and the surface between the frontwall and wingwall are vulnerable to the collision effect of the girder.The damage to the abutment of the Gaoyuan side initiated from the breastwall,and propagated toward the base with an angle about 45°.Finally,the breastwall crushed and the wingwall dropped from the abutment.It is found that the plain concrete in the abutment showed brittle failure mode under the collision effect of the girder,and it is effective to increase the strength of the abutment by using concrete with higher strength.It is also found that the damage progress of the abutment will be delayed by using concrete with reinforcements.
The seismic damage mechanism and the engineering measures to prevent collision damage of the abutments of Gaoyuan bridge damaged during the Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed by post-earthquake observations and finite element analysis.It is found that the pushover static analysis can be used to simulate the failure modes of the bridge abutments under collision effect of the girder.Three types of failure modes in the abutments of the Hongkou side are obtained by using different finite element models,such as "week top and strong bottom","equal strength from top to bottom","week bottom and strong top" failure modes.Also,the breastwall,the frontwall,and the surface between the frontwall and wingwall are vulnerable to the collision effect of the girder.The damage to the abutment of the Gaoyuan side initiated from the breastwall,and propagated toward the base with an angle about 45°.Finally,the breastwall crushed and the wingwall dropped from the abutment.It is found that the plain concrete in the abutment showed brittle failure mode under the collision effect of the girder,and it is effective to increase the strength of the abutment by using concrete with higher strength.It is also found that the damage progress of the abutment will be delayed by using concrete with reinforcements.
引文
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[15]Hsu T T.Toward a unified nomenclature for reinforced-concrete theory[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(3):275-283.
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[2]何度心.桥台抗震设计的理论与方法[J].世界地震工程,1991,7(3):1-15.HE Duxin.Theory and method for seismic design of bridge abutment[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1991,7(3):1-15.(in Chinese)
[3]唐红梅,刘荣灿,陈洪凯.地震作用下桥台滑移计算方法及应用[J].公路,2010(3):42-47.TANG Hongmei,LIU Rongcan,CHEN Hongkai.Calculation method and application of abutment slipping under earthquake[J].Highway,2010(3):42-47.(in Chinese)
[4]庄卫林,刘振宇,蒋劲松.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害分析及对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1377-1387.ZHUANG Weilin,LIU Zhenyu,JIANG Jinsong.Earthquake-induced damage analysis of highway bridges in Wenchuan earthquake and counter-measures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1377-1387.(in Chinese)
[5]王东升,郭迅,孙治国,等.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害初步调查[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(3):84-94.WANG Dongsheng,GUO Xun,SUN Zhiguo,et al.Damage to highway bridges during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engi-neering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(3):84-94.(in Chinese)
[6]Kawashima K,Takahashi Y,Ge H B,et al.Reconnaissance report on damage of bridges in 2008 Wenchuan,China,earthquake[J].Journal ofEarthquake Engineering,2009,13(7):965-996.
[7]Li Jianzhong,Peng Tianbo,Xu Yan.Damage investigation of girder bridges under the Wenchuan earthquake and corresponding seismic design rec-ommendations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(4):337-344.
[8]杜修力,韩强,李忠献,等.5.12汶川地震中山区公路桥梁震害及启示[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(12):1270-1279.DU Xiuli,HAN Qiang,LI Zhongxian,et al.The Seismic damage of bridges in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and lessons from its damage[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2008,34(12):1270-1279.(in Chinese)
[9]Aviram A,Mackie K R,Stojadinovic B.Effect of abutment modeling on the seismic response of bridge structures[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2008,7(4):395-402.
[10]Shamsabadi A,Tehrani P K,Stewart J P,et al.Validated simulation models for lateral response of bridge abutments with typical backfills[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,ASCE,2010,15(3):302-311.
[11]谢和平,台佳佳,邓建辉,等.虹口高原大桥的破坏机制分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):51-55.XIE Heping,TAI Jiajia,DENG Jianhui,et al.Analysis of damage mechanism of Gaoyuan bridge in Hongkou[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):51-55.(in Chinese)
[12]Mzrtinez-Rueda J E,Elnashai A S.Confined concrete model under cyclic load[J].Materials and Structures,1997,30(3):139-147.
[13]司炳君,孙治国,王东升,等.利用ANSYS模拟桥墩滞回性能的建模方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(6):76-79.SI Bingjun,SUN Zhiguo,WANG Dongsheng,et al.Modeling methods on simulation of hysteretic behavior of bridge piers based on ANSYS soft-ware[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2007,29(6):76-79.(in Chinese)
[14]王田友,苏小卒,方江生.拉压杆模型方法在钢筋混凝土框架节点计算中的应用研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(11):36-40.WANG Tianyou,SU Xiaozu,FANG Jiangsheng.Application of STMs for calculation of reinforced concrete frame joints[J].China Civil Engi-neering Journal,2007,40(11):36-40.(in Chinese)
[15]Hsu T T.Toward a unified nomenclature for reinforced-concrete theory[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(3):275-283.
[16]Sirtharan S,Priestley M J N,Seible F.Nonlinear finite element analyses of concrete bridge joint systems subjected to seismic actions[J].FiniteElements in Analysis and Design,2000,36(3-4):215-233.
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